1, who has not died since ancient times, keep the heart of Dan as history.

From Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Dingding Ocean", the whole poem is:

Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.

The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.

The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.

Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.

"Dan Xin" refers to a burning heart. Generally speaking, "loyal heart" is used to describe a person who is loyal to his country.

"History" refers to historical classics. In ancient times before the invention of paper, military events could only be recorded on bamboo slips; However, the water in bamboo slips must be evaporated with torches first, which is convenient for carving and can prevent insects from eating; Based on this, later generations collectively refer to ancient books that record history as "history books".

The meaning of these two poems, "since ancient times, no one has died in life, and keeping the heart of Dan is the mirror of history", means that since ancient times, people are bound to die! But to die meaningfully, if you can be loyal to your country, you can still shine and go down in history after death. Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang, Shi Kefa and Tan Sitong are all martyrs who are willing to shed their blood for the country and the people, and their heroic feelings are consistent with the poetry of these two poems.

2, people are inherently mortal, or heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather.

Sima Qian was a famous historian, thinker and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, who was famous for his respect for Mount Tai.

In the first year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu sealed Mount Tai for the first time. Sima Qian's father, as a historian, should have come to Taishan to attend the closing ceremony, but he stayed in Luoyang for some reason. He regards Zen meditation as a major event in his political life. He felt extremely sorry and disappointed that he couldn't go to the Zen ceremony in the east, and finally fell ill and was bedridden. At this time, it happened that Sima Qian came back from his overseas trip to see his father, so he held Sima Qian's hand and said with tears, "Our ancestors were officials of the Zhou Dynasty, and our distant ancestors made great contributions to Xia, ranking first among the hundred officials. Later generations gradually weakened. Will the sky be extinct because of me? If you can inherit the official position of a surname, you can inherit your ancestral business. Now the emperor of the Han Dynasty has inherited thousands of years of Mount Tai meditation, and I can't accompany him, which is destiny takes a hand! After I die, you will inherit the teacher. When you are a teacher, don't forget my desire to write a book. " Sima Qian saw the importance of Guangzong Yaozu's participation in the ceremony of sealing Mount Tai from his father's words. Sima Qian didn't realize his father's wish. Even after he went to prison, he was determined to finish his father's unfinished business with humiliation. In a letter to his good friend Ren An, he expressed his deep feelings after being punished, and mentioned his intention and determination to write Historical Records. In this famous letter, Sima Qian integrated Mount Tai into the famous sentence of the ages: "People are inherently mortal, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather." More important than Mount Tai: It means that a person's death is valuable and meaningful, which is more important than Mount Tai. Lighter than a feather: it means that a person's death is worthless and meaningless, lighter than a swan's feather.

3, learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous.

Study without thinking, and you will be at a loss; Thinking out of thin air without studying will confuse you.

Words from the Analects of Confucius 15, in which "thinking" means thinking, thinking; "w m 4 ng" reads w m 4 ng, which means confused, confused and nothing; "Almost" is pronounced dài, which means no confidence. This sentence means: if you don't think deeply, you will be confused; It's dangerous to dream without studying.

4. Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later.

"Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" is a famous sentence among the moxibustion population, which comes from the Yueyang Tower written by Fan Zhongyan, a writer in the Song Dynasty. It means: you should be sad before everyone in the world is sad and enjoy it after everyone in the world is happy. In the present words, suffering comes first and enjoyment comes last. That's right.

5. Success is Xiao He and failure is me.

Commentary: Xiao He, prime minister of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang. Success is due to Xiao He, and failure is also due to Xiao He. To make a metaphor, the success or failure of things is caused by this person, and the success or failure is up to you.

Xiao He of the Western Han Dynasty was an important counselor of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty. He once recommended Han Xin, who was good at fighting, to Liu Bang as a general, and made great contributions to the establishment of the Han Dynasty. Later, someone reported the rebellion in Han Xin to Liu Bang's wife, Lv Hou. I wanted to take Han into the palace, but I was afraid he wouldn't listen, so I discussed it with Xiao He. On the grounds of celebrating the victory of counterinsurgency, Xiao He designed to trick Han Xin into the palace. As soon as Han Xin entered the palace, he was killed by Lv Hou on charges of rebellion in the bell room of Changle Palace.

Later, when Liu Bang came back, knowing that Han Xin's rebellion was a trick of Kuai Tong, he arrested Kuai Tong and ordered him to boil to death. Unexpectedly, Kuai Tong let Liu withdraw the power of attorney in one sentence. So there is a folk saying that "Xiao He became a general (Han Xin was recommended by Xiao He) and Xiao He was defeated (Han Xin was killed by Xiao He)".

6. Do your best until you die.

From Zhuge Liang's article "A Model".

Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei establish the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu and became prime minister. He is bent on helping Liu Bei accomplish the great cause of reunifying the whole country. In 223 AD, Emperor Liu Bei of Shu Han died of illness. On his deathbed, he took Zhuge Liang by the hand and said, "Your talent is ten times higher than that of Wei Emperor Cao Pi, and you will surely accomplish the great cause of reunifying China. If my son Liu Chan can help, you can also help him; If he feels inferior and incompetent, you can replace him. " Upon hearing this, Zhuge Liang said with tears, "I swear to serve Liu Chan to the death."

After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang shouldered the heavy responsibility of assisting Liu Chan to govern Shu. He was hands-on and conscientious, and soon recovered the national strength of Shu and gradually became stronger. In order to realize Liu Bei's wish of reunifying China before his death, he led troops to attack Wei for the Central Plains six times. In the winter of 228 AD, Zhuge Liang once again assembled his troops and sent troops to the Northern Expedition. Before going to war, Zhuge Liang wrote an article entitled "After Learning" to Liu Chan, analyzed the situation at that time, and expressed his determination to the Northern Expedition. At the end of the article, Zhuge Liang wrote the sentence "I devote myself to death", indicating that I will devote all my strength faithfully and cautiously until I die.

Liu Chan agreed to his plan to send troops. Zhuge Liang led the army to the north, but due to the disparity in strength between Shu and Wei, he failed to win completely. Zhuge Liang didn't lose heart because his goal was difficult to achieve. He kept organizing attacks and finally died in the military camp.

Later, this sentence evolved into "do your best until you die", which means to do your best and contribute everything to yourself.

The great Premier Zhou also gave his life.

7. As long as the kung fu is deep, the iron pestle is ground into a needle.

There is a popular legend about Li Bai's childhood. I studied in Xiangershan, Changlong County. One day, when he had difficulty studying, there was a burst of laughter outside the house. Li Bai went to the window and saw his little friend playing games. He immediately put down his book and ran out. In spring, wild flowers are everywhere and bees are flying. While picking wild flowers and patting butterflies, Li Bai came to a stream and saw a white-haired old woman grinding an iron bar on a stone by the stream. He stepped forward and asked curiously, "Why are you grinding this?" The old woman replied without looking up, "Make a needle." "Do the needle? How can such a thick iron bar be ground into a needle? " Li Bai asked in surprise. "Son, this iron bar is thick. I will grind it today and tomorrow and keep grinding it. One day it will be a needle." Grandma said, and then she ground her head. Li Bai touched his head and thought, grandma is right! As long as the kung fu is deep, the iron bar is ground into a needle. Isn't reading the same way? How can you learn rich knowledge without hard work? So he ran home at once and began to read.

Yes, you can do anything as long as you have perseverance and keep doing it every day. The same is true of reading. Although there is something you don't understand, you will always understand as long as you insist on reading more and reading every day.

If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

This sentence comes from the famous British romantic poet Shelley's ode to the west wind.

When the cold winter comes, everything withers when the cold wind blows, giving people a bleak feeling. But don't forget, after winter, spring comes. At that time, the sun was shining, the grass was growing and the warblers were flying, and everything was revived and full of vitality. People who live in darkness and pain, don't forget to look for the light of hope, and don't forget that after darkness is dawn.

This poem was written during the English Revolution. So "If winter comes, can spring be far behind" is written for people living in a dark society. Don't give up hope, bravely fight against the dark reality and win the light of victory.

9, all rivers run into the sea, with great tolerance; The wall stands a thousand miles, and it is just without desire.

This is a couplet written by Lin Zexu more than 60 years ago and hung in the hall of yamen.

Hundreds of rivers enter the sea from Zhuangzi Qiushui: "The water in the world is more than the sea, and Wan Chuan can take it." All rivers run into the sea, with great tolerance. "This means that the sea is boundless, because it contains all the rivers. Used to describe a person who wants to be tolerant, not only to tolerate others, but also to constantly absorb different knowledge. The reason why the sea is great is that it is tolerant, capable of accepting all rivers, and educating people to be broad-minded in order to become great.

The reason why the cliff can stand upright is because it has no excessive desire and does not dump in other places, educating people to give up unnecessary pleasure and cultivate their own cultivation.

10, Linyuan Xianyu, it is better to retreat and form a net.

"History of rites and music in Han Dynasty" wrote: "It is better to retire and build a net than to be a fisherman in the forest." This means that people just stand by and watch the fat fish in the river and appreciate it in vain. They will never get the fish. Might as well go home and make a net to catch it.

Only with a net bag can you taste the delicious fish. No matter what happens in the world, if it's just a fantasy divorced from reality, or if there's just no rhetoric and empty talk about down-to-earth work, it's like standing by the river, sighing at the fish and getting nowhere. On the contrary, if you work hard, even if the practice fails, you can still learn a lesson and get closer to "success".