2. Confucius, learning while learning, was an aristocrat in the Song Dynasty, and later declined. When he was three years old, his father died, and his mother took him to Qufu, the capital of Lu, not far from Qiaoyi, and lived a poor life. Lu was recognized as the cultural center at that time, and it preserved many ancient Shang and Zhou cultures, only Song Like. There are enough ceremonies, such as marriage, death and ancestor worship. Of course, the poor can't say this, but from kings, princes and doctors to ordinary slave owners and wealthy families, they all pay special attention to this. They think it is a good opportunity to show off their wealth. Whenever there is a big wedding or funeral, they will hire a group of people to hold the ceremony. People who were engaged in this profession at that time were called Confucianism. Influenced by this ancient culture since childhood, Confucius learned a lot of ancient etiquette. Even when playing games, he often used small pieces of wood as sacrifices and small clay balls as offerings to practice ancient etiquette, and he always enjoyed it and developed into a political proposition of governing the country with courtesy. Therefore, later generations called the doctrine advocated by Confucius Confucianism.
3, a threesome, there must be my teacher. When Confucius was a child, his family was poor and it was difficult to get a good education. However, he is very studious and often regards others as his teachers, even though he is asking about Xiang Tuo, a seven-year-old child. He once paid tribute to Lao Heng, happily visited Changhong, learned piano from Shi Xiang and mastered Confucius' storytelling system from Tan Zixue ... On one occasion, Tan Zi, the monarch of Lu, came to Lu to appear before him. Although Zanzi is the king of a small country, he can claim to be a descendant of Shao Luo. At the banquet held in Lu, Sun Shu asked Shao Luo why he took the bird name as the official name. Zanzi told the origin of the ancient official name, and also took the opportunity to praise my great-grandfather for being young and honest, so he was disciplined by the bird. After listening, Confucius thought that although his behavior was ridiculous, he did study the ancient official system, so he learned a lesson from it.
4, gentle, and then the gentleman Confucius famous saying. From the Analects of Confucius, Confucius said: quality is better than literature, literature is better than history, gentle and gentle, and then a gentleman. According to the meaning, writing and literary talent; Quality, simplicity; Binbin, mixed phase. The Analects of Confucius was annotated by Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty: scholars should lose more than enough, but make up for it. As for virtue, it is unexpected. Liu Baonan's Analects of Justice in Qing Dynasty: Rites have quality. Quality, this is also. No ceremony without foundation, no words, can be done. Confucius' statement refers to the external expression of ceremony; Quality refers to inner kindness. Only when you have the inner character of kindness and can show it in a polite way can you become a gentleman. The relationship between literature and quality is the relationship between courtesy and benevolence. This article embodies the ideal personality of a gentleman strongly advocated by Confucius; The other embodies his consistent golden mean: that is, he does not advocate emphasizing literature over partiality, nor does he advocate emphasizing quality over partiality; It is not easy to be impartial and have the best of both worlds, but it has gone too far. Confucius said: The quality of Yu Xia written by Yin Zhouwen is the best. Yu Xia's text is unparalleled in quality; The quality of Yin and Zhou Dynasties is beyond words; How easy is it to say that the quality of words is good? (Book of Rites)
5. Confucius' famous saying of staying away from ghosts and gods. From The Analects of Confucius: Fan Chi asked about knowledge, and Confucius said: Serving the people and staying away from ghosts and gods can be described as knowledge. Zhu Note: It is not the unknowability of ghosts and gods that is suitable for human beings, but the known. (Notes on the Analects of Confucius) In Qing Dynasty, Liu Baonan interpreted this sentence as: it means to respect ghosts and gods with courtesy (Justice of the Analects of Confucius). "Book of Rites": Confucius said: Xia Dao respects life, ghosts and gods are separated, and they are loyal; Yin people respect God, lead civil gods, and worship ghosts before rituals; People in the Zhou dynasty respected the ceremony and gave it, while ghosts respected God and stayed away, being close and loyal. Combined with what Confucius told us above, we can see that Confucius and Xia Shang held different views on ghosts and gods and taught Zhou Dao. On the premise of acknowledging the existence of ghosts and gods, Confucius also suggested that we should not despise ghosts and gods, nor approach them, which is different from emphasizing that people are ahead of ghosts and gods in our daily life and social activities. (The Analects of Confucius advanced: Lu Ji asked ghosts and gods, and Confucius said: If you can't convince people, how can you convince ghosts? ) consistent attitude.
6. I want to stand up, stand up, and I want to live up to Confucius' famous saying. From The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye, Confucius answered Zigong and asked Ren Yue: A benevolent person can draw inferences from others if he wants to stand and achieve, which can be described as a benevolent side. Zhu Zhu notes "The Analects of Confucius": Think of yourself and others, and the heart of the benevolent is also. From this point of view, you can see the flow of nature and have no leisure. Ruan Yuan's Classroom Collection of Qing Dynasty: I never tire of it, and I have my own achievements; Diligently teach people and make them become talents. Standing, for example, standing at thirty; If you are in Bombardier, you can reach it at home. This sentence still says that you have to stand up and let others stand up. You have to make everything work and let others work. Therefore, it embodies the way of forgiveness advocated by Confucius, that is, the practical ways and methods of benevolence. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you, which is a high standard of forgiveness, that is, to cultivate benevolence in a positive sense, that is, to push what you hate without adding evil, that is, to cultivate benevolence in a negative sense (see The Analects of Confucius, Yan Yuan: Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you), to push yourself to others, and to know others by yourself, that is, to recognize the value of others and care about their survival and development, which reflects the humanity of Confucius Thought from another aspect.
7. Words must be kept, and deeds must bear fruit. From the Analects of Confucius: Confucius said: Words without deeds, loyalty to the past, stealing my old Peng. Biography of Hanshu Scholars: Confucius studied ancient and modern books, such as books, yue, poems, the Spring and Autumn Annals, and the Book of Changes, all because of their proximity to the saints, so as to establish the teaching of former kings. Therefore, it is better to declare that you don't do it. Zhu Zhu annotated The Analects of Confucius: Confucius deleted poems, wrote books, made rituals, enjoyed himself, praised Zhouyi and revised Chunqiu, all of which were handed down by the former king, but he did nothing. Its sentence means to pass on the old chapter without making it, and to obey and love ancient culture. Governing by doing nothing and being flexible is a summary of Confucius' life-long teaching and academic research career, which also embodies his principle of sorting out historical and cultural heritage and his basic attitude towards ancient culture. The so-called inaction, Zhu believes that although Confucius' deeds are recorded, his merits are twice as great as his deeds (ibid.). Then scholars think that Confucius actually wrote and wrote.
8. Be sensitive to things and be cautious about saying Confucius' famous words. From the Analects of Confucius, Confucius said: A gentleman does not have enough to eat and is restless. He is sensitive to things and speaks carefully. The Analects of Confucius: A gentleman speaks slowly but acts quickly. The same meaning. It means diligent and agile, but careful in speaking. Zhu Note: People who are sensitive to things are unwilling to do so. A cautious man dares not do everything he has. Another explanation: things are difficult to do, so be sensitive; Words are easy to say, so be careful. In addition, in articles such as Xunzi Zidao, Biography of Han Poetry, and Miscellaneous Words in Shuoyuan, there are records of Confucius' cautious words and words.
9. Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is almost a famous saying of Confucius. From The Analects of Confucius: Confucius said: Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous. Lost, lost. Zheng Xuan Note: Ignorance, ignorance. There are almost two meanings: first, danger, doubt can not be determined. One is exhausted, mentally exhausted and without income. A current solution. This sentence can be combined with reviewing a new chapter in the past. Yang Shuda, a close friend: Those who look back but can't learn new things will learn without thinking, while those who want to learn new things but don't look back will learn without thinking. Confucius advocated paying equal attention to learning and thinking, which had a great influence on Confucius' younger brother. For example, Xia Zi said he was knowledgeable and thoughtful, while the golden mean said he was knowledgeable and thoughtful. They all thought that learning and thinking should not be neglected.
10, it is also a famous saying of Confucius not to believe in people who don't know what they can do. Confucius said in The Analects: People have no faith and do not know what to do. Zheng Xuan Note: If you don't know what you can do, your words are not feasible. Kong Anguo Note: If you don't believe what you say, the rest will go up in smoke. Zhu said: If there is no truth and sincerity in a person's face, everything he says is false. ("Zhuzi School" Volume 24) Jiang's best friend divides the letter into two meanings: the words must be true; You must be able to keep your promise. (Language Interpretation) Both Confucius and later Confucianists attached great importance to faith, kept their promises and showed reverence (The Analects of Wei Linggong).