Introduction to Design/Modern Art Design Series Textbooks 1. Morris emphasized that the basic principles of design are: product design and architectural design serve thousands of people in Qian Qian, not the activities of a few people; Design work must be a collective activity, not individual labor. These principles were carried forward in the later modernist design. Many young British designers imitated Morris's way and organized their own design offices, which were called "guilds", thus starting a real design movement, which was called "Arts and Crafts Movement" in history. The design purpose and style of these design firms are very close to Morris's. They all oppose the artificial Victorian style, the design privilege, the characteristics of machinery and industrialization, and strive to revive the simplicity, elegance and unity of the medieval handicraft combination. The arts and crafts movement initiated by Morris spread all over Europe and America, which prompted Odin to produce another new design movement-"Art Nouveau Movement". Art Nouveau is essentially Morris's work; Second, the continuation of the art movement is a refutation of the lack of design of industrialized products at that time. They strongly oppose the artificial Victorian decorative style, and advocate that the new decorative art should turn to nature and learn the theme and quality of decoration from nature. This movement involves many artistic categories, including architecture, furniture, products, jewelry, clothing, graphic design, book binding, layout design, painting, sculpture, etc., and lasted for more than 65,438+00 years, which is also the first time in the history of modern design. In addition, in the 1920s and 1930s, France, the United States, Britain and other capitalist developed countries set off a "decorative art movement", the purpose of which was to meet the requirements of mechanical production and pay more attention to the decorative design of mechanical products in a decorative way. Trying to make mechanical products have beautiful and noble effects through decorative design is actually the product of alienation of Art Nouveau movement. (II) Principles and System of Modern Design Education Founded by Bauhaus As mentioned above, Bauhaus was a design school established in Weimar, Germany in 19 19, and was also the first school in the world to implement modern design education, with a complete design education purpose and teaching system. The first headmaster was Gropes. Bauhaus wrote a glorious page in the history of design, which advocated the new spirit of combining art with science and technology, founded the basic principles and methods of art design education in the industrialized era, developed the new style of modern design, pointed out the correct direction for industrial design, and had important enlightenment for the development of modern design. It can be said that Bauhaus is an important milestone in the history of industrial design, modern architecture and modern art, and a symbol of the establishment of modern design as a discipline. Gropes is the founder of Bauhaus and the spiritual leader and incarnation of Bauhaus. He is a pioneer of German modernist design, Peter? Baehrens' design firm is engaged in design, and Baehrens advocates adopting new materials, new structures and creating new functions in buildings, which has a great influence on Gropes. Three years later, he founded his own design company. The first important design is the workshop, interior, furniture and articles design of Fagers Shoe Factory. According to the production demand of the factory, he adopted a large number of glass curtain walls and corner steel window structures, making the factory building the earliest glass curtain wall structure in the world, with excellent performance and beautiful and modern shape. 19 15, he drew up a plan to establish a design school. 19 19 On the first day of school, he published the Bauhaus Declaration, the purpose of the school. He called on architects, sculptors and painters to turn to practical art. "Let's establish a new artist organization. In this organization, at the same time, let's create a new future hall integrating architecture, sculpture and painting, and stand it in the clouds with the hands of millions of artists, becoming a distinctive symbol of a new belief." The core of Gropes' school-running thought is to adhere to the integration and unity of art and handicraft, science and technology, and he put forward three principles in design concept: ① to adhere to the new unity of art and technology; ② The purpose of design is people, not products; ③ Design must follow the laws of nature and objectivity. In the teaching structure, he combined the apprenticeship of handicraft teaching with artistic practice, that is, the workshop and the classroom. It has become an important experience of modern design education to let students master and understand the relationship between technology and technology, such as material technology texture, and the creative education of process training through the manual technology education of process technicians, and to form a complete, unified and reasonable design education model. Bauhaus was founded around 19 19 to 1933 and was closed by the Nazis. It concentrated the advanced design ideas and experiences of European countries in the early 20th century, such as the de stijl movement in the Netherlands and the constitutionalism movement in the former Soviet Union, and further developed and improved on the basis of the German industrial alliance, becoming the cradle of modern design movement. (/detail/product-more.asp？ Prodid = zhbk950907 & ampc = book abstracts and. k = 223974 & ampuid=)