Chronology of Manstein’s Life
On November 24, 1887, Erich Manstein was born in the family of Artillery General Edward Levinsky in Berlin, Germany. Erich Levinsky. Soon, he was adopted by his uncle, Infantry General Manstein, and his surname was changed to Manstein.
On February 20, 1890, the German Social Democratic Party won the election to the Reich Parliament, marking the end of Bismarck's era of rule.
On March 28, 1898, the German Imperial Parliament passed the first Battleship Law by a majority.
In 1900, after enrolling in Strasbourg, Manstein entered the Junior Officer Cadet Corps. At this time, the first periodic crises of the imperialist stage began. Germany joined the "Eight-Nation Alliance" to invade China.
In 1906, Manstein graduated from the Grosslichfeld Military Academy. Assigned to the 3rd Infantry Regiment of the German Guards as a trainee officer, and promoted to second lieutenant one year later.
The second annex to the German Naval Warships Act on June 14, 1908 greatly promoted the construction of large warships.
July The Young Turks uprising in Turkey. The Balkan crisis breaks out.
In 1913, Manstein was selected to study at the Military Academy.
On June 29, the Second Balkan War broke out.
On August 10, the warring countries signed the Bucharest Peace Treaty, ending the Second Balkan War.
On June 28, 1914, a Serbian youth assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The First World War broke out. Manstein served as a lieutenant adjutant in the 2nd Guards Reserve Regiment and was later promoted to captain. He fought in Belgium, East Prussia and southern Poland.
On July 23, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia.
On August 1, Germany declared war on Russia.
On August 3, Germany declared war on France. German troops invaded Belgium and attacked the Belgian fortress of Liege.
On August 4, German Social Democratic MPs agreed to fund the war. On the same day Britain declared war on Germany.
On August 24, German troops invaded France.
September 6-9, the German army failed in the Battle of the Marne River against the French army, marking the bankruptcy of the German "Schlieffen Plan"
.
In November, Manstein was seriously injured in battle on the front line.
In May 1915, Manstein served as a staff member in the corps headquarters of General Galvez and General Biro respectively.
In the summer, Manstein participated in the German offensive against the Russian army in northern Poland.
In September, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria and Türkiye established the Quadruple Alliance.
In the autumn, Manstein participated in the battle in Serbia with the army.
On February 21, 1916, the German 5th Army began to bombard Verdun, France, marking the beginning of the Battle of Verdun.
Manstein participated in the Battle of Verdun. Later, he participated in the battles of the Somme and Ais
Ny.
On August 26, Italy declared war on Germany.
On August 29, German Emperor Wilhelm II appointed Hindenburg as the German Chief of General Staff and Ludendorff as the Logistics Director.
On December 30, the Allies rejected Germany’s peace negotiation proposal.
On February 1, 1917, Germany announced unrestricted submarine warfare.
On April 6, the United States declared war on Germany.
In the fall, Manstein was transferred to the 4th Cavalry Division stationed in Kirland as chief of the operations section.
On November 7, 1917, the Russian October Socialist Revolution was victorious.
On March 21, 1918, the German army launched its spring offensive on the Western Front.
In May, Manstein was transferred to the Western Front and served as the chief of the combat section of the German 213th Infantry Division to participate in the Lemens Offensive.
On July 14, the Allies launched a counterattack against the Central Powers.
November 3-10 The domestic revolution in Germany began, overthrowing the Hohenzollern dynasty. William II abdicated and fled to the Netherlands.
On November 11, the armistice agreement between Germany and the Allied Powers was officially signed. The German Empire lost the war.
On February 6, 1919, the German National Assembly convened in Weimar and announced the establishment of the Weimar Republic.
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28.
On August 12, 1923, the Cournot government collapsed and Stresemann succeeded as German Chancellor.
On November 8-9, Hitler launched a fascist riot in the Munich Beer Hall. After the failure, he fled to Finland.
On February 27, 1925, Hitler reestablished the Nazi Party.
On April 26, Hindenburg was elected as the second president of the Weimar Republic.
On September 10, 1926, Germany joined the League of Nations.
In September 1929, the capitalist world economic crisis broke out. In this four-year crisis, the German economy has suffered a serious impact.
On March 30, 1930, Hindenburg appointed Heinrich Brüning, the right-wing leader of the Catholic Center Party, as chancellor and organized a coalition government between the Center Party and the German National People's Party.
On June 4, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Germany issued the "Resolution on the Anti-Fascist Struggle."
Between 1931 and 1932, Manstein visited the Soviet Union twice, met with senior Soviet generals, and visited military exercises in Ukraine and the Caucasus.
On October 11, 1931 in Hugenberg, under the organization of Hitler and Schacht, the German National People's Party, the Nazi
Party, the Stahlhelm Regiment, the Pan-German Association, the Juncker Representatives of the Landowners' Organization Agricultural Union and the Bismarck Youth League gathered in Harzburg to form the "Harzburg Front" against the Soviet Union in an attempt to establish fascism regime.
On May 29, 1932, Hindenburg met with Brüning and suddenly asked him to resign.
On June 1, Hindenburg appointed von Papen as chancellor.
On July 31, the German parliamentary election was announced. The Nazi Party became the largest party in the Reichstag.
On August 30, the Center Party and the Nazi Party jointly elected G?ring as Speaker of the Reichstag.
On November 11th, planned by Schachter, Schachter, Papen, Kepler, Himmler and others drafted a plan by 20 monopoly capitalists.
and large landowners signed a petition calling for Hitler to be appointed chancellor.
On December 2, Hindenburg decided that Schleicher would form a government.
On January 30, 1933, Hindenburg officially appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany, and Paben served as Deputy Prime Minister and Prime Minister of Prussia
organizing the cabinet.
On February 27, an arson incident occurred in the Reichstag building in Berlin.
On March 5, Germany held a parliamentary election under the fascist white terror.
On March 23, Congress passed the "Law for the Elimination of People's and National Suffering" proposed by Hitler, known as the Authorization Law.
In 1934, Manstein was promoted to chief of staff of the Third Military District Headquarters in Berlin.
On August 1, Congress passed the "Head of State Law."
Hindenburg died on August 2. Hitler appointed himself as the head of state in accordance with the "Head of State Law", calling himself "Head of State and Chancellor". The Minister of Defense and the Wehrmacht pledged personal allegiance to Hitler.
In July 1935, Manstein was promoted to director of the First Department of the German Army Staff Headquarters in charge of operations.
In October 1936, Manstein was promoted to major general and served as the 1st Munitions Director and Chief Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army Staff Headquarters.
Chief of Staff.
In April 1938, Manstein was transferred from the Army Staff Headquarters and became commander of the 18th Division, and participated in the occupation of the Sudetenland
region.
On March 12, the German army entered Austria.
On September 29, the leaders of Britain, France, Germany and Italy signed the "Munich Agreement".
On March 15, 1939, the German army occupied Czechoslovakia.
In the summer, in preparation for the attack on Poland, Hitler established the Southern Group Army
consisting of the 8th, 10th, and 14th Army. Manstein was promoted to lieutenant general and served as the army's chief of staff.
On August 23, the Soviet Union and Germany signed the "Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact."
On September 1, Germany invaded Poland. World War II breaks out. As the chief of staff of the German Army Group South, Mansch participated in the planning and command of the "White Plan" to invade Poland.
On September 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany.
On September 18, Manstein organized and commanded the Battle of Buchula River.
On September 28, the German Army in the South, commanded by Manstein, captured Warsaw.
On October 24, Manstein was transferred to the Western Front battlefield to organize and command the newly established Army Group A and served as the chief of staff of the Army Headquarters
He drafted a battle plan for the Western Front campaign, proposing the concentrated use of armored forces, with Group A as the main force, quickly passing through the Ardennes area where the Maginot Line is located, and penetrating into the northwest sea
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On the coast of the gorge, cut off the main force of the French army fighting in Belgium and the Netherlands, and join forces with the reinforced Group B to annihilate the French army.
The German army headquarters refused to adopt the plan on the grounds that it was too risky.
On January 27, 1940, Manstein was transferred to Pomerania by Hitler to serve as commander of the newly formed 38th German Army.
On April 9, the German army began to attack Denmark and Norway.
On May 10, the German army attacked Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium and France. On the same day, the 38th Army commanded by Manstein was placed under the command of Army Group B.
On May 16, the 38th Army was transferred to the command of Group A.
On June 5, Manstein was promoted to infantry general due to his meritorious service in combat.
On June 9, Manstein led his troops to the banks of the Seine.
On June 14, Paris, the capital of France, was occupied by German troops.
On July 25, Manstein was awarded the Knight's Cross.
On September 27, Germany, Italy and Japan signed a military alliance treaty.
At the end of February 1941, Manstein was transferred to the commander of the 56th Armored Corps of the German Army Northern Group which was being formed.
On June 22, Germany launched a surprise attack on the Soviet Union. The Soviet-German war broke out. Manstein led his troops deep into Sorchi, southwest of Lake Ilmen in the Soviet Union, and rescued the German 16th Army Corps, which was surrounded by the Soviet army.
On September 16, Manstein took over as commander of the 11th Army Group South.
On February 1, 1942, Manstein was promoted to general.
On July 1, Manstein was commended by Hitler's telegram and promoted to marshal
for his meritorious service in commanding the Crimean Campaign.
In July Manstein visited Romania at the invitation of Romania's head of state Antonescu, and received Romania's highest medal of honor - "Mi Medal of Valor of Khail".
On August 12, Manstein returned to Crimea and served as the commander-in-chief of the German forces fighting in the Leningrad area.
On November 20, Manstein was transferred to the commander-in-chief of the "Don" Army Group located on both wings of Stalingrad to participate in the Battle of Stalingrad
. An attempt to relieve the 6th Army, which was encircled by the Soviet army in the Stalingrad area, failed.
In early January 1943, the half-year-long Battle of Stalingrad ended with the defeat of the German army, and the initiative in the war was transferred to the Soviet army.
This became a turning point in World War II.
In February, Manstein was transferred to command Army Group South. They failed in the Battle of Kursk and vigorously implemented the "scorched earth" policy during the retreat.
On March 14, Manstein was awarded the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves for his meritorious service in commanding the Battle of Karkov.
In the summer, Manstein led his troops to participate in the German Army's "Acropolis" operation on the Eastern Front.
In July, the Allied forces landed on Sicily, the southern tip of the Italian peninsula.
On November 28, the heads of state of the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom met in Tehran.
On March 30, 1944, due to the failure of frontline command operations, Manstein was recalled to Upper Salzburg by Hitler and was awarded
the Medal of Leaves with Two Swords and was exempted from military service. He left his post and was incorporated into the reserve army.
On June 6, the Allied forces landed in Normandy, opening up the second battlefield in Europe.
On February 4, 1945, the summit meeting of the Soviet Union, the United States, and Britain was held in Yalta on the 12th.
On April 30, the Soviet army captured Berlin. Hitler committed suicide out of fear of guilt.
On May 7, D?nitz signed Germany’s unconditional surrender on behalf of the German government. The war in Europe ended. After the war, Manstein was captured by the British army.
In 1949, Manstein was sentenced to 18 years in prison by a British military court and imprisoned in Weir Prison.
In 1953, Manstein was pardoned and released from prison.
In 1955, Manstein published his memoirs "Lost Victory".
Manstein died in Munich on June 11, 1973.