introduction of cubism
cubism began in France in 198. Cubist artists pursue the form of fragmentation, analysis and recombination, forming a separated picture-taking many combined fragments as the goal for artists to show. Artists describe the object from many angles and put it in the same picture to express the most complete image of the object. The overlapping of various angles of objects creates many vertical and parallel line angles, and the scattered shadows make the cubist picture have no illusion of three-dimensional space caused by the perspective method of traditional western painting. The background and the theme of the picture are alternately interspersed, so that the cubist picture creates a two-dimensional painting feature.
The main features of cubism
Artists who are constantly seeking innovation, Braque and Picasso, are looking for new expression modes of themes and spaces in paintings. They got Paul? Cezanne and George? Sula, Iberian sculpture, African tribal art (even if Braque refutes this statement), and the influence of Fauvism. Cubist painters accepted P Cezanne's idea of creating visual stereoscopic images, and then turned to the pursuit of psychological stereoscopic images. Cubist artists pursue the form of fragmentation, analysis and recombination, forming a separated picture-taking many combined fragments as the goal for artists to show. Artists describe the object from many angles and put it in the same picture to express the most complete image of the object. The overlapping of various angles of objects creates many vertical and parallel line angles, and the scattered shadows make the cubist picture have no three-dimensional illusion caused by the perspective method of traditional western painting. The background and the theme of the picture are alternately interspersed, so that the cubist picture creates a two-dimensional painting feature.
Cubism is different from other artistic movements such as futurism. It has nothing to express its own creative program? Manifesto? , leaving only a few scattered remarks. Cubist painters have no systematic theoretical guidance, but everyone explores according to their own ideas. Picasso said: I want to paint according to my imagination, not according to what I see. ? Braque also said:? The painter does not want to constitute an anecdote, but to create a painting fact. ? In the early works of cubism, only gray tones were used. Due to the use of neutral colors, the whole space does not seem to be particularly forward or backward. The concept of cubism has also gone through a process of development and change. It has experienced three periods in its development: Cezanne period from 197 to 199; The period of analytical cubism from 199 to 1912. First, they broke the traditional painting method that can only be expressed according to a fixed viewpoint, and then arranged on the same painting plane. With the development of exploration, they found this? Analysis? Often make the picture lose its original shape more and more, and fall into an abstract shape. So from 1912 to 1914, they entered? Comprehensive cubism? During the period, his viewpoint was: don't describe the external form of objective objects, but introduce objective objects into painting, so as to integrate the figurative objects themselves with the abstract structural form.
Although cubist paintings don't seem to be? Stereo? And it is difficult to understand the relationship between objects and images, but they think that the three-dimensional space drawn by traditional realistic techniques is? Realism? Is false. Howgate, a theorist who defended them, said: It's a scam to draw an ellipse when the cup is round, and it's also a scam when it's near big and far small. ? This specious? Theory? , actually? Arguing irrationally . Because the perspective changes in vision are determined by the special structure of the eyeball, it is according to this specific organ that human beings correctly understand the world. Although it seems that the distant building is smaller than the books in your hand, everyone knows that the distant building is much bigger, and it can even be estimated how many times bigger it is. However, Cubism has re-created a method of understanding objects, generally speaking, it combines the impressions of objects from up, down, left, right, front and back on one plane. Early stage? Cubism of analysis? Works, like pasted paper-cuts, later? Comprehensive cubism? Works, like stacked broken glass. The early cubist theorist Gracis said:? As much as the eyes can see, there are many phenomena in the object, and as much understanding as there is in the brain, there is much substance in the matter. ? This is entirely centered on the painter's personal subjectivity, with personal? Understanding in your head? To replace the laws of the objective world itself. He added:? Painting should use its own language to control and guide the audience, not to make them understand. ? So is there any clear principle of cubism in artistic expression? They want to use it? Control? And? Guidance? The audience? Language? What is the basis? Grammar? And? People ask Braque, the founder of this painting school, the French Chinese painter. The cubist painter replied:? I'd rather make it vague than make it clearer. ? Far from making people feel happy, it is to confuse them. ? When Cubism prevailed in 1911, a group of young artists who worshipped new tricks visited Picasso. A young man carefully asked the stereoscopic master whether to draw people's feet in a round or square way according to the cubist principle. Picasso replied in an authoritative tone. There are no feet in nature! ? So fashionable young people just woke up from a big dream and flew away happily with this famous saying.
the main influence of cubism
the main feature of cubism creation is to destroy and dismember all the images of objects on the screen, and then subjectively piece together and combine them in order to show different sides of objects in a so-called three-dimensional way. It is to show two-dimensional and three-dimensional space on the plane, and even show the structure and time (four-dimensional space) invisible to the naked eye. Contrary to the wild fauvism, it represents a rational tendency to it. It is believed that impressionist and fauvism paintings are all imitating nature and are basically expressive works of art. Its significance lies in the new concept of space processing, which is actually the direct source of the abstract and non-figurative painting schools that dominated the art in the 2th century. Compared with the romantic characteristics of expressionist style, cubist style can be said to be classical and formalistic.
Cubism is a movement and painting school with great influence in western modern art and abroad. His artistic pursuit is directly related to Cezanne's artistic view. Cubist painters themselves claimed:? Whoever understands Cezanne understands cubism. . They try hard to reduce the descriptive and expressive elements of their works and try to organize a geometric picture structure. Although their works still maintain a certain degree of concreteness, fundamentally speaking, their goals are quite different from objective reproduction. They developed a so-called from Cezanne? Simultaneous video? The painting language combines different images of objects from multiple angles on the same image in the painting. Painters have created a new artistic technique and language to collage pictures with real objects, which further strengthens the texture changes of pictures and puts forward the question of what is reality and illusion between nature and painting. Cubism is a painting style, but it also has a far-reaching impact on sculpture and architecture in the 2th century.
although cubism is extremely hated by the world, it is of epoch-making significance after all. It has become the source of inspiration for many painters in the coming decades and a sign of breaking up with tradition. The vigorous and fruitful movement is inseparable from close cooperation with Picasso and Braque. Cubism has a strong formalism tendency under the slogan of anti-tradition. Although the Cubism Art Movement reached its peak for only seven years, it had an extremely wide influence. The exploration of Cubism in artistic form influenced artists all over Europe in the first decade of the 2th century, and inspired a series of artistic reform movements, such as futurism, structuralism and expressionism, which were especially reflected in the promotion of modern arts and crafts, decorative arts, architectural arts and other practical arts fields that paid attention to formal beauty.
the development stage of cubism
(1) The Cezanne period from 197 to 199, that is, the early development stage, was the gestation and initial stage of cubism. Painters in this period mainly seek simple geometric forms, give up light and color analysis and pursue object forms;
(2) The period of analytical cubism from 199 to 1912. First, they broke the traditional painting method that can only be expressed according to a fixed viewpoint, and then arranged on the same painting plane. However, they still only pay attention to the decomposition of the form, but not to the overall reorganization, and the color is relatively single.
(3) the period of comprehensive cubism from 1912 to 1914. With the development of exploration, they found this? Analysis? Often make the picture lose its original form more and more, and fall into an abstract form. So from 1912 to 1914, they entered? Comprehensive cubism? During this period, painters began to pay attention to the overall effect of the picture, instead of just emphasizing the partial decomposition. The colors are gradually enriched, and the form of things is re-valued. Their point of view is: don't describe the external form of objective objects, but introduce objective objects into painting, so as to combine the object itself with the abstract structural form.
Cubist painters' exploration originated from Cezanne's theory and creative practice. They put Cezanne's? Do you want to use cylinders, spheres and cones to express nature? This sentence is in front of the ideal pursued by his own art. In essence, this is a reflection of the social reality of industrial civilization and machine age in the early 2th century in the painter's spirit.
Picasso once said: When we engage in cubism, we do not intend to engage in cubism, but to express what we have. ? Braque admitted:? Cubism, or rather my cubism, is a means I created and used to make painting conform to my talent. ? The combination of their two temperaments, and through the efforts of Grice and Leger, reunited them, which formed a dynamic cubism. The emergence of cubism painting method has gone through a brewing process. After post-impressionism and symbolism, young artists are generally concerned about how to innovate forms to express people's inner emotions and psychology in the rapidly changing industrial society. New schools have appeared in France, Germany, Italy and Russia. In France, after the rise of animism, another group of writers and artists often lived in Monmarte? Mobile laundry room? Party. Picasso, Braque, M. Laurent Sen, G? Apollinaire, a? Salmon, m? Renard, j? Grice, f? Lege, etc. They were supported by an art dealer, D.-H. Carnweiler, who opened a gallery in Paris in 197, which is known as the Cubist Society. Delaune and Glades also participated in cubism activities. In 191, a new cubist society was established with J. Veron as the center. Because of its frequent activities in Pito, France, it was called Pito Group. Dutch painter p? J de Rivera in mondriaan and Mexico are also connected with Pito Group. They endowed the analytical cubism with order and rules, thus promoting the cubism to develop in a more abstract and subjective direction. Since 1912, Picasso and others have conducted comprehensive cubist experiments. In the broken and transparent structure of analytical cubism, there is still a strong light and a sense of space. Painters concentrate the objects observed in different states and different viewpoints on a single plane, resulting in an overall experience effect. Comprehensive cubism no longer starts from dissecting and analyzing a certain object, but creates a new motif by combining a variety of different materials, and tries to make the artist close to the ordinary truth in life by means of physical collage.
Although the Golden Section Society, as a branch of cubism, continued to hold exhibitions in 192 and 1925, cubism, as an art movement, lost its vitality as early as 1914.
Cubism is an artistic school full of ideas. It mainly pursues the beauty of a geometric form and the aesthetic feeling produced by the arrangement and combination of forms. It denies the traditional method of observing and expressing things from one viewpoint, and reduces the three-dimensional picture to a plane and two-dimensional picture. The interest of light and shade, light, air and atmosphere gives way to the interest and mood of contours and blocks piled up and staggered by straight lines and curves. We don't look at things from one viewpoint, but shape what we observe and understand from different viewpoints in the picture, thus showing the continuity of time. In doing so, obviously, we don't mainly rely on visual experience and perceptual knowledge, but mainly rely on rationality, ideas and thinking.
Cubism has a strong formalism tendency under the slogan of anti-tradition. However, its exploration in artistic form has greatly promoted modern arts and crafts, decorative arts, architectural arts and other practical art fields that pay attention to formal beauty.
Cubist painters don't have systematic theoretical guidance, but everyone explores according to their own ideas. Picasso said: I want to paint according to my imagination, not according to what I see. ? Braque also said:? The painter does not want to constitute an anecdote, but to create a painting fact. ?
Cubism is also the inevitable development of art itself. In traditional painting, painting only according to the objective nature shows only one part and one side of nature. With the changes of modern life of modern people: objectivity and microcosmic, speed and changeability, and the restriction of machines on people, it requires painting to show such diversity and complexity; Plato's view of geometric beauty in ancient Greece and Cezanne's view of deliberately describing the structure and eternity of things, combined with the enlightenment of African black sculpture, led to the emergence of cubism art.