1, Hao, seeking gender, two of a kind. Exodus: My Fair Lady, My Gentleman. -"Poetry? Nan Zhou? Management bureau

2, good, verbs, like, love, cherish. Exodus: Be nice to me and go home hand in hand. -"Poetry? Hurricane? north wind

3, h m 40, adjective, cute, beautiful. Example: Qin has a good daughter. -Poems of Yuefu? Shang Mo Sang

"good": h m 40, adjective, happy and satisfied.

Example: Good rain knows the season, and spring comes. -Don? Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night

Good rain seems to pick the right time, arrival in the spring when everything is born.

2. How to understand the translation of classical Chinese? First, several problems that should be paid attention to when learning content words in classical Chinese.

Content words in classical Chinese include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals and quantifiers. In classical Chinese, the number of notional words far exceeds that of function words. Learning classical Chinese, the most important thing is to master the meaning of content words in classical Chinese. Only by mastering the meaning of a certain number of classical Chinese words and accumulating knowledge about classical Chinese words can we read classical Chinese smoothly.

When learning content words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to the following points: 1, and pay attention to distinguishing the similarities and differences between ancient and modern meanings. From the right generation to today, the meaning of Chinese is constantly evolving. The meanings of some basic words and general words are few, and the meanings of ancient and modern words have not changed. Such words will not cause us any difficulties in learning classical Chinese.

Other words, though commonly used in classical Chinese, disappeared with the disappearance of old things and old ideas, and the meanings of ancient and modern words changed. This change is mainly manifested in the following four aspects: (1), the expansion of meaning. The expansion of word meaning refers to the expansion of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from part to whole, from individual to general, from narrow sense to broad sense, so that the original meaning becomes a part of the extension of new meaning.

For example, "autumn" refers to extending from one season to the whole year; "Sleep" refers to the extension from sitting and dozing to sleeping. (2) The narrowing of meaning.

The narrowing of word meaning refers to the narrowing of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from the whole to the part, from the broad sense to the narrow sense, so that the new meaning becomes a part of the extension of the original meaning. For example, "husband" generally refers to men in ancient times, such as "does husband also love his youngest son?" Now, "husband" refers to a woman's spouse.

"Smell" refers to all smells, especially malodorous gases. "Soup" generally refers to hot water and boiled water, especially vegetable soup and broth.

(3), the transfer of meaning. The transfer of word meaning refers to the change of word meaning from nail to object B.

For example, "scholar" in ancient times refers to "scholar", for example, "so a scholar can't be cautious without thinking deeply" (You Shan Wang), and now refers to people who have certain academic achievements. "Miss", in ancient times, refers to unmarried women or unmarried women in powerful families. Now, under the background of reform and opening up, its meaning has basically changed, referring to the woman who has improper behavior.

If you call a beautiful young lady, the lady will stare at you angrily to show that she is not a lady. (4) The color of the word meaning has changed.

For example, "slander" in ancient times refers to publicly accusing others of their faults, which is a neutral word. For example, "those who can slander the city and listen to me will be rewarded."

Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi. Now using "slander" is slander, which means to speak ill of others out of thin air. It is a derogatory term. The above four situations are the main types of semantic changes in ancient and modern times.

The existence of a large number of words with both ancient and modern meanings is the main obstacle to the study of classical Chinese. When we study classical Chinese, we must combine the study of classical Chinese works to master the common meaning of a group of commonly used words purposefully, planned and required.

2. Pay attention to the distinction between monosyllabic words and disyllabic words in ancient and modern Chinese. In modern Chinese, disyllabic words account for the vast majority, while in classical Chinese, monosyllabic words are dominant. Therefore, when reading classical Chinese, don't mistake disyllabic words in classical Chinese for disyllabic words in modern Chinese.

For example, the ancient meaning of "extraordinary" in "Extraordinary View" (You Bao Chan Shan) is two words: different. It means adverb of degree.

In addition, don't explain the disyllabic words in classical Chinese alone. For example, the word "worry-free" in Sunset Killing a Hundred Careless People (Feng Wanzhen) is a couplet meaning "probably" and "roughly", which has nothing to do with "nothing" and "worry" and cannot be separated.

3. Pay attention to the polysemy in ancient Chinese. Like modern Chinese, classical Chinese has ambiguity.

If we only know one or two meanings of a polysemous word, it is easy to interpret one or two meanings when reading classical Chinese, and we may make mistakes in understanding. In order to avoid mistakes, we should consciously accumulate and sort out knowledge.

In our textbooks, there is this convenient exercise at the back of every classical Chinese to help us accumulate and organize our works. It must be done seriously and cannot be ignored. With the accumulation of meaning, we can choose the meaning more accurately when we encounter polysemous words.

In addition, we also need to know the original meaning and extended meaning of words. Every word has its original meaning, which is the original meaning.

Later, with the development and change of society, the new meaning is its extended meaning. For example, "wife" means to catch a woman by hand in ancient times, but it is a man's spouse in modern times.

"Sun" means that my son's son has been passed down from generation to generation, but now it means his son. 4. Pay attention to the phenomenon of interchangeable words.

It is a common phenomenon in classical Chinese that ancient Chinese characters are falsified. In ancient times, due to the phonetic similarity, some words were often used together with other words, and the phenomenon that these words replaced each other in use was called "Tong Jia" words.

"Tong" is universal; "Fake" is a loan. Identifying interchangeable words is not an easy task. The earlier the classical Chinese is, the harder it is to read the interchangeable words.

For beginners, the way to master interchangeable words is to read more classical Chinese, look up dictionaries and accumulate knowledge. Second, several problems that should be paid attention to when studying function words in classical Chinese.

Function words in classical Chinese include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and pronouns. The lexical meaning of function words is abstract, but it has many grammatical functions such as expressing mood and organizing content words.

Function words in classical Chinese, especially commonly used function words, appear frequently in classical Chinese and have flexible usage. When reading classical Chinese, we should be good at distinguishing the meaning and function of function words in order to fully understand the meaning of the article.

If function words are misunderstood, it will affect the understanding of the whole sentence and even the whole article. In learning, we should pay attention to the following convenient questions.

1, distinguish between real words and function words. Function words in classical Chinese are mostly grammaticalized from real words.

For example, the basic meaning of "suo" is "place", and later it is extended to "place" or "person" as a structural auxiliary word. For another example, the basic meaning of "zhi" is "Xiang", which was later blurred into pronouns, auxiliary words, modal particles and so on, becoming the most used function words.

It's good.

3. Very good performance, even in ancient Chinese.

The basic meaning of "what"

1, very, very: ~ ok. ~ come on.

2. Over: from one day to one day.

3. What: ~ What?

4. It means to go to the next floor: ~ Go. ~ or.

Extremely, most of them: ~ less. ~ honey. ~ make friends (girlfriends). ~ sincere. ~ supreme. ~ famous words.

To understand this word, the Oracle Bone Inscriptions glyph is like an arrow pointing to the ground, indicating arrival. The original meaning of "to" is to reach the extreme, which means to achieve completely. It also means to reach the extreme and extreme, and is used as an adverb. It also means to do another thing after one thing is finished.

Extended data:

Characteristics of classical Chinese: Classical Chinese is characterized by separation of speech and writing and concise writing. Compared with vernacular Chinese, the characteristics of classical Chinese are mainly manifested in grammar and vocabulary:

I. Grammatical features:

The grammatical features of classical Chinese are mainly manifested in parts of speech and word order. Generally speaking, classical Chinese uses parts of speech more flexibly than vernacular Chinese.

Second, the lexical features:

There are great differences in vocabulary between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese. This difference must usually be listed in the form of a dictionary or dictionary in order to fully express it.

However, one feature can be observed in general: the vocabulary of classical Chinese is relatively simple, for example, compared with the vocabulary of vernacular Chinese, the vocabulary of classical Chinese is mainly monosyllabic.

Baidu Encyclopedia-What

Baidu encyclopedia-to

4. What does classical Chinese mean? Classical Chinese is a kind of written language in China, which mainly includes the written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period.

Commonly known as "yes." During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record characters, but bamboo slips, silks and other things were used to record characters, and silks were expensive, bamboo slips were huge and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, unimportant words must be deleted.

It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.

Rules for Translation of Classical Chinese There are two main requirements for students to translate classical Chinese: correctness and fluency (namely, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance). Correctness means that the original intention should be truthfully expressed in the content, and it should not be misinterpreted, omitted or excessively increased; Fluency means that the translation should conform to the grammatical habits of modern Chinese in expression.

When translating ancient Chinese, we should follow two basic principles and master six operating methods. One of the principles: words cannot be separated from sentences, and sentences cannot be separated from articles.

The words and expressions in the article are all in a specific language environment. In order to translate ancient words and sentences correctly, we must understand their language environment.

For example, "A dog sits in front" and (Wolf), it seems that this sentence can be translated as "A dog sits in front", but it is related to "Two wolves on the road" and "When I was a child, a wolf came all the way ..." It can be seen that it is not a dog but another wolf sitting in front. "Dog" means "like a dog" and is used to modify the posture of "sitting".

This example shows that the translation of ancient Chinese should first understand the main idea of the whole article, and then closely follow the requirements of "words cannot be separated from sentences, and sentences cannot be separated from the beginning" for detailed translation. The second principle: literal translation is the mainstay, while free translation is the supplement.

Literal translation means translating word for word according to the original text, and also requires maintaining the sentence structure and tone of the original sentence. For example, "does it really not know horse evil?" I really don't know horses. "

(Ma Shuo), the word "Qi" in the previous sentence should be translated as "Yao" to indicate rhetorical tone, and the word "Qi" in the latter sentence should be translated as "I'm afraid" to indicate speculative tone. In translation, the meaning of some words is still unclear or even awkward after literal translation, which needs free translation to assist.

For example, the literal translation of "living in the height of the temple" (the story of Yueyang Tower) is "living in the height of the ancestral temple and palace", the meaning of which is still unclear, and the free translation of "being an official in the court" can be adopted, which is easy to understand. Free translation is more flexible. After understanding the actual meaning of the original text, the translator can express it in his own language, so that deeper words can be translated easily and clearly, but only the general idea is not as good as literal translation, which is not suitable for middle school students who are gradually cultivating their ability to read ancient Chinese.

Hello! I hope my answer can help you! Hope to adopt! Thank you.

5. How to translate classical Chinese well First of all, the translation of classical Chinese should be "faithful, expressive and elegant"

There is a certain standard to measure the quality of classical Chinese translation, not the "sloppy" translation of students. Yan Fu takes "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" as the standard to measure the quality of a foreign language, so we might as well borrow it. "Faithfulness" means that the translation is required to accurately express the meaning of the original text, without distorting, omitting or adding or subtracting meaning at will, that is, without "going out of shape". "Vivid" means that the translation is clear and fluent, which conforms to the expression habits of modern Chinese and has no language defects. "Elegance" means that the translation should be elegant in words and sentences and elegant in writing. For us middle school students, elegance may be a bit high, but it should not be a problem to achieve "faithfulness" and "expressiveness", otherwise it can not be said to be a good translation.

Two, the translation of classical Chinese should be based on "literal translation", supplemented by "free translation".

Literal translation and free translation are two translation methods.

Literal translation is to translate word for word in strict accordance with the original text, try to keep the characteristics of the original words and sentences, and try to keep the style consistent with the original text. Free translation, on the other hand, is based on the general idea of the original text, and can adopt a completely different expression from the original text. Although they are different, they complement each other. Generally speaking, literal translation is the main method, and when literal translation is difficult, free translation is supplemented.

Try the following example:

Translation methods can be summarized as "right", "change", "stay", "delete", "complement" and "tune".

(1) Yes, that is, translation, which is realized word by word. For example:

Zheng Ren put me in charge of its north gate.

│ ││││ │ │ ││ │

Zheng Guoren put me in charge of the key to their north gate.

(2) Change means replacing ancient words with modern words. Like the above sentence: make-let；; Their-their; Tubular key.

(3) To stay is to keep some basic words and proper nouns in classical Chinese. Such as name, place name, country name, dynasty, official position, year number, administrative division, laws and regulations, weights and measures, etc. No translation is needed, but it remains the same. The "people", "me" and "North Gate" in the above example are like this.

(4) Delete means deleting some function words in classical Chinese. Some function words in classical Chinese only play a grammatical role in sentences, which is unnecessary and cannot be realized in translation. As long as it doesn't affect your mood, you can delete it. For example, the adverbial at the beginning of a sentence, some conjunctions, supplementary syllables or pauses, and auxiliary words that only play a structural role can be omitted in translation.

(5) Complement is to make up for the omission in classical Chinese.

(6) Mood is to adjust word order. Such as prepositional object, attributive post-verb inversion, etc. It is necessary to adjust these inverted sentence elements in translation, otherwise it will not conform to modern Chinese grammar.

Literal translation of classical Chinese sentences, grasping the main idea, choosing words and making sentences,

Names and places need not be translated, and the ancient meanings are replaced by modern words.

Keywords inversion component displacement, passive ellipsis translation method,

When you encounter function words, you can translate them into sentences and understand them fluently.

If it is more concise, it can be summarized in the following words:

Leave: year number, place name, professional title, equipment, etc. , you can not translate records;

Substitution: replacing ancient words with modern Chinese words;

Shift: adjust the word order of inverted sentences, such as prepositional object, prepositional phrase postposition and attributive postposition;

Complement: an omitted subject or predicate in an elliptical sentence;

Delete: Delete untranslated words, such as phrase words.