Innovative thinking is the core of human creativity, the highest form of thinking, and the most active, active and fruitful thinking form in human thinking activities. The progress and development of human society cannot be separated from the growth and development of knowledge, which is the result of innovative thinking. Innovative thinking has the characteristics of abnormality of thinking form, comprehensiveness of thinking process, openness of thinking space and originality of thinking results. For anyone, innovative thinking can be trained, and the only difference lies in the effectiveness achieved through training. Pupils are active in thinking and often have flashes of thinking that are not limited to common sense. Chinese teachers should be sensitive to discovery in the classroom, pay attention to developing students' thinking, and strive to create a classroom atmosphere full of passion, burning thoughts and emotions, so that the spark of innovative thinking can bloom in the Chinese classroom.
First, enlighten thinking and let students learn to be unconventional.
"Simplify the Sanqiu tree by removing complexity and bring new February flowers with different standards". Chinese class is beautiful, and this beauty lurks in the depths of language. The beauty contained in many texts may be hidden in a sentence, a word and a punctuation mark. Chinese teachers should be good at conveying the beauty in the depth of the language to students, guiding students to understand what is behind the words and thinking about problems that ordinary people dare not think about. So as to achieve the purpose of inspiring thinking and learning to be unconventional.
1, create a good environment
"Water has no beauty and swings into ripples; There is no fire in the stone, and it is light when it is excited. " Innovation is like this ripple. The light that collides with each other makes the calm heart surge and the mediocre brain enlightened. However, not all classrooms can spark innovative thinking, and it needs a classroom atmosphere that can give birth to "sparks". [1] In Chinese teaching activities, teachers should affirm students' learning activities, carry forward democratic teaching ideas to the maximum extent, actively create a lively, relaxed, democratic negotiation and active exploration teaching atmosphere, and stimulate students' creative thinking, so that students will be willing to participate in teaching activities, speak boldly, dare to argue, dare to deny authoritative conclusions and put forward new opinions. [ 2 ]
When the teacher teaches Sunset in Sanya, on the basis of fully guiding students to read American literature and appreciate the beautiful scenery, let the students imagine themselves on this soft and delicate beach, facing the warm wind blowing slowly, watching the sunset with soft flame like a poem. What are you going to say? Some students said they wanted to draw a picture, while others said they wanted to write a word, sing a song, write a poem, a wonderful poem praising Sanya, a poem full of interest and scenes? At this time, a student said it was an environmental poem, which attracted a burst of laughter from the students. The teacher asked the students approvingly and doubtfully: Can you tell me the reason? Students answer: Can clear water, blue sky, seagulls, sunset, breeze and beach be merged into a wisp of black smoke, a blank sheet of paper and a nasty sputum? Isn't this an environmental poem? Teachers and students applauded warmly. In the teaching clip of this case, the teacher created a happy, relaxed and harmonious classroom atmosphere for students to "speak freely", in which students can discuss democratically, speak freely and express their opinions. Whether it is painting, song or poem, no matter what kind of painting, song or poem you are, as long as your true feelings are revealed and your inner words are spoken out, the teacher will take good care of you.
A good classroom atmosphere is a "catalyst" for innovation, and innovative thinking can only be nurtured and born in a suitable space soil. Therefore, it should be the only way to innovate teaching to eliminate the strict barriers between teachers and students and replace compulsory arbitrariness and teacher dignity with democracy, freedom, tolerance and encouragement. [3 ]
Step 2 change your mind
Miracles come from changing your mind. The children are curious and curious. Some problems are not worth mentioning or even ridiculous to adults, and they are not easy to understand. However, the seemingly outrageous answer may contain unique insights and spark creative thinking. In teaching, we should organize more students to carry out divergent thinking training, be good at guiding them to change, turn effective into encouragement and reward, and turn improper into guidance and encouragement. Let the students use their brains and gain something.
In the teaching scene of "Pony Crossing the River", when the teacher and the students discussed and agreed that "Pony doesn't use his brain, he will do whatever others say", there appeared an alternative voice: "I think Pony is also reasonable, and he is very careful. If the river is really deep, then if the pony is not careful, its life will be in jeopardy. If I were you, I wouldn't listen to the squirrel. I'd rather believe it, not believe it! " Obviously, this is a thought-provoking voice with a strong sense of criticism. The teacher quoted "Yes, there is only one life, and no one can joke about his own life." Then the old cow said it was shallow and the squirrel said it was deep. Faced with such a difficult problem, if it is you, how do you know the depth of the river? "The students discussed enthusiastically, and the sparks of wisdom kept flashing, which received unexpected teaching results. [4] Such valuable budding points can be found everywhere in our classroom. In teaching, we should be as good at inspiring students' thoughts as this teacher and let them learn something. Teachers should satisfy students' questions as much as possible, be able to keenly grasp the "bright spot" of students' thinking, and lead communication and discussion to a deeper level. Because any repression and interference will damage creative thinking. Teachers should pay attention to discovering students' special talents and interests, respect their special talents and abilities, change their conservative attitude, guide students to dare to be unconventional and disagree, create a learning environment that inspires students to question and ask difficult questions, and guide their naive curiosity to the scientific track.
Second, develop thinking and let students learn to find faults.
Aristotle famously said: Thinking begins with doubt and surprise. There is no perfection in the world, "perfection is death". There are always doubts and questions, so that we can always think and innovate. This is an important way of creative thinking. Chinese teachers should be good at guiding students to question and ask difficult questions, and encourage students to make bold innovations.
1, ask questions to the textbook
Students worship books and teachers, and often think that as long as what is written in the book and what the teacher says must be right. We should encourage and train students to have the thinking quality of daring to doubt. In fact, in the process of learning, students will have different understandings of each text, and they will also have doubts about the results they have learned. We encourage students to express their questions and seek correct answers by discussing with each other and obtaining information. Such questioning helps students broaden their knowledge, enlighten their wisdom, enhance the spirit of mutual learning, create an atmosphere of good thinking and good questioning, and help students form the quality of pursuing truth.
In the class of "Children with Empty Pots", when a chorus praised Honest Xiongri, a student thought Xiongri was too lonely and didn't want to learn from him. Teachers adjust teaching strategies in time, guide discussions, and guide students to look at things dialectically without violating the value orientation of the text: in order to highlight the goodness and beauty of individuals, they will not hesitate to end up with a lot of evil and ugliness, or deliberately pull things that are not good, evil, beautiful and ugly in the direction of evil and ugliness to form a contrast. This is an idea that we can often catch a glimpse of when reading. Its characteristics are: restraining nine and promoting one. This is a subjective, arbitrary, extreme, deliberate, unconvincing and contrary to objective facts. [ 5 ]
Step 2 ask questions to authorities
In teaching, teachers can make full use of the content of the text to help children overcome the inertia, rigidity, rigidity and dullness of thinking. Do not blindly follow, dare to challenge authority. For example, "Two iron balls landed at the same time" describes Galileo's famous experiment on the leaning tower of Pisa. This experiment is so simple that anyone can do it without using any special equipment or mastering any exquisite operation skills. But in the past two thousand years, 730 thousand days and nights, no one has done this simple experiment. The fact that Galileo used iron instantly overturned Aristotle's conclusion that he had almost absolute authority for two thousand years. Galileo's greatness and preciousness lie not in his doing this experiment, but in his never blindly worshipping authority.
Third, deepen thinking and let students learn to break through obstacles.
Narrow-minded, depressed, depressed, etc Will make us lack creativity. We should be able to identify obstacles, then overcome them and promote creativity. The obstacles to breakthrough mainly include the following contents: fixed thinking, no flexibility; Too strict, dead pick words; Advocating authority and being exclusive; Follow the crowd and follow the overall situation; Information saturation, unable to cut in; Timid and self-abased, lacking self-confidence; Narrow interests, burnout and laziness.
In teaching, seeking "standard answers" and "correct results" seems to have become a fixed mode of thinking and a rational operating procedure in many classrooms. In Chinese class, we often see that in order to write a word on the blackboard or get an answer to a question, teachers will "ask questions" at all costs until a "correct conclusion" is squeezed out. Such teaching activities completely stifle students' creative thinking. In the teaching process, teachers should try their best to guide students to find new ways, avoid conventional thinking as much as possible, and examine problems in a three-dimensional and multi-faceted way, so that students can exert their imagination, feel the body odor and get their own unique opinions. For example, Sima Guang's "smashing cans to save lives" is a well-known reverse thinking. Teachers can guide students to think about Sima Guang's process of "reverse thinking": How did Sima Guang come up with this method? Is there any other way? Transform teachers' innovative consciousness into students' innovative activities. [ 6 ]
In a word, the key to cultivate students' innovative thinking lies in whether teachers have creative consciousness. If teachers have strong creativity, they will adopt a variety of teaching methods, design creative language training programs, ask inspiring questions, open students' minds and make them active. If teachers have creative consciousness and democratic consciousness, they will create a harmonious and democratic environment suitable for developing students' creativity. Because students' learning creativity needs a lot of encouragement, teachers should be good at finding some creative sparks in students' questions and answers, giving them opportunities of encouragement and expression in time, so that students can dare to express their views. Teachers can achieve the above two points, and students' creativity in learning will naturally be fully developed.