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1

Chinese martial arts culture has a long history. It first emerged from the fusion of the Yan and Huang clans, and the civilization was founded on Sun Wu. "The Art of War" contains rich moral resources and shines with the brilliance of the ethical wisdom of the Chinese nation. It has important value to modern world civilization and needs to be developed and utilized by us. From the perspective of the general trend of civilization and progress in the modern world, the value and significance of developing the moral resources of "Sun Tzu's Art of War" mainly include the following aspects:

1. The era of the great national defense and national security strategy

"Anguo" is the ethical theme of "Sun Tzu's Art of War". "Five Things and Seven Strategies" is his great guide to safeguarding the country. If you want to secure the country, you must pay attention to raising troops and fighting. Sun Tzu pointed out in the first sentence of the first chapter of The Art of War: "The military is a major matter for the country. The place of life and death, the way of survival, must be observed." This is consistent with "Guanzi" " "The Sutra of "The Soldier Honors the Lord and Anguo" is of the same origin. "Soldiers" are the means of "safeguarding the country"; "safeguarding the country" is the purpose of "soldiers" and the ultimate value goal. Therefore, the day of "An Guo" is when the value of military personnel is realized; "An Guo" is the highest principle and ultimate standard for measuring the value of military personnel.

So, how to use "soldiers" to achieve the goal of "safeguarding the country"? Sun Tzu's "Five Matters and Seven Strategies" puts forward a strategic idea of ????defense and national security. The so-called "temple calculation" requires war leaders to regard the "Five Matters and Seven Strategies" as a system and whole, and then conduct a full rational analysis of "self" and "the enemy", make realistic judgments, and achieve "know the enemy". "Confidant", and only then can we decide whether to fight or not. It can be seen that whether to fight or not to fight is based on "safeguarding the country"; more victories and less victory are determined by the "temple calculation" of "five things and seven strategies". However, as the main content of "Temple Calculation", "Five Matters and Seven Strategies" is first of all objective and a fact of existence. Because only if it exists as such a fact, can it enter the perspective of "temple calculation", become the object of "temple calculation", and then make rational analysis and judgment on it. It can be seen that creating the objective existence of the "five things and seven strategies" that is superior to the "other" side is the basic guarantee for winning the "victory" in the military war and thereby achieving "security".

Military power is not only a component of comprehensive national power, but also based on comprehensive national power. Sun Tzu's "Temple Calculation" of "Five Matters and Seven Strategies" is essentially an estimate of comprehensive national strength. "Five Matters and Seven Strategies" has rich connotations, including politics, economy, military, talent, public opinion, weather, location and many other factors. These factors can be summarized into two main aspects: material factors and spiritual factors. Therefore, in order to stabilize the country, we must attach great importance to the development, construction and accumulation of material and spiritual strength to create comprehensive national strength that is at the forefront of the times; otherwise, if the comprehensive national strength falls behind, we will be passively beaten. Sun Tzu's "Temple Calculation" theory of "Five Things and Seven Strategies" reveals a way to "safeguard the country" with modern value: this is to increase the country's comprehensive national strength. Since this approach to national security transcends the concept of military security in the narrow sense, it can be called the doctrine of great national security.

The moral connotation of national defense and national security is national defense patriotism. The modern value and meaning it contains is: a true patriot should shoulder the historical responsibility of "safeguarding the country" and mission, to make its due contribution to improving the overall national strength; a country and nation that wants to be invincible should pay attention to the construction of material civilization and spiritual civilization, so that they can be at the forefront of the times.

Today’s world is a world full of contradictions and fierce competition. International competition, in the final analysis, is a competition of comprehensive national strength. Every country and nation is committed to developing the comprehensive national strength of its country and nation, especially its economic strength. However, due to the integration and multi-polar development trend of the global economy, the development of a country's comprehensive national strength is limited to the scope of integration, and is increasingly restricted by integration. If any country wants to develop itself within the scope of integration, it must make certain contributions and sacrifices for the economic development of global integration. It does not matter whether it is willing to do so or realizes this. The guiding ideology and behavior that attempts to seize and sacrifice the economic development of other countries to meet its own development needs is destined to be punished. Because the stability and development of other countries is undoubtedly a condition for the stability and development of our own country. In this regard, developed countries should make more contributions and sacrifices for the prosperity of the world economy, otherwise their development will be restricted. In short, the enhancement of the comprehensive national strength of a contemporary country is achieved in the environment of fierce world competition and global economic integration. Only by complying with the trend of the times of "requiring peace, seeking cooperation, and promoting development" can it be more conducive to comprehensive national strength. Enhancement, thereby achieving the purpose of "safeguarding the country".

Comprehensive national strength manifested from the spiritual aspect is a pillar of "national security" that cannot be ignored. The contemporary world is also a world where multiple cultural trends of thought collide and agitate with each other. If a country or nation with excellent cultural traditions cannot maintain its advantages in collisions and agitation, even if its economy improves, it will inevitably be defeated in an invisible war. Economic and military aggression will threaten a country's security, as will spiritual and cultural aggression, which is even more dangerous than economic and military aggression.

Therefore, to adhere to the national defense patriotism strategy, we must pay attention to the construction of spiritual civilization, build a solid spiritual defense line for the nation, prevent spiritual aggression, resist spiritual pollution, inherit and develop the nation's excellent cultural traditions in the process of opening up, and maintain the purity of the national spirit. and advancement. This move should become an important part of the major national defense and security strategy.

The military field is often the most intense and sensitive field in a country’s competition for comprehensive national strength. If you want to "safeguard the country", you must attach great importance to military struggle. Sun Tzu-

's saying that "the soldier is a major event of the country" still has universal truth and value significance in contemporary times. Today's world is a world where high and new technologies are developing rapidly. New scientific and technological achievements are often first applied in the military field. High technology is widely penetrating into various elements of combat effectiveness, playing an increasingly important role in the generation and development of combat effectiveness. The widespread application of high and new technologies is not only profoundly changing the face of the world, but also triggering a series of revolutionary changes in the military field. Therefore, seizing the commanding heights of military high technology has become the highest means of international military struggle. If military struggle is a major matter of "safeguarding the country", then the development of high-tech military technology is the top priority of a major matter of "safeguarding the country." The widespread application of high and new technologies in the military will inevitably greatly aggravate the disasters caused by war. The so-called "military struggle is advantageous, and military struggle is dangerous" in "The Art of War: Military Struggle" means that "profit" and "danger" go hand in hand. It is not uncommon in world history for countries and nations to resort to militarism in order to compete for profit, eventually leading to their own destruction.

There are two ancient sayings in the history of Chinese martial arts culture, one is "If you forget to fight, you will be in danger", and the other is "If you are willing to fight, you will perish." Especially in today's world where the world is relatively "shrinking" and war is becoming more and more destructive, "security for the country" and security for the international community are integrated. A country for self-security and a country for security of others complement each other. The security of the international community is The safety factor of each country is conditional. Therefore, the truth of Sun Tzu's proposition that "military strife is a danger" is increasingly of universal and practical significance, and should arouse the great attention of the international community and people of all countries.

It should be noted that on the beacon tower of high-tech warfare, the sparks fanned by a butterfly may trigger a global disaster; however, it is completely foreseeable that the first person to perish is itself. Contemporary China's military strategy to "safeguard the country" is to implement the military strategic policy of active defense. Therefore, adapting to the profound changes in the world's military field, attaching importance to "strengthening the army through science and technology", strengthening quality construction, following the path of elite troops with Chinese characteristics, and improving the defense combat capabilities under modern technology, especially high-tech conditions, are the key to achieving "security for the country" important guarantee. At the same time, it is also China's moral responsibility and mission to make greater and more contributions to safeguarding world peace.

2

Human history has entered the twenty-first century. Entering a peaceful, stable and prosperous world into the new century is the aspiration of the Chinese government and people.

In an important historical period, China is committed to modernization. China needs and cherishes a long-term international peaceful environment, especially a good surrounding environment. The Chinese people are willing to work with people of all countries in the world to make unremitting efforts for the noble cause of promoting world peace and development and creating a better future for mankind.

The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Establishing a solid national defense is a strategic task of our country's modernization drive, and it is to safeguard national security, unity and comprehensive construction.

1. The concept of national defense< /p>

National defense is a survival science and a country’s defense. It refers to the military and military-related political, diplomatic, economic, and Construction and struggle in culture and other aspects.

National defense comes with the birth of a country and serves national interests. Churchill once said: “We have no eternal friends and no eternal enemies, only eternal interests. . "This is true. National defense is directly related to national security, national dignity, and social development.

1. The subject of national defense: the country.

2. The purpose of national defense : Defend national sovereignty, unity, safeguard national security, and defend the country’s territorial integrity.

3. National defense means: military, political, economic, diplomatic, etc.

4. National defense. Object: aggression and armed subversion.

5. Status and role: ⑴ National security guarantee. ⑶ Important conditions for national prosperity and development. Ancient National Defense: Ancient China’s national defense has a history of approximately 4,000 years, from the establishment of the Xia Dynasty in the 21st century BC to the end of the Opium War in 1840 AD. During the long history of national defense, the Chinese nation has experienced countless bloody battles. The baptism of fire cultivated the cohesion of the nation and the martial spirit of self-improvement and defense against aggression, and eventually formed a multi-ethnic country with a large territory.

⑴ Ancient national defense policy and defense theory

In ancient my country, many effective national defense policies and theories were put forward to improve national defense capabilities: first, the national defense guiding ideology of "putting the people first" and "being prepared for danger in times of peace"; second, "enriching the country and strengthening its military" and "locating troops in agriculture" The national defense construction ideology; the third is the national defense education ideology of "patriotic education war" and "advocating martial ethics"; the fourth is the national defense struggle strategy of "victory without fighting" and "securing the country and the entire army".

Following these ideas, our country has won countless foreign wars, enabled the Chinese nation to multiply from generation to generation, and enabled national defense to reach its peak period when "China is at peace and the barbarians submit to themselves."

⑵The construction of the military system in ancient times

The so-called military system is the military system, which is now generally called the military system. It includes the armed forces system, military leadership system and military service system.

In terms of the armed force system, ancient my country was generally divided into central army, local army and border defense army. Before the Qin Dynasty, the armed forces were relatively single. In terms of the composition of military forces, a civilian-military system was implemented in which soldiers and civilians were integrated. Production and labor were carried out in peacetime, and the army was assembled in wartime, and the army was formed through temporary recruitment. After the Qin Dynasty, with the improvement of the political system and the development of economic production, each dynasty divided the army into the central army, local army and border defense army according to the country's situation and national defense needs, as well as the garrison areas and tasks, and the military's Organizational establishment, border guarding, military service and military taxes, army allocation, military supplies, post passages, manufacturing and distribution of weapons, etc. have all been specifically stipulated and promulgated and implemented in the form of laws, such as the "Forbidden Laws of Guards" and "The Forbidden Laws of the People's Republic of China" in the Tang Dynasty. Military Defense Order" etc.

In terms of the military leadership system, there were no specialized military institutions in the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou dynasties. The king generally presided over military affairs in person and led troops in battle. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the system of generals and prime ministers appeared in state institutions, with generals as the main components of military command structures. During the Warring States Period, it was common for generals to independently lead troops in battle. After the unification of Qin, an institution specializing in military management was established, and the highest military official was called Taiwei. The Sui Dynasty reformed the state institutions and established a three-province and six-ministry system, and a dedicated department in charge of military affairs - the Ministry of War. In order to prevent "powerful generals" from relying on their own troops, the Song Dynasty established the Privy Council in the central government as the highest body of military leadership, with civilian officials serving as chief officials. The Privy Council has the power to dispatch the army, but not to command; the general has the power to command the army, but cannot dispatch the army, resulting in mutual restraint between the Privy Council and the general. Although the military leadership systems of each dynasty were not consistent, the imperial power was supreme, and the power to deploy and use the army was always in the hands of the emperor.

The military service system has developed and changed with the political, economic, demographic conditions and military needs of each historical period. During the slave society period, productivity was low, the population was sparse, and the scale of wars was small. The civilian-military system was mainly implemented with the integration of soldiers and civilians. During the feudal society period, the civilian army system gradually evolved into a military service system that was adapted to the historical conditions at that time, such as the conscription system in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the world military system in the Three Kingdoms, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the government military system in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the recruitment system in the Song Dynasty, and the guard station in the Ming Dynasty. Military service, etc.

⑶National defense project construction in ancient times

In ancient my country, in order to resist the invasion of foreign enemies and consolidate border and coastal defense, a large number of large-scale national defense projects were built. Such as the city, the Great Wall, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and coastal defense fortresses, etc.

The city is the earliest and most numerous project in ancient my country’s national defense construction. City construction began in the Shang Dynasty, and then continued to expand in scale and improve its structure until modern times. As a result, the offensive and defensive operations of the city became one of the main styles of ancient Chinese wars.

The Great Wall is the continuation and development of city construction and was first built during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After Qin destroyed the six kingdoms and unified them, in 214 BC, in order to defend against the southern invasion of the northern Huns, the Great Walls in the northern parts of Qin, Zhao, and Yan were repaired and connected into one. The former site stretches from Linting (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) in the west, to the Yinshan Mountain in the north, and to Liaodong in the east. After being built and connected many times in various dynasties, by the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall was formed, starting from Jiayuguan in the west and ending at Shanhaiguan in the east.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is a great water conservancy project in ancient my country. During the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, the original river channel was dug continuously. The canal starts from Tongzhou in the north and ends in Hangzhou in the south, with a total length of 1,794 kilometers. It connects many states and counties in the north and south, and plays a positive role in military transportation and the "south-to-north grain transportation".

The construction of ancient coastal defense began in the Ming Dynasty. In order to prevent Japanese pirates from attacking, the Ming Dynasty successively built a coastal defense engineering system in important coastal areas, with the Acropolis and the New City as the backbone, and a combination of water and land forts, barracks, piers, platforms, and beacons.

3. National defense after the founding of New China: The first stage: (1949-1953) The period of recovery from external aggression and internal treatment of trauma.

The second stage: (1953-1966) adjustment period.

The third stage: (1966-1976) "Cultural Revolution" period.

The fourth stage: (1977-1989) modernization construction period.

Revelation from the history of national defense: ⑴ Economic development is the foundation for strong national defense. (2) Political prosperity is the foundation for consolidating national defense. (3) National unity and national unity are the keys to strong national defense. (4) Scientific and technological progress is an important guarantee for strong national defense.

The current national defense leadership system: (1) The national defense leadership authority of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. (2) The national defense powers of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. (3) The powers of the President in national defense. (5) The powers of the State Council in national defense. (6) The powers of the Central Military Commission in national defense.

Armed force system: (1) Chinese People’s Liberation Army. (2) Chinese People’s Armed Police Force. (3) Militia

National defense mobilization system: The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated the requirement of “improving the national defense mobilization system and strengthening national defense mobilization construction”.

The national defense mobilization system is an important part of the national defense mobilization system. As an organizational system, it is the country's organizational system, institutional setup, division of responsibilities and mutual relationships regarding national defense mobilization. The functional status of the national defense mobilization system has a very important impact on enhancing the country's national defense mobilization capabilities.

Main contents: (1) Mobilization of armed forces. (2) Mobilization of the national economy. (3) Civil air defense mobilization. (4) National defense transportation mobilization.

(5) Political mobilization.

my country’s national defense policy: As a socialist country, our country’s national defense policy is defensive in nature and is to safeguard national security, maintain world peace, and oppose foreign aggression. In order to serve aggression, we strengthen national defense construction entirely for self-defense.

China adheres to the path of peaceful development and unswervingly pursues a defensive national defense policy. China's national defense is the security guarantee for national survival and development. Strengthening the modernization of national defense and the military, safeguarding national security and unity, and ensuring the smooth progress of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way are the main tasks of China's national defense. China's national defense policy is based on the country's fundamental interests and is subject to and serves the country's development strategy and security strategy. China has firmly grasped and made full use of the important strategic opportunity period in the first two decades of this century, adhered to the unity of development and security, strived to improve its national strategic capabilities, used diversified security means to respond to traditional and non-traditional security threats, and pursued national Comprehensive political, economic, military and social security.

3. Overview of national defense regulations: Features: (1) The military nature of the adjustment object. (2) The degree of transparency is limited. (3) The priority of judicial joint use. (4) Severity of punishment measures.

4. Introduction to the "National Defense Law of the People's Republic of China":

<1> Basic principles of national defense activities: ① Safeguard national interests. ②Unified leadership. ③Coordinated development. ④Independence. ⑤Active defense.

⑥National self-defense.

<2>National defense obligations and rights of citizens and organizations.

Article 50 It is the honorable obligation of citizens of the People's Republic of China to perform military service and join militia organizations in accordance with the law.

Military service agencies at all levels and grassroots people's armed forces should handle military service in accordance with the law, complete recruitment work in accordance with the orders of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and ensure the quality of soldiers. Other relevant state agencies, social groups, enterprises and institutions shall complete the militia and reserve work in accordance with the law, and assist the military service agencies in completing the recruitment work.

Article 54 Citizens and organizations have the right to make suggestions for national defense construction and the right to stop or report behaviors that endanger national defense.

Military service system:

1. Combination of compulsory soldiers and volunteers.

2. Combination of militia and reserve forces.

Usual collection:

1. Collection age. 2. The degree of collection. 3. Delay or no levy.

Student military training: Student military training is carried out in accordance with the Military Service Law and the National Defense Education Law. Organizing military training for students in colleges and high schools is an important measure to strengthen the construction of national defense reserve forces, an important measure to comprehensively promote school quality education and the national talent strategic project, and is also a way for young students to fulfill their military service obligations. At present, our country has 1,660 colleges and universities and 27,000 senior middle schools that carry out student military training every year, training 12 million students. Student military training has entered a stage of comprehensive popularization and shows a good momentum of development. Through military training, the ideals and beliefs of the majority of young students have become more firm, the concept of national defense and national security awareness have been further enhanced, the spirit of patriotism, collectivism and revolutionary heroism has been strengthened, organizational discipline has been continuously strengthened, will and quality have been honed, and the spirit of hard work and hard work has been strengthened. The simple style is promoted. In recent years, the number of young students requesting to join the party, join the army, and apply for national defense students has increased significantly. It is generally reflected from various places that student military training is a major event that benefits the country, the people, and the military, and its educational function cannot be replaced by any other form of education. The implementation of this work has aroused strong repercussions in society and has been generally welcomed by all walks of life. The promulgation of the "Regulations on Student Military Training" ensures that student military training work has laws and regulations to follow, and will definitely promote the standardization and institutionalization of student military training work.

National Defense Education Law: In order to popularize and strengthen national defense education, carry forward the spirit of patriotism, promote national defense construction and the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, this law is formulated in accordance with the National Defense Law and the Education Law.

The basic principle of the National Defense Education Law is to combine regular education with centralized education, universal education with key education, and theoretical education with behavioral education.

The policy of the National Defense Education Law is universal participation and long-term persistence. Pay attention to practical results.

The "National Defense Education Law" clearly stipulates the content and purpose of national defense education in Article 3: "The state enables citizens to enhance their awareness of national defense, master basic national defense knowledge, and learn necessary military skills, inspire patriotic enthusiasm, and consciously perform national defense obligations.

"National defense concept refers to people's understanding and attitude towards national defense; national defense knowledge refers to the basic theories and common sense about national defense; military skills training includes learning anti-atomic, anti-chemical, anti-biological weapons knowledge and the use of personal protective equipment, and civil air defense knowledge and battlefield rescue knowledge, carry out military training activities such as shooting, bombing, and assassination, as well as military sports such as cross-country, parachuting, gliding, sailing, and driving. Therefore, as a relatively independent and complete educational discipline, national defense education has a very high content. Rich. It can be said that all theories, knowledge, spirit, etc. related to national defense are components of national defense education. In terms of completeness and systematicity, national defense education mainly includes:

National defense theory: National defense theory education is a higher level of national defense education, which generally includes theories in three aspects: the status and role of national defense, the composition of national defense, and national defense construction.

National defense history: any country and nation. The history of China has both brilliant and tortuous aspects. The correct use of positive and negative historical experiences to educate future generations can inspire and inspire people to forge ahead. National defense history education is the most shocking and influential. .

National defense knowledge refers to some basic knowledge about national defense that citizens should understand, including national defense knowledge, such as the basic concepts of territory, territorial waters, and airspace, the importance and basic principles of defense, etc. The basic characteristics of modern warfare, the requirements for national wartime mobilization, as well as some knowledge on situational combat readiness, national defense construction, etc., such as the main responsibilities and tasks of the People's Liberation Army, the armed police force, the militia, and the reserve force, and national defense science knowledge.

National defense spirit. National defense spirit education is the core content of national defense education, which mainly includes three aspects: patriotism spirit education, martial spirit education and revolutionary heroism spirit education.

In addition, national defense legal system. , national defense science and technology, national defense economy, national defense diplomacy and situation, national defense sports, etc. are also important contents of national defense education. These contents of national defense education are interconnected, interpenetrated, and mutually reinforcing. The core of national defense education is patriotism education. The purpose of national defense education is to educate citizens. “Inspire patriotic enthusiasm and consciously perform national defense obligations. ”

5. National defense is in my heart.

In my heart, national defense is the foundation of a country, and national defense is a noble cause that every Chinese should regard as noble. People engaged in national defense are the most noble and great people in the world.

With the development of the times, science and technology are constantly developing, human beings are constantly progressing, and society has become more civilized. As the economy shrinks, people's lives are getting better and better, and their quality is getting higher and higher. Peace and development have become the themes of today's society. In many people's minds, national defense is only worthy of attention in war years. In this peaceful age. It seems redundant.

However, no matter how strong the economy is, it will be in vain because of the current hegemonism and the Gulf War. , Iraq, which used to be a prosperous and economically powerful country, can only be manipulated by others. Aren't Afghanistan and Yugoslavia in the past few years a living example? If they had their own strong national defense backing, they would still be manipulated by others. If the United States and other countries do not have strong national defense backing, can they provoke war wantonly?

Each of us has our own good wishes and grand plans, but the bullets of evil are still threatening us. Some countries and regions even threaten the peace of the world. Without them, the people's army shoulders the important task of building socialist modernization, and there will be no peaceful and stable development situation, and it will be impossible to fight hegemonism to the end; Life and property cannot be protected.

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