The functions of the first paragraph of the narrative: 1. Description of the environment: point out the place and environment where the story takes place, lead to the following, and pave the way for the development of the plot below. 2. Others: start with the topic and set the emotional tone of the full text; The full text may lead to the following, paving the way for the development of the following plot. The functions of the first paragraph of the argumentative essay are: (1), to present the central argument; (2), to introduce the topic; for the above two aspects, specific answers should be given to the central argument or Specific ways to introduce the topic include famous quotes, celebrity anecdotes, anecdotes, jokes, etc.: Argument is an expression in which the author analyzes, comments, and persuades objective things to express his opinions, opinions, and attitudes. , usually consists of three parts: argument, argument, and demonstration. Argumentative essay topics are divided into topic, argument and moral types. Thesis type is the author's point of view but focuses on conciseness, so the central argument generally cannot be copied directly from the topic. Argument type generally does not have a point of view tendency, for example: The friendship between gentlemen is as light as water. The allegorical type generally coexists with the topic argument and cannot be directly used as the central argument to restore the original meaning. Language characteristics: ① Accurate and rigorous; ② Generality and conciseness; ③ Use rhetoric to reflect the clear, vivid and emotional use of words. An argumentative essay is a style of writing that analyzes and comments on an issue or something, and expresses one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions. The three elements of an argumentative essay are arguments, arguments, and arguments. It can be divided into three parts: what, why, and how. A thesis is a proposition to be proved. Logical expression: The language of argumentative essays must be accurate, clear, rigorous, and non-targeted. There should be very clear logical relationships between paragraphs, such as total score, comparison, layering, juxtaposition, etc. Use transitional statements to highlight this relationship. Such as: "have", "also", "although, but", "of course", "it is true", "therefore", etc. Thinking, especially argumentative essays, are meant to reward good and punish evil, to persuade and guide people, and to guide people. Therefore, they must be persuasive and have a correct value orientation. Taking political classes seriously and reading rational articles, famous sayings, etc. will improve our ideological quality and our cognitive ability, which will be of great benefit to our writing, especially argumentative essay writing. It will enrich the content of the article, deepen the idea of ??the article, and improve the persuasiveness. At the same time, we should pay attention to distinguishing arguments and sub-arguments: an argumentative essay has only one central argument, and sub-arguments are used to supplement or prove the central argument. Narrative is a literary form that focuses on recording people, narrating, describing scenes, and depicting objects, and describes the experiences of characters and the development and changes of things as its main content. Five expressions: Narrative: It is the art of expressing the process of time. Description: It is the art of showing the appearance of space. Argument: It is the art of reasoning to talk about opinions. Lyrical: It is the cathartic art of expressing and pouring out. Explanation: It is an art of informing that combines science and practicality. Five expressions need to be memorized, which are the basic skills for writing a good composition. Sentence pattern (mood): declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative. Declarative sentences: Declarative sentences are divided into affirmative declarative sentences and negative declarative sentences, referred to as affirmative sentences and negative sentences. Interrogative sentences: Interrogative sentences are a category divided according to the mood of the sentence. The biggest difference between it and declarative sentences, exclamatory sentences, and imperative sentences is its interrogative mood. Interrogative sentences ask something. There are four main types of questions: general questions, selective questions, special questions and rhetorical questions. Exclamatory sentences: Exclamatory sentences in Chinese belong to one of the four major sentence categories in Chinese (the other three categories are: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, and imperative sentences). Sentences with strong feelings. It expresses strong emotions such as happiness, surprise, sadness, disgust, fear, etc. Exclamatory sentences generally use falling intonation, and the end of the sentence is expressed with an exclamation point (!). Imperative sentences: Imperative sentences express requests, commands, suggestions, etc. Predicates and verbs should always be in the base form. Usually there is no subject in the sentence, and an exclamation point or period is used at the end of the sentence, with a falling intonation. Original publisher: HO Xiaolanqiu The function of the first paragraph 1. Get straight to the point. 2. Clues throughout the text. 3. The full text of the general officer. 4. Get readers to pay attention and think. 5. Arouse readers' interest in reading (story method, scene method) 6. If flashbacks are used, they can set up suspense. 7. If you use lyrics and poems to point out the topic. The functions of quoting poetry 1. Present a beautiful artistic conception. 2. Deepen the theme. 3. Cause the following. 4. Increase literary talent.

Summarizing the central idea and refining the main idea of ??the article 1. The concept of central idea In narrative articles, a certain point of view, understanding or thought and emotion expressed by the author by writing about people or describing scenery is the main idea of ??the article. (The author uses the words to express the main meaning and thoughts and feelings) 2. Test points 1. What is the purpose (center) of this article - direct investigation 2. Please summarize the central idea of ??this article - direct investigation 3. What inspiration does this article give you? Or inspiration - indirect inspection 4. Understand the key sentences (theme sentences) - indirect inspection 5. Understand the content of the title - indirect inspection 3. Refining and induction method 1. Start with the title of the article. 2. Start from the beginning and end of the article. Beginning - get straight to the point and express your heart. At the end of the article, highlight the topic and reveal the ambition (sentences with profound meaning) chapter by chapter. 3. Start with the writing background. 4. Start with the profound sentences in the article - lyrical discussion type (the finishing touch) 5. Start with the characters portrayed. 6. Start by summarizing the meaning of the paragraph or analyzing characters and events. 7. Analyze the details of the article and study the author's intention in handling the details. 8. Start by analyzing the materials. 4. Answer format 1. The central sentence of the narrative contains the main content of the narrative and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author. 2. The summary center is often expressed in the sentence pattern of "express...". "Express..." means to summarize the content of the article, and the language should be concise; "express..." means to summarize the author's position and point of view. ,emotion. (1) Narrative: This article narrates the story (deeds, processes, events) of... and shows the function of narrative: Writing techniques and functions? (1) Personification Technique Function: Give things human character, thoughts, feelings and actions to personify them, thereby achieving a vivid effect. (2) Metaphoric technique Function: describe things and explain principles vividly, concisely and concisely. (3) Exaggeration Function: Highlight the characteristics of people or things, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression. (4) Symbolism Function: Place specific meaning on the things described, express the emotion of..., and enhance the expressiveness of the article. (5) Contrast Technique Function: Through comparison, highlight the characteristics of things and better express the theme of the article. (6) Set off (side foil) technique Function: Use secondary people or things to set off the main people or things, highlighting the characteristics, character, thoughts, feelings, etc. of the main people or things. (7) Satire Techniques Function: Use metaphors, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things, strengthen the profundity and criticality, and make the language pungent and humorous. (8) To promote before suppressing. Function: first belittle and then vigorously praise the object being described. The context forms a contrast and highlights the object being written, thus achieving an unexpectedly touching effect. (9) Echoing before and after (echoing from beginning to end) Function: to make the plot complete, the structure rigorous, and the center prominent. (10) Setting up suspense Function: to attract readers' attention and thinking, arouse readers' interest in reading, and make the plot of the article twists and turns 13. Rhetorical methods and functions (1) Metaphor: describe things and explain truths vividly, concisely and concisely. (2) Personification: endow things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions to personify them, thereby achieving a vivid effect. (3) Exaggeration: highlight features, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression. (4) Parallelism: clear organization, distinctive rhythm, enhanced momentum, and good at lyricism. (5) Duality: Neat form, harmonious phonology, setting off and complementing each other. (6) Repetition: Emphasis on a certain meaning, strong lyricism, and full of appeal. (7) Ask questions: Ask and answer yourself to attract attention and inspire thinking. (8) Rhetorical question: Have a clear attitude, strengthen the tone, and be strongly lyrical. Note: It must be analyzed in conjunction with relevant statements. 14. What are the meanings and functions of specific words? Method: Connect the original meaning of the word, explain its meaning in the text (extended meaning, metaphorical meaning, pun), and find out the specific content it refers to (make the unclear clear; restore metaphors and symbols). Format: The word "××" originally refers to..., here it refers to..., and plays the role of... 15. Sentence meaning? Grasp the keyword, analyze its characteristics and meaning, and explain it in context.

(Same method as above) 16. What is the structural role of sentences? (1) To carry on the previous part (2) To open and lead the following part (lead to the following part) (3) To connect the previous part and the next part (transition) (4) To pave the way for the following part (5) To echo the previous part (beginning) 17. Expression? Narrative, discussion, explanation, lyricism, description 18. What is the role of argument in narrative writing? It triggers readers to think, points out the meaning of characters or events, highlights the center, sublimates the theme, and plays the finishing touch. 19. What is the role of lyricism in narrative writing? Express the author's sincere and deep emotions, arouse the readers' emotional response, and make the article highly contagious. 20. Types and functions of description? (1) Portrait description (2) Appearance description (3) Expression description (4) Action description (5) Language (dialogue) description (7) Psychological description (8) Scenery description (9) Scene description (10) Environment description (11) ) Detailed description The role of scene description: (1) Explain the background (2) Promote the development of the plot (3) Exaggerate the atmosphere (4) Highlight the character's personality (5) Set off the character's mood 25. Types and functions of environment? (1) Natural environment: explain the time and place where the story takes place and the space where the characters move, and set off the mood of the characters. (2) Social environment: explain the social background and characteristics of the times in which the event occurred, highlight the characters' personalities, and promote the development of the plot. The functions of the explanatory text: (1) Structure and content functions: lead to the following, connect the previous and the following, and summarize the full text/previous text. Sometimes at the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of introducing the object of explanation/explaining the matter. (2) Talk in conjunction with explanation methods. Through the explanation method of..., it explains... (characteristics or reasons of things), so as to explain... (function). The role of argumentative essays: The role of analytical argumentation methods: two key points. The details are as follows: ①. Argument with examples: Demonstrate by citing specific examples to make the argument more specific and convincing. Format: Use the argumentation method of example, give... (summarize examples) to prove... (if there are sub-arguments, write the sub-arguments it proves, otherwise write the central argument), thereby making the argument more specific and convincing force. ②. Logical argument: Prove the argument in a logical way to make the argument more general and in-depth. Format: Use the argumentation method of theoretical argumentation to demonstrate the point of view, thereby making the argument more general and in-depth. ③. Metaphorical argument: Prove through metaphors to make the argument vivid and easy to understand. Format: Use the argumentation method of metaphorical argument, compare... to..., prove the point of view of..., and thus explain the abstract and profound truth vividly and easily understandable. ④. Comparative argument: The function of contrastive argument is to highlight. Format: Use the argumentation method of contrastive argument, compare... with..., and highlight the point of view of... ⑤. Citation argument: Citation argument is more complex, which is related to the specific citation materials. There are various situations such as quoting famous quotes, aphorisms, authoritative data, anecdotes of famous people, jokes and anecdotes, etc. Its role must be analyzed in detail. For example, quoting celebrity quotes, aphorisms, and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; quoting celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read on. Format: Use the argumentation method of citation argument to prove the point of view by citing... to make the argument more convincing. (Or more interesting to attract readers to read on) 2. Analyze the types and functions of arguments: Arguments can be divided into two types: theoretical arguments and factual arguments. There are two key points in answering the question: (1) Clarify the type of argument; (2) , specific analysis effect. The essence of this question is to examine the relationship between arguments and arguments. Whether it is the relationship between the central argument and the sub-arguments, it is the relationship between proof and being proved. Therefore, the normative answer format is as follows: This is...the argument starts from the text. With proof... (Argument, if there are sub-arguments, write the sub-arguments it proves, otherwise write the central argument.) Supplementary arguments are becoming popular as a new question type. When doing this type of question, pay attention to the following two aspects: (1) Clearly understand the type of evidence that is required to be supplemented, that is, whether it is a famous quote or an example; (2) When supplementing celebrity examples, pay attention to the word limit. Of course, as a test preparation, you can prepare famous examples and famous quotes on common themes such as "diligence" and "conduct". The number of words in the famous quotes should be small, and the things should be familiar. Do not prepare longer quotes or unfamiliar celebrity examples just for the sake of novelty.

The functions of the first paragraph of the narrative: 1. Environmental description: point out the place and environment where the story takes place, lead to the following, and pave the way for the development of the following plot. 2. Others: start with the topic, establish the emotional tone of the full text; lead the full text or lead to the following, The functions of the first paragraph of the argumentative essay to pave the way for the development of the following plot are: 1) to present the central argument; (2) to introduce the topic; in the above two aspects, specific answers should be given to the specific methods of presenting the central argument or introducing the topic, and some are Through famous quotes, some through celebrity anecdotes, some through anecdotes and jokes, etc. You can refer to the following examples of specific answer standard formats to use or adapt them: ①. At the beginning, by writing examples of..., put forward the central argument... (or lead... ②. At the beginning, by citing famous quotes, put forward the central argument... (or lead to the topic of...). ③ At the beginning, by quoting interesting anecdotes of famous people (or anecdotes of...), put forward the central argument... (or lead to... ...thesis), it also plays a role in attracting readers to read further and enhances the interest of the discussion. It is useless and can be deleted