55 years old

Sima Qian was born in the fifth year of Zhongyuan (145 BC), the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (135 BC), and died in 90 BC Year, end of 55 years.

Achievements:

1. Literature and history

In 91 BC (the second year of Zhenghe), the entire "Historical Records" was completed. The book has 130 chapters and more than 526,500 words, including twelve chronicles, thirty families, seventy biographies, ten tables, and eight books. It has had a huge impact on later generations and is called "real records and trustworthy history". It was hailed by Mr. Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians and the unrhymed Li Sao", and was listed as the first of the first "Four Histories". Together with "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", it was called "the twin gems of history".

2. Thoughts

Sima Qian used Laozi to express the ideal of governance that he had transformed and developed. It retains the core of Taoism and nature, and consciously eliminates the ideas that reflect the primitive society of "a small country with few people" and the slave society that "enables the people", and embodies the idea of ??"migration with time" that is deeply rooted in the essence of Taoism. Its core is the natural way of heaven, and its main purpose is the people's desires.

3. Astronomy

Among the astrologers of the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian must be mentioned first. Everyone knows that Sima Qian is a great historian, but they do not know that he is also an expert in astronomy and stars. In fact, as long as you carefully read the "Tianguan Shu", "Lv Shu", and "Almanac" in his "Historical Records", you can understand that calling him an expert in astronomers is by no means a false reputation.

Sima Qian inherited his father's will and legacy and completed the task of "pushing back the changes in nature from ancient times", and clearly stated it as "understanding the changes in ancient and modern times, and studying the relationship between heaven and man". His conclusion was expressed in "Book of Heavenly Officials" , that is, based on the thirty-six solar eclipses, three comet sightings and other astrological phenomena between the Spring and Autumn Period 242, and the decline of the emperor, the power of the princes, the rise of the Five Bo Dynasties, and the social chaos and turmoil in the Warring States and Qin and Han Dynasties, we summarized the heaven Fortune changes a little in thirty years, a medium change in a hundred years, a major change in five hundred years, the three major changes become one era, and the "big numbers" that are prepared for the three eras are finally considered to be "continuous preparations between heaven and man" ". This is the most important example of the application of Sima Qian's astronomy and occupies the highest position in the entire history of astrology.

In addition, Sima Qian also summarized the basic principles of astronomy since the Warring States Period and expressed it as follows: "I carefully checked the records of history books and investigated the events in history, and found that in 100 years, all five stars were retrograde. Phenomenon. When the five stars are retrograde, they tend to become particularly bright. The eclipses of the sun and the moon and their movement to the south and north have a certain speed and period. This is the most basic data on which astrology is based. The positions of the Purple Palace and the constellations of the four palaces of east, west, south, north, and the many stars they belong to remain unchanged. Their size and distance from each other must also remain unchanged. Their distribution and arrangement symbolize the positions of the five sense organs in the sky. . This is the unchanging basis in astrology, and water, fire, metal, wood, and Saturn are the five auxiliaries of heaven. Their appearance and insidiousness also have a certain time and cycle, but their movement. The speed is uneven. This is the 'latitude' in astronomy, which is the changing part of the longitude. By combining these two fixed and changing horoscopes, we can predict changes in personnel."

4. Famous Quotes

There were many people in the Three Jin Dynasties who were adaptable, and they tried to dominate and strengthen the Qin Dynasty.

The gentleman is ill and has no reputation.

The beautiful words are beautiful, but the holy words are true, the bitter words are medicine, and the sweet words are disease.

Looking up at the high mountains, the scenery is everywhere. Although you can't reach it, your heart yearns for it.

Gai Zhongzi died in Qi, and Boya stopped playing the harp for the rest of his life. Why? A man dies for a man who knows himself, and a woman looks good for a man who pleases her.

In ancient times, people were rich and famous, but their reputations were lost and cannot be remembered. Only those who were suave and suave were praised.

Those who have enough food and clothing know the etiquette; those who have enough food and clothing know the honor and disgrace.

You don’t need rivers and seas to bathe, you need them to be cleansed; you don’t need horses to ride, you need them to walk well.

Those who are good follow it, then guide it, teach it, organize it, and compete with it.