Biyo: three to one method
The famous writer Biyo has to go through three comparisons in reading: first, compare famous books with non-famous books. As the saying goes, "I don't know", if you just read a book,
Famous works are not compared with non-famous works. I don't know where the "name" of famous works is. Where is the high artistic level of famous works? Where is the profound theme of the famous works? Where is the ingenious conception of the famous works? What's the use of holding a treasure that you can't recognize in your hand? Similarly, famous books can't recognize their essence in front of them. How can we absorb their nutrition? Only by comparing famous works with non-famous works can we see the obvious advantages of famous works in subject matter, characters, structure and language. Second, compare famous books with famous books. "Ten fingers can't be flat", even if they are all masterpieces, there will be high and low points. You can read the same theme, the same genre or other similar classics, and you can also read the classics with similarities between China and foreign countries, so that you can distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of each famous book, choose the best one to absorb, and then suck.
Take the essence of the essence.
Third, compare the works of famous writers in the early and late periods. A famous writer is not necessarily a masterpiece. Even literary giants like Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun and Ba Jin have a process of development in thought and maturity in art. Comparing the works of famous writers before and after, the writer's growth process will be clear, from which many regular things can be realized, which has certain reference significance for young people who are determined to take the literary road.
Three-ratio method is Bi Yue's reading method and his success.
Wang: Triple method.
Some young people who love literature often ask me how to gain a lot from reading. I said, look at the reading method of contemporary writer Wang, it will certainly inspire you. When Wang was young, he liked reading literary works very much and read them carefully. For famous masterpieces, I prefer to persuade my husband; Not once, but three times when I first read it, I read it as an ordinary reader, so that I can completely enter the artistic realm of the book and enjoy the magnificent artistic beauty.
The second time I saw it, I saw it as an art connoisseur and made a strict analysis of the works. No matter how big the masterpiece is, it is unceremoniously "dismembered" and then every artistic part is judged. To put it more vividly, just like a machine gunner disassembling a gun, carefully study the performance, manufacturing method and relationship of each part. Through this analysis of various artistic parts, we can learn from the artistic techniques and writing skills of the works.
The third time, I read it as a literary author, mainly from an objective point of view.
The ability of economists to master a work (or an article) is to study the overall design of the work. Wang's reading method is effective and can improve his writing ability quickly.
His own experience is an obvious example. He is not engaged in literary creation, but
Engaged in the underground work of the party, and later, out of the need of revolutionary struggle, he picked up a pen and began to write. Because he is good at reading, absorbing the artistic nutrition of famous works, and has a solid literary foundation, he has made extraordinary efforts to write a number of works with high ideological and artistic quality, such as New Friends and Summer Night, which have won a reputation in the literary world and become a well-known contemporary writer.
Of course, Wang's "three times method" is not a mechanical and absolute three times reading. some
Mediocre works, he read it once, and some particularly wonderful works with really high artistic achievements, not only three times, four times, five times, many times, but also repeatedly pondering and pondering.
White Night: Double Ten Method
Bai Ye, a famous journalist, recalled his reading life and said, "When I was in middle school, I was exposed to too many books. I have to read quickly to finish. I remember,
I finished reading Robinson Crusoe in half a day. It was really a cursory tour. The ancients could read ten lines at a glance, and I think I can read ten lines at a glance, so I feel very happy. Therefore, I like to read ten lines at a time and read many books.
"As I get older, I gradually find that some books read quickly and don't really understand. I must read them carefully. No, read it again, read it again; Watch it twice. No, read it three times.
Some books should even be read frequently, and the more you read, the more you read. I have read Du's Classic five times. I have read Montesquieu's Persian letters five times. I have watched Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions seven times. And so on. Naturally, some books need to be read for a lifetime.
"It's relatively easy to know what the book says. However, it will take time to turn the wealth in the book into your own. For example, I put the books together and retell an episode in the book, only the general idea; If you repeat it in detail, it is not as wonderful as the book. In other words, I still have a long way to go with books. To shorten this distance, you have to read carefully.
"However, there are so many books that we can't just bury ourselves in reading a few books and read more. In a word, we should have more and more knowledge, but less but better. My reading experience is that you should read more than ten lines and less than ten lines. "
The reading method of "one eye and ten lines" and "ten eyes and one line" in White Night fully embodies the dialectical relationship between erudition and accuracy, which is comprehensive and thoughtful and worth emulating.
"One eye and ten lines" can read widely, and "ten eyes and one line" can read masterpieces intensively. As for what books are "ten lines and one eye" and "ten lines and one eye", you can decide according to your own needs, and there is no need to force unity.
Zheng Liu: I trust the horse.
Many people think reading is hard work, but in the eyes of poet and essayist Liu Zheng, reading is as relaxed and happy as a spring outing.
He said, "I can't read, so I just look through it, just like a horse wandering." Sometimes.
Purposefully and deliberately looking for something, sometimes aimlessly, just browsing, secretly looking at something interesting, and reading it all at once. The former, like exploring plum blossoms in a lonely mountain, travels through many paths in the mountains. The purpose is just to enjoy the plum blossoms. The latter is like an outing in spring, flowers or grass. You can watch it for a while if you like. "
Please see, "exploring plum blossoms in the lonely mountain" and "outing in the spring suburbs", what a beautiful realm! It's simply wonderful.
So what is the specific method of "Tuoma Wandering"? Liu Zheng said: "If you just flip through it, there will naturally be more than one book; Even a book in hand may not be read from beginning to end, sometimes only a few pages or even a few words are read; Sometimes read forward and backward from the back; Sometimes I just appreciate printed fonts and illustrations. Just flip through, you can use scattered time. I usually lie in bed after taking a nap at noon, or have a cup of tea on the sofa before going to bed at night. Needless to say, you don't need to pay attention to the reading method if you just flip through it. Writing notes and copying cards all depend on the word' whatever'. If you come across a text that you feel sorry for and lose it casually, you might as well put a piece of paper on it. If it is a book with a bad version, you may wish to fold the pages as notes. "
Will there be any gains from such reading? Yes Liu Zheng believes that not only are there gains, but most of them are unexpected. It will be of great help to professional research, article writing, art appreciation and even life cultivation, and it is an indispensable supplement. He said with deep understanding: "I have benefited more from casual reading than from serious study." After turning it over, the brain becomes a grocery stall, which is very rich in varieties and colors. What can be used is handy. "
Of course, blind reading does not exclude planned reading. Liu Zheng advocated: "Planned reading and random reading should not be neglected." Beginners should focus on the former, and with the development of learning, it is advisable to browse more and more casually. "
Cao: Bookkeeping method
Cao, a senior reporter and essayist of Jinghua Daily, has a precious little notebook that has been recorded for decades. He has had an indissoluble bond with books since his youth. In addition to taking some reading notes when reading, he also has a habit that every book he reads is recorded in a special book, with the date of reading in front, the title, author and nationality in the middle, and the number of words in the back.
It has been more than 30 years since 1957, and he has always remembered this year. In his spare time, he also opens this little book and browses back and forth. Gradually, he realized that this method of recording books was very beneficial. He said:
"First, at the end of each year, I will open this little notebook to see what books I have read, how many words I have read, what books I am eager to read, and what books I am reading at hand. You can also make a comparison with the previous year, whether I read more or less, and think about why I read more or less. At the beginning of the new year, it's time to read books that you want to read but have no time to read. This is both a summary of the past year and a reminder of the new year.
"Second, such a short reading record can tell me how many famous books I have read at home and abroad, and even what kind of environment I read it on a certain day, a certain year, and I can recall the scene at that time. This little book can also urge me: there are still some famous books that I need to read quickly.
Thirdly, it can tell me which issue is unplanned reading and which issue is the real "Han Xin".
"Type random warrior, which book is which book. Anyway, it's good to open books! Not really. Some books are not good after reading. Similarly, it can tell me when to study in a planned way, such as 196 1, and when to systematically read the complete works of Shakespeare's plays and his sonnets from May to June. This made me understand Shakespeare, the social outlook he described and the important position of his works in the history of English literature.
"Fourth, I can learn about my diligence in reading, especially the reading of records.
In those years when there were few books, I had to think: what caused this? Of course, we can't emphasize that we are busy with our work. We can only say that we can't squeeze in time and can't spare time, so we unconsciously throw away sporadic time. I warned myself: there is relaxation, laziness, vigilance and caution! "After reading a book, it is not difficult to write down an account, but unfortunately, many of us did not think of it, or although we thought of it, we have done it before, but we failed to stick to it. It is a pity. Comrade Cao's experience shows that keeping a pen "reading account"
There are so many benefits, so why not?
Zhuang Zhiming: Selection method
Zhuang Zhiyi, a contemporary children's literature writer, always seems to be particularly interested in reading. Recalling his childhood reading life, he said: "I have been a book fan since I was a child. When I was in junior high school, I bought a lot of comic books and books about chivalrous heroes with the pocket money I saved. As a result, my composition is still not well written. My Chinese teacher told me that to buy books, it is best to buy literary masterpieces, which will have a lifetime of preservation value, because literary masterpieces are fine works in the literary treasure house and have profound social and far-reaching significance.
The artistic appeal can shape Zhi Tao's noble sentiment and beautiful mind. Engels, for example, once praised Balzac's "Human Comedy" as an outstanding French bourgeois social history, and said that he learned more knowledge from it than he did from historians, economists and statisticians of all professions at that time. In middle school, Engels used Faust written by Goethe as an example to motivate himself to pursue the truth. "
Zhuang Zhiming was inspired by the words of the Chinese teacher. From then on, he read famous books according to the bibliography given to him by the teacher, and the wooden box for storing clothes became a treasure chest of books. It contains the works of lev tolstoy, Gorky, Shakespeare, Balzac, Andersen, Tagore, Luo Guanzhong, Shi Naian, Cao Xueqin, Lu Xun, Ba Jin and other literary masters. Shu spent a wonderful middle school time with Zhuang's lightness. Zhuang Zhiming started from reading, then wrote his own books, and later became a well-known children's literature writer.
Zhuang Zhiming realized a truth from his reading experience: read selectively when reading; Selective reading should be studied as a science. He also told young friends that reading can be chosen from three aspects:
First, distinguish what is a good book and what is a bad book; Read good books, not bad ones. As belinsky said, "It is better not to read a book that is not suitable for you." Young people should pay special attention to resisting the erosion of pornographic books and periodicals.
Second, distinguish between what is required reading, what is readable and what is not read.
Books. As Goethe said, "concentrate on what is valuable and throw away everything that is bad and inappropriate for you."
Third, distinguish which books need intensive reading and which books only need browsing, and get a general understanding. just as
Bacon said: "Some knowledge can only be tasted. Some knowledge only needs a rough understanding. Only a few professional knowledge needs in-depth and meticulous study. Therefore, some books can only be read in part, and some books only know the outline. For a few good books, we should read them intensively, carefully and repeatedly. "
Remember pearls: the way to connect inside and outside.
The writer remembers Pearl's reading life, which makes him feel interesting. This is what he said to others:
"In the Song Dynasty, someone wrote a poem" Reading at Four Seasons ".There are two sentences in the poem:' A good bird is a friend, and a fallen flower is an article.' Of course, I can't help reading books written in words, but I prefer reading natural books written without words. A leaf fell and hit my forehead, like smelling a stick and drinking, and suddenly I felt very spacious and bright in my heart. No matter I don't understand the classics of mountains and seas or even all kinds of classics, I am still very lucky to read the' heavenly book'-'wordless heavenly book'. "
Recall what Pearl called "a wordless heavenly book", that is, a great book of the world and life society. He said that others like to go to bookstores and libraries, and I like to go shopping in vegetable markets, shops and stalls. Because these places are full of articles, even big articles. In the small-scale trade of vegetables and radishes, we can also know that people are talking about the world in the words of children in the streets.
Yi Mingzhu also said: "Reading is fun; Reading foreign books is also very interesting. My reading pleasure is outside the book, and the music inside the book and the music outside the book are open. "
Looking back on Mingzhu's view of reading, there are two main meanings: one is to read not only books with characters,
Also read the wordless book of social practice; Second, books should be closely linked with social practice, so that they can be integrated (that is, "get through the inside and outside of books").
Books are knowledge accumulated and recorded by predecessors or contemporaries according to their own social practice.
It is indirect knowledge and limited. The human society in nature is a huge treasure house of knowledge, which is inexhaustible. Only by constantly understanding nature and society in practice can scientific and cultural undertakings continue to develop and society continue to progress. It is not enough for a young man to read only and not understand society. Besides, if he studies hard and doesn't know how to combine book knowledge with social practice, what's the use of reading?