1 Layout method of Chinese composition in primary schools
First, analyze the topic and understand its meaning.
Firstly, analyze the genre of the topic, and investigate whether the topic is narrative or expository.
Second, read the requirements of the exercise carefully, find out the meaning of the topic and distinguish the content of the topic. Such as: remembering people (who), narrating (what to say), writing landscapes (what landscapes and things to write) and so on.
Third, grasp the key points of the topic and find out the key words of the topic. It is usually called "eye". This is the core of the article. Only by grasping the title can we grasp the main content of the article. For example, the core of "one thing that moved me" is "moving". "There are true feelings everywhere in the world" and "true feelings" are "eye-catching".
Fourth, outline the scope of content. For example, "one night's work" is limited to one night; "A Corner of Campus" can't be written outside the campus; "A touching thing" can only write one thing, and writing a few things is beside the point.
Second, clear structure and reasonable layout.
The structure of the article is the internal connection and unity between each part of the article and the whole. No matter how long or short the article is, it has a certain structure. Only by clarifying the structure of the article can we write a good article. The common article structure and paragraph construction methods of primary school composition are:
First, the total score structure: general statement and sub-statement, with the central sentence at the beginning or end of the article. The total score formula includes three forms: total score, total score and total score. For example, the sixth grade Chinese "Top Bowl Boy": (1) Always: Feel the life experience, and some accidental things will never be forgotten. (2) Narrator: Show the story through three performances. (3) Summary: Express inner sighs, echo the beginning and highlight the center of the article.
Second, parallel structure: different things, situations, aspects and problems, the content of each part of the article has no primary or secondary distinction. For example, in the article "Spring Festival in Beijing", Mr. Lao She described the folk customs of the Spring Festival in old Beijing with five segments: "the 10th day of the twelfth lunar month, New Year's Eve, Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and the 19th day of the first month", which showed the warmth and beauty of China's holiday customs and expressed the author's love for traditional culture.
Third, the concept of material selection, determine the center
First, the idea is to determine the theme of the article and clarify the central idea of the article. The central idea should be correct, healthy, concentrated, distinctive and positive. Reflect the real content in real life, and guide students to write after determining the central idea according to the topic.
Second, an exercise has only one central idea and highlights a theme. An exercise can write one thing or several things. You can write about one person or several people. But the meaning of expression is mainly one, the intention should be concentrated and the center should be prominent.
Third, the ideas should be new, the materials should be realistic, and the exercise topics should be distinctive. Usually collect more vivid stories in life, accumulate more beautiful words and read more healthy books. Choose outstanding and convincing examples and choose real materials in life around the central idea. Cultivate the habit of observing things around you, consciously enrich your knowledge, cherish your unique feelings and accumulate practice materials.
Fourth, the beginning is novel and fascinating
The beginning of the exercise plays an important role in clarifying the thinking of the article, leading to the following and highlighting the center of the article. There are many methods at first, and the common methods are:
(1) Cut to the chase, stimulate readers' interest in reading, and let readers know the content of the article at a glance. Such as "building a railway to Lhasa".
(2) Through the description of the environment and characters, the following are caused. Such as "the poor".
(3) Tell the background of the article directly, starting with the time, place, people and events. Such as "Five Strong Men of Langya Mountain".
(4) Set the beginning of suspense. Ask questions at the beginning and set questions not to be answered, which arouses readers' interest and curiosity. For example, Tibetan Opera: "How many operas in the world are performed with masks? How many operas in the world are performed without a stage? A play can last for three or five days. How many plays are there in the world? "
(5) at the beginning, I borrowed scenery to express my feelings. At the beginning of the article, the love and hate of the characters in the work are expressed, which makes readers and characters feel * * *.
(6) Ask questions at the beginning. Arouse readers' thinking and interest.
(7) Start with a discussion. Put forward your own views, opinions and opinions, and discuss them in philosophical and knowledgeable language, thus leading to the following. (8) Start with famous sayings and sentences. Quoting some famous aphorisms at the beginning may enhance the persuasiveness of the article.
Fifth, write out the intermediate process in detail and deepen the theme of the article.
Clear up the idea of the middle part, write in detail in sections, and strive for one paragraph and one content. Pay attention to the description of the environment, characters' appearance, emotions and psychological activities, use sentences connecting the preceding with the following, and pay attention to the connection between paragraphs: (1) Write clearly the cause, process, climax and result of things in the order of development. (2) Write the middle part of the article in chronological order. (3) Write in the order of spatial position conversion. (4) Write by place or tour order. (5) According to the parallelism sentence, construct the paragraph into an article. (6) Use dialogue to describe.
Six, wonderful ending, summing up the full text
An article should not only have a good beginning, but also have a wonderful ending. Finally, don't shout slogans and talk empty words. In fact, the ending is as important as the beginning. There are many good ending methods worth learning. Here are some common endings:
(1) echo from beginning to end: echo the beginning at the end, which not only makes the structure of the article complete, but also strengthens the center of the article.
(2) Explain the ending: Take the ending of the matter as the end of the article. When the story is finished, the article is finished. For example, "Looking for Camels" is such a way of ending.
(3) Summarize the full text and point out the central ending: For example, the beautiful Xiaoxing 'anling ends with "Xiaoxing 'anling is a huge treasure house and a beautiful garden", which summarizes the main contents of the article and leaves a deep impression on readers.
(4) Leave a suspense ending: arouse readers' thinking and endless reverie. For example, in Kong Yiji, "I haven't seen it until now ―― maybe Kong Yiji is really dead". Is Kong Yiji dead? Let the reader think. (5) Ending with ellipsis: For example, in the article "Top Bowl Boy": "In later years, somehow, I often think of this top bowl boy and his performance. Every time I think about it, there will always be a great excitement ... "Leave room for imagination for readers.
(6) express personal feelings at the end.
(7) The end of famous aphorisms.
(8) other forms of ending.
2 primary school Chinese composition layout method
(A) determine the center and object
That is, what to write, express or express. Take writing characters as an example, first determine the object to be written, such as father, mother, teacher or small partner; Then, determine the theme, that is, what kind of views or feelings to express. If you write about your father or mother, you should express your gratitude to your parents.
(2) Find information quickly
That is, combining topics and objects to search for materials to write. Take "my mother" for example. First of all, what is the image of the mother? In other words, teachers or readers should be able to see the image characteristics of mothers through writing. In this link, we can combine the mother's height, weight and appearance characteristics, such as eyes, nose and face. However, it should be noted that in the process of characterization, you can't list them one by one, but choose a key point to write. If the mother's eyes are particularly unforgettable, then you can choose eyes as the key point to write.
Secondly, we should quickly search and select the characteristics of the selected people. First, search features, such as "My Mother" composition, must have many characteristics of a mother, so before writing, it is necessary to list the characteristics of a mother, such as tenderness, kindness, helpfulness and kindness. The second is to choose the characteristics of search. Among many characteristics, it is impossible to write all of them. At this time, we should choose several characteristics to write. For example, being kind and helping others; The third is to select projects according to their characteristics. In other words, to write about helping others, it is necessary to show it through specific events.
(3) Draw up an outline
I.e. the structure is quickly combed according to the material. Take "my mother" for example. Write the idea of the opening part first; The second is to refine according to the image and characteristics of the idea. Such as image portrayal, including height, weight, eyes and lips; Remarks "eyes" are the key part of writing; Third, the characteristics, according to their own choices listed in the outline, choose a good project; The cause and effect of the incident should be clarified. The fourth part is the conception of the ending part. In the process of guiding students to write an outline, students should be guided to separate specific paragraphs, that is, the beginning part can be described or narrated by several paragraphs, and the main part can be divided into several paragraphs, so that there will be no confusion in writing.
3 primary school Chinese composition layout method
First, guide students to establish a writing framework
When instructing primary school students in writing training, teachers should not only ask students to enrich the content of their works, but also "speak in an orderly way". On the basis of clarifying the concept of examination, teachers should organize the ideas of the articles, so as to make the articles well-organized and reasonable in layout, which can not only make the contents of the articles clearer and smoother, but also give people a formal aesthetic feeling and achieve "as they see". Therefore, teachers should guide students to clear their minds and establish a writing framework before writing.
Autumn in the Great Northern Wilderness describes the natural scenery and harvest scene in autumn in the Great Northern Wilderness, shows the beauty and richness of the Great Northern Wilderness and expresses the author's love for the Great Northern Wilderness. In the process of explaining this lesson, I ask students to read the text paragraph by paragraph, clarify the context of the text and summarize the general idea of each paragraph. I understand that this article adopts the total score structure. First, write the autumn of the Great Northern Wilderness, and then write the beautiful scenery of the Great Northern Wilderness from three aspects: the sky, the river and Yuan Ye. Then I described the abundance of products in the Great Northern Wilderness. Finally, the author deeply praised the autumn in the Great Northern Wilderness. Through the explanation of this article, I told my classmates that the framework of the article is the overall idea of our writing. With a big framework, it is more conducive to adding content to the article. Then I asked the students to take "the scenery in winter" as the topic, first clarify their writing ideas, and then write an outline of their own articles.
Through the study of this course, students realize the importance of writing framework. Writing outline can help students clear up their writing ideas. With the "skeleton" of the article in your heart, you won't be irrelevant and have nothing to write.
Second, do a good job of transition and care between paragraphs.
The most important thing in writing an article is to do a good job of "cohesion and integration". The so-called "connection" and "combination" refer to the beginning and end of the article. The beautiful beginning and the concise and thought-provoking ending echo each other, which not only makes the structure of the article complete, but also strengthens the central idea. To make the layout of the whole article more hierarchical and clear, it is necessary to transition and take care of the paragraphs and play the role of "connecting" the article.
For example, Mr. Ye Shengtao's "Remember Jinhua Shuanglong Cave" is described according to the author's browsing order from "Tao-Cave-Outer Cave-Hole-Inner Cave-Out Cave". From one scene to another, the situation changes with the scene, which not only describes the magical scenery of Shuanglong Cave, but also expresses his feelings. There is a natural transition between sentences in each paragraph of the text. In the process of explaining this lesson, I first let the students read the text freely, divide the paragraphs according to the order of the author's visit, and summarize the meaning of the paragraphs, and then let the students find out the sentences with cohesion between the paragraphs, such as the end of the third paragraph: "About five kilometers into the mountain, you come to Shuanglong Cave, where the stream flows." .
Connect the beginning of the fourth paragraph: "Look up at the mouth of the cave, the mountain is quite high, abrupt and gloomy, very imposing"; At the end of the fifth paragraph: "After about twenty or thirty feet of water, we landed. This is the inner hole." And the beginning of the sixth paragraph: "The inner hole is dark and nothing can be seen." Connecting with each other makes the whole article closely connected, like running water. Therefore, it is very important for me to guide students to find the layout of the article in their own writing process. Therefore, we should be good at the transition and care between paragraphs, so that our article structure will be more coherent and the layout will be more coordinated.
Through the study of this course, students gradually realize the importance of planning the layout of the article, and learn how to make the transition and care between paragraphs more reasonable, make the overall structure of the article clearer and orderly, and make the paragraphs coherent and orderly.
Thirdly, clarify the internal context of the paragraph.
Although some students have no outstanding problems in the general framework when writing, the levels between the lines in the paragraphs are easily disrupted and unclear. In view of this situation, teachers should guide students how to clarify the internal levels of paragraphs in composition teaching, make the paragraphs of the article clear and closely related, and guide students' writing skills from the details.
The Sea of Yantai is a lyric prose. In beautiful and vivid language, the author describes the different characteristics of Yantai's sea all year round and the rich material and cultural life of Yantai people, and draws a seascape map. Although there is no direct expression between the lines, the words in the paragraphs are also progressive. For example, the fourth paragraph reads: "In summer, the wind blowing from the South Pacific makes many cities facing the sea in the south feel it. Therefore, the sea in Yantai in summer is often as flat as a mirror, just like a quiet and gentle girl. " A simple transition word can make sentences connect smoothly. In the teaching process of this class, I told the students that if we want to make a good layout of the article, we should not only pay attention to the overall framework of the article, but also the limited cohesion of words in the paragraphs, which affected the coherence of the overall layout of our article.
Through the study of this course, students learn between the lines that the layout of an article should also pay attention to details. Even with the general framework of the article, we should make the sentences in the paragraph logical and elaborate at different levels.
4 primary school Chinese composition layout method
First, review the topic.
Examination of the title refers to the author's careful analysis and understanding of the title of the article, and the clear requirements of the title on the content, material selection scope and key points. If the exam questions are correct, the written article will meet the requirements; If there are mistakes in the examination, the article will be "off topic". In propositional composition, it is not advisable to leave the topic, even if the content is wonderful and the words are well expressed, so only by examining the topic correctly can the correctness of the examination be guaranteed. Pay attention to the following points when reviewing the questions:
1, seize the "key words" in the topic. The so-called "keywords" are words that reveal the central idea of the article or express emotional color in the title. Grasping the "key words" is to grasp the key point of the article. How to grasp "keywords"? First, the title is written in one sentence, so "keywords" are often words that indicate changes in actions, such as "Sister has changed", in which "changed" is the key point. When writing a composition, you should write about how your sister has changed, what she has become, whether she has become better or worse.
Another example is "I know teachers". "Understanding" is a word for action. The focus should be on how I understand teachers and why I understand teachers. Secondly, the words that modify and restrict the composition topic are often the "keywords" of this topic. For example, in an unforgettable Sunday, Sunday is decorated with "unforgettable", and "unforgettable" is the key word. When writing a composition, the focus should be on why this week is unforgettable. Third, the topic of the composition is only one word, and this kind of composition is often an article about scenery. Such as "bamboo" and "plum blossom". When writing a composition, we should focus on describing the characteristics of things themselves, so as to develop a reasonable imagination to reveal the center of the article.
2, to clear the scope. Each composition topic has certain restrictions on the selection of articles. It is embodied in time, place, description object and content. Through the investigation of the problems, the scope of material selection of the article is clarified. Such as: "My Dad" This is memorable; "A touching thing" This is about writing; My pencil box is tangible. Second, we should make clear the time range, that is, according to the limitation of the topic, we should be able to make clear the time when the written event occurred. For example, Memories of Childhood is about what happened in childhood, which is a thing of the past; Morning on campus should focus on the scenery in the morning; Third, it is necessary to clarify the location of the incident, such as "one thing that happened" on the playground; Fourth, it is necessary to clarify the scope of the content, that is, to analyze clearly what the title of the article requires, who and what.
3, it depends on the requirements. In addition to the proposition, the composition often has some additional requirements. Such as "healthy ideological content", "ability to develop reasonable imagination", "clear handwriting" and "correct writing format" and so on. These off-topic requirements are specific instructions for article writing and should be followed when writing. So be sure to read these off-topic requirements clearly when writing.
Second, conception and material selection.
Before you start writing, you should know why you want to write this article, know the purpose, significance and your own point of view, and express your thoughts and feelings. This is called conception. If the idea is the soul of the article, then the material is the flesh and blood of the article. Without material, conception is empty talk. When writing, students should not only have ideas, but also choose materials, so as to write a good article with soul and body. Where does the material of the article come from? How to choose materials? Choose a composition material around the center to unify the center and the material.
When guiding students to write, we should also pay attention to the following points: First, we must choose real materials. That is, choose real materials in life to write a composition, so that it can accurately reflect the objective reality, and vice versa; Second, the material is typical. In other words, in the original materials, "panning for gold in the sand", choose the most representative materials that can reveal the essence of things. Third, the materials are novel. Novel materials will make the article more contemporary and more attractive to readers. Fourth, be careful and appropriate. The choice of articles and materials is just like the detailed writing closely related to the center, and we are determined not to write anything irrelevant to the center's expression.