Confucius said, "Wise people enjoy water, while benevolent people enjoy Leshan; Wise people move, benevolent people are quiet; The wise are happy, and the benevolent will live longer "
Confucius said," The wise love water, while the benevolent love mountains; Wise people are active, benevolent people are quiet; The wise are happy, and the benevolent live long. "
Understanding
It is vivid and profound to describe the benevolent and wise with mountains and rivers. This is like Zhu Xi's discussion in the Analects of Confucius: "Without a profound understanding of benevolence and wisdom, you can never make such a description." The sage has both wisdom and benevolence, so the patent right for this description belongs to him.
a wise man is a wise man. Smart people are quick-witted and active in thinking through reason, and their disposition is active like water flowing continuously, so they use water to compare.
a benevolent person is also a kind person. A kind-hearted person is content with justice, kind and tolerant, but not impulsive, and has a quiet disposition, which is as steady as a mountain, so the mountain is used for comparison.
, when you ask the average person whether to enjoy water or Leshan, the answer is mostly that both mountains and rivers are happy. Because-
"water is the eye, and mountains are the eyebrows.
If you want to ask pedestrians which way to go, your eyebrows are shining. " (Wang Guan)
Mountains and rivers have their own merits, and benevolence is our pursuit. Even if we can't reach it, we should yearn for it.
of course, as far as the actual situation is concerned, everyone's temperament is different, and there are indeed differences between mountains and rivers. In other words, some people enjoy water and others enjoy Leshan.
"The green hills are endless, but the green waters will never grow." (Cui Hao)
Textual research on the pronunciation of the word "Le" in the sentence "The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan":
The word "Le" should be pronounced as "Yao". In the word "Le" in Wang Li's Dictionary of Ancient Chinese, the third pronunciation is: "yao, five teachings, going, rhyme, doubt. Medicine department. " Bet cloud: "like, love. "The Analects of Confucius":' The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan.' "This is reading" to "say.
however, should the word "le" really be pronounced "Yao"?
Lu Deming's Classic Interpretation in the Tang Dynasty says: "Music sounds' Yue', and five filial piety, the same below." To explain a little, the so-called "five filial piety" is an ancient pinyin method, and "anti" means "anti-cutting". Then the "five filial piety and rebellion" in Classic Interpretation is the same as the "five teachings" in Wang Li's Dictionary of Ancient Chinese. Classic Interpretation means that "Yue" is pronounced as "Yue", and it can also be pronounced as "Yao" of "Five Filial Pieties". "The same below" means that there are two words "Le" in the sentence "The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan" in The Analects of Confucius. The pronunciation of the first word "Le" has been explained, and the pronunciation of the second word below is the same as the first one.
In Classic Interpretation, the pronunciation of "Yao" is taken as the second choice, and the first pronunciation should be "Yue". So, what should we think about the pronunciation of this "Yao"?
In the Ming Dynasty, Qin Yue-zhi's "Notes on the Family of Cihu" said: "It is especially harmful to the Tao to listen to and interpret' Leshan' and' Le Shui', and to be filial and rebellious." It is pointed out that reading "Yue" as the "Yao" sound of "five filial piety and rebellion" is "especially harmful to Taoism", that is, I disagree with reading "Yao".
In the Textual Research on Four Books by Zhai Haozhi in the Qing Dynasty, it was said: "The word' Yue' should not be pronounced in this word, for fear that the Annotations might be incorrect. However, in The Book of Rites, the words "I can't be happy", "I respect my career" and "I have a good time", all of which are pronounced "Yue", so the first Confucianism has its own sound training. It is indeed suspicious to interpret the word' knowledge makes people happy' and' music', which is also a five-filial rebellion. "
Here are three sentences with "music" in the Book of Rites, and the word "music" in these three sentences was pronounced as "Yue" by previous Confucianists. Now that the ancient Confucianists have already made phonetic notation, it is really doubtful that the word "Le" in The Analects of Confucius is pronounced as the "Yao" sound of "Five Filial Piety". I am afraid that the Classic Interpretation itself is wrong.
from the above simple quotation, it can be seen that the word "music" in the Analects of Confucius, "the knower enjoys water and the benevolent enjoys Leshan", is also worthy of scrutiny. From the point of view of Confucian classics, it is basically certain that the word "Yue" should be pronounced correctly.
at the end of the article, let's say a few digressions. Why is it that "the knower enjoys water and the benevolent enjoys Leshan"? There is a cloud: "Those who know it will reach the truth and flow around without stagnation. They are similar to water, so they enjoy water. Benevolent people, content with righteousness and thick, are like mountains, so Leshan. " There are also those who introduce the theory of "five elements", saying: "Those who know belong to the soil, so they enjoy water; The benevolent belongs to wood, so Leshan. " Record these two statements for your reference.
therefore, whether to study le or yao is controversial and cannot be generalized.