Three days and four nights
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction
This fable tells people that we must be good at seeing the essence through phenomena, because no matter how many forms there are, There is only one essence. Later, "chaotic and turbulent" was used as an idiom to describe people's erratic behavior.
[Edit this paragraph] Pinyin
( zhāo sān mù sì )
[Edit this paragraph] Explanation
Originally refers to the use of deception Deceive people. The latter metaphor often changes one's mind and is capricious.
[Edit this paragraph] Source
Zhuang Zhou's "Zhuangzi·Equality of Things": "The sniper Fu Zhi said: 'Three in the morning and four in the evening.' All the snipers were angry. . Said: "The morning is four and the evening is three."
[Edit this paragraph] Usage
Used as a predicate, attributive, and adverbial; with a derogatory meaning. , a metaphor for a capricious person.
[Edit this paragraph] Example
You work day and night, learning piano today and erhu tomorrow.
[Edit this paragraph] Synonyms
Chao Qin and Mu Chu, capricious, morning three and evening two, morning four and evening three
[Edit this paragraph] Antonyms
Stick to the rules and stay the same
A promise worth a thousand pieces of gold, a promise made with one heart and one mind
[Edit this paragraph] Lantern Riddles
84 hours
(Morning 12 hours, 12 hours at night, 12×3+12×4+12=84 (h))
[Edit this paragraph] English
blow hot and cold
[Edit this paragraph] Japanese
ちょうさんぼし
[Edit this paragraph] French
inconstant
[Edit This paragraph] German
heute so, morgen so
[Edit this paragraph] Source
Heute so, morgen so is a Chinese idiom, fable, and allusion, originating from " Zhuangzi "Equality of Things".
[Edit this paragraph] Original text
In the Song Dynasty, there were those who sniped at the public, and they loved sniping. Raising them in groups can understand the meaning of sniping, and sniping can also win the heart of the public. Damage to his family and his desire to snipe. If they are short of food, their food will be restricted. Afraid that the snipers would be disobedient to him, he first deceived him and said, "Is it enough to do it three times in the morning and four at night?" All the snipers got angry. O'er said: "With Ruoqi, four in the morning and three in the evening, is that enough?" All the spies were happy.
[Edit this paragraph] Note:
Sniper - Yinju (jū), macaque, the name of a kind of monkey.
Loss - loss, meaning reduction.
Jiakou - the original meaning is population, here it means food at home, rations.
Fill - to enrich, here it means to be satisfied.
Er - Erqing means soon, indicating that time is short.
Gui - sound (kuì), lack, meaning not enough.
Tame - sound (xùn), tame, meaning to obey.
Lie - sound (kuáng), meaning to deceive or deceive.
If - a personal pronoun in classical Chinese, it means "you" or "you".
觧——sound (xù), acorn, a kind of grain. Cheng Xuan Ying Shu: "觧, acorn, similar to chestnut but small."
Explanation - understanding
[Edit this paragraph] Enlightenment:
Tell people to be good at seeing the essence through phenomena, because no matter how many forms there are, there is only one essence.
[Edit this paragraph] Understanding:
1. The original meaning of Chaosanmusi: to use deception to deceive people
2. Now it is used as a metaphor: capricious, Go back on one's word
3. Also used as a metaphor: exchanging things before and after, charming and blinding.
[Edit this paragraph] Poetry translation
There was a monkey farmer in the Song Dynasty who liked monkeys. He raised a large group of monkeys at home. The monkey farmer could understand the monkeys' thoughts. , the monkeys can also win the favor of the sniper. He would rather reduce his family's food intake to satisfy the macaque's desires.
However, soon after, the family ran out of food. He was about to limit the number of acorns the monkeys could eat, but he was afraid that the monkeys would not obey him, so he deceived the monkeys first and said: "I will give you three acorns in the morning and four in the evening. Is that enough?" When the monkeys heard this, they all stood up and were very angry. After a while, he said again: "I'll give you four acorns in the morning and three in the evening. Is that enough?" When the monkeys heard this, they all lay down on the ground one by one, very happy.
[Edit this paragraph] Comments
The original meaning of this story is to expose the trick of the sniper to fool the monkey. In fact, the total number of acorns has not changed, but the distribution method has changed. The monkeys turned from anger to joy. Those theorists who pursue name and reality always try to distinguish the different properties of things, without knowing that things themselves are identical. In the end, it is inevitable to be like a monkey, deceived by the erratic and turbulent times. People are warned to pay attention to reality and avoid being deceived by rhetoric. Because no matter how many forms there are, there is only one essence. "Er Cheng Quanshu·Suicide Notes·18·Mr. Yichuan's Words" of the Song Dynasty: "If the saint does not let others know, how can the saint's heart be the skill of future generations?" Unfortunately, the people who later applied this idiom were not very I know the origin of Chao Sanmu Si, but I confused it with "Chao Qin Mu Chu". The latter refers to the Warring States Period, when the two great powers Qin and Chu were in opposition. Some weak countries sometimes fell to Qin and sometimes to Chu. Just like when the United States and the Soviet Union were competing for hegemony ten years ago, some African countries sometimes turned to the United States and sometimes to the Soviet Union. The morning and evening routine originally had nothing to do with it, but as time went by and rumors spread, people became accustomed to understanding "the morning and evening evening" as unprincipled and capricious.
The principles of the fable are indeed applicable to the situation at that time, but if we look at the problem from a perspective that has developed for thousands of years, the conclusions we may draw will be very different. The ancients did not have the concept of time cost. So I think three in the morning and four in the evening are exactly the same as four in the morning and three in the evening. In fact, it is not the case. There are still some differences between working day and night and working day and night. Any company hopes to collect more when collecting advance payments and deposits. The smaller the balance to be collected in the future, the better. Why? Because the future is uncertain, this uncertainty will bring unpredictable risks. To put it bluntly, if the sniper will die at noon, then for the snipers, the plan of 4 days and 4 hours will certainly be more costly than the plan of 4 hours and 4 hours. Be big. So from a modern perspective, monkeys are actually very rational. This was a relatively successful negotiation.
[Edit this paragraph] Vernacular Allusions
During the Warring States Period, there was an old man in the Song State who raised monkeys. He raised many monkeys in his yard. As time passed, the old man and the monkey were able to communicate and talk. People call it Sniper.
The old man gave each monkey four chestnuts every morning and evening. A few years later, the old man's economy became less and less abundant, but the number of monkeys increased, so he wanted to change the daily chestnuts from eight to seven, so he discussed with the monkeys: " From today on, I will give you three chestnuts every morning and four chestnuts as usual in the evening. I wonder if you agree?”
After hearing this, the monkeys thought that there was one missing in the morning. So one by one they started to squeak and jump around, as if they were very unwilling.
When the old man saw this situation, he quickly changed his mind and said: "Then I will give you four pills in the morning and three more in the evening. Is that okay?"
Monkeys Upon hearing this, the number of chestnuts in the morning changed from three to four again. Just like before, they rolled happily on the ground.
[Edit this paragraph] Famous aphorisms
Euripides: Love that is fleeting is not called love.
Europe: The law is erratic.