(before 339? ~ top 278? )

At the end of the Warring States Period, Chu was an outstanding politician and patriotic poet. The name is flat and the word is original. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's offspring. Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei) people.

Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life, namely, Chu Weiwang, Chu Huaiwang and King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, and mainly lived in Chu Huaiwang period. This period is the eve of China's imminent reunification. "The Emperor of Qin is horizontal and the King of Chu is vertical." Qu was born into a noble family, and he was good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, so he was deeply prized by Chu Huaiwang in his early years, and he was a Zuotu and a doctor in San Lv. In order to realize the great cause of Chu's reunification, Qu Yuan actively assisted Huai Wang in reforming the country to make it stronger, and insisted on uniting Qi to resist Qin in foreign countries, which once made Chu a country rich and powerful. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by the small group and alienated by Chu Huaiwang.

In the fifteenth year of Huai Wang (the first 34 years), Zhang Yi went from Qin to Chu, paid off Jin Shang, Zi Lan, Zheng Xiu and others as spies with a large sum of money, and at the same time tricked Huai Wang into breaking diplomatic relations with Qi and Chu by offering merchants in a land of 6 Li. After being deceived, Huai Wang became angry from embarrassment and sent troops to Qin twice, both of which were defeated. So Qu Yuan was ordered to send an envoy to the State of Qi to rebuild the old friendship between Qi and Chu. Once again, Zhang Yi went from Qin to Chu to disintegrate the Qi-Chu Alliance, which failed. In the twenty-fourth year of Huai Wang, Qin Chu was allied with the Yellow Thorn, and Chu was completely embraced by Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from Ying Capital and moved to northern Han Dynasty.

after thirty years of cherishing the king, Qu Yuan returned to Yingdu. In the same year, Qin made an appointment with Huai Wang Wuguan, and Huai Wang was detained by Qin, who eventually died in Qin. After Xiang Wang ascended the throne, he continued to implement the surrender policy. Qu Yuan was expelled from Ying Capital again, exiled to the south of the Yangtze River, and was displaced between Yuan and Xiang. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty (278 BC), the Qin general attacked Ying capital in vain, and Qu Yuan was so indignant that he drowned himself in the Miluo River and died for his political ideal.

Works

Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs (11), Nine Chapters (9) and Evocation, with 23 works. In addition, whether Buju and Fisherman were written by Qu Yuan is still controversial in academic circles. Among them, Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient China literature. "Tian Wen" is a rare and peculiar poem in ancient and modern times. It asks 172 questions to heaven in succession, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, and shows the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and scientific spirit of pursuing truth. Nine Songs is a set of music songs for offering sacrifices to gods based on folk songs, and a large number of images of gods are created in the poems, most of which are love songs.

Qu Yuan's works are a record of his persistence in the ideal of "beautiful politics" and his struggle against the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu. His ideal of "beautiful politics" is reflected in his works, that is, "to raise talents and empower them, but to follow the line without being quite" (Li Sao). The so-called "promoting talents and empowering people" means selecting truly talented people to govern the country, opposing worldly affairs and limiting the monopoly of old nobles on power. He also took the historical stories of Fu Shuo, the slave, Lv Wang, the butcher, and Ning Qi, the vendor, as examples to illustrate the rationality of selecting talents regardless of their status. The so-called "following the rope and not quite" is to cultivate the statutes, that is, the laws are not expensive and limit the privileges of the old nobles. Qu Yuan's ideal of "beautiful politics" reflects his sharp opposition to the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State, and expresses his progressive demand of getting rid of bad politics, and its ultimate goal is to save the motherland from peril and make Chu State embark on the road of prosperity. Related to this, Qu Yuan's works also profoundly exposed the darkness of Chu politics, the decay of Chu aristocratic groups and the fatuity of Chu kings, and showed his fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "beautiful politics", insisting on moral integrity, and "not regretting after nine deaths"; At the same time, he showed his determination to care about the country and the people, love the country and love the people, and devote himself to the motherland. Although Qu Yuan was exiled or even exiled, he always took the rise and fall of the motherland and the sufferings of the people as his thoughts, hoping that the King of Chu would repent, work hard and become the master of ZTE. He knew that loyalty to honest and frank would lead to disaster, but he always "endured but could not give up"; Knowing that he was facing many dangers, he could have gone to other countries to find a way out in the era of "using Chu materials", but he refused to leave Chu. It shows his infinite loyalty to the motherland and his personality and will of "winning glory with the sun and the moon".

Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. He is an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit of loving the motherland and the people, persisting in the truth, preferring to die rather than surrender, and his lofty personality of "winning glory with the sun and the moon" have inspired and nurtured countless Chinese sons and daughters for thousands of years, especially when the nation is in danger. As a great poet, the appearance of Qu Yuan not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also his new poetic style-Chu Ci, which broke through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation. Therefore, later generations called "Songs of the South" and "The Book of Songs" together. "Feng and Sao" are the sources of the two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry. At the same time, Chu Ci, represented by Qu Yuan, also influenced the formation of Han Fu.

In the history of China, Qu Yuan was a poet most admired and loved by the people. According to the records of Harmony in the Continuation of Qi and Geography of Sui Shu, Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The folk custom of making zongzi and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th in China originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. In 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the "Four Cultural Celebrities" in the world and was solemnly commemorated by the World Peace Council and people all over the world.