(thirteen years of adult life)

Notes on the title or background of a book.

This article recorded Lv Xiang's words when he was in the state of Qin, which was a famous diplomatic rhetoric in the Spring and Autumn Period. This paper traces the history of diplomatic relations between the two countries, lists a large number of materials, and accuses Qin State of repaying the failure of Jin State with good deeds. The full text is sharp and magnificent. However, some accusations are really unreasonable and self-explanatory, and the Committee is too Qin.

original text

At noon in the summer of April, the Duke of Jin ordered Lu Xiang to sever the relationship with Qin [70], saying, "Yesterday I was arrested for offering my services to the public [7 1], fell in love with Mu Gong, and made concerted efforts [72] to apply for an oath, which made the marriage more important. Heaven is a disaster for the state of Jin, and officials are like Qi, like Qin.

To annotate ...

[70] Lu Xiang: Wei Xiang, son of Wei Kun.

[7 1] Yesterday: Since.

[72] lethality: resultant force, resultant force.

translate

In the summer, on the fifth day of April, Jin Li sent Lv Xiang to sever diplomatic relations with the State of Qin, saying, "In the past, my late husband Jin Xiangong and your late husband Qin Mugong were friendly to each other, and Qi Xin worked together to show friendship, and then they used marriage to deepen the relationship between the two countries. The day before, misfortune happened in the State of Jin. Duke Wen went to the State of Qi and Gong Hui went to the State of Qin.

original text

"There is no Lu [73], offering the public for the world, and I don't forget the old virtues, which makes me benefit the public and worship money [74]. You can't be a university student, you can only be a teacher in Korea. I regret losing my heart, too. It was Mu Zhicheng who used my library of Wengong [75]. Wen Gong bowed to Jia [76], followed the mountains and rivers, and the more difficult it was, he levied Dongwu governors, fearing Yin Zhi in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and paid tribute to Qin. Zheng people are angry at the monarch's territory [77], and I am the prince Zheng of Wen Gong Shuai He. Doctor Qin is good at being righteous without consulting me. The illness of a vassal was fatal to Qin [78]. Wen Gong is afraid, but he is quiet [79] and Qin is harmless [80], so I have made great achievements in the West [8 1].

To annotate ...

[73] No happiness: No happiness is a disaster.

[74] Therefore. Sacrifice: preside over the sacrifice.

[75] Set: Achievement, perfection.

[76] Hu: Wear.

[77] Anger: Aggressiveness. Territory (y): border.

[78] Fatal: a desperate battle.

[79] Sui Jing: appeasement.

[80] gram is harmless: it can be returned safely.

[8 1] made: loan. West: refers to the state of Qin west of the state of Jin.

translate

Unfortunately, Gong Xian passed away. Mu Gong did not forget his kindness in the past, which enabled us to host sacrifices in the State of Jin, but failed to achieve great honor. Instead, he had a war with Korea and Japan. Later, I felt a little regret in my heart, so I let Wen Gong return to China and become a monarch. This is all due to Qin Mugong. Wen Gong's relatives put on armor, climbed mountains and waded across mountains, and conquered the eastern governors. The descendants of Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou all appeared before the Qin Dynasty, and they have already repaid their kindness in the past. When the people of Zheng invaded the king's territory, we, Wen Gong, led the princes and the state of Qin to surround the state of Zheng. The doctor of Qin made a covenant with Zheng without consulting our king. The princes hated this matter, and they planned to fight recklessly with the State of Qin, but the princes did not dare to appease the princes and let Qin Jun return home safely without being hurt. This is where our country made great contributions to the Western Qin Dynasty.

original text

"There is no wealth, Wen Gong is the world, and Io will not hang up [82], despise my king [83], be widowed [84], overlap me [85], rape me [86], cut me to protect the city [87], destroy me and leave my brother [88]. I haven't forgotten your old glory, but I'm afraid of the collapse of the country, so I'm a confused teacher. I still want to make amends to Mu Gong [89], and Mu Guild listened, but that was Chu begging me. Heaven lured his heart [90] and died as king, but Mu Gong was unable to express his ambition to me [9 1].

To annotate ...

[82] Hanging: condolence.

[83] contempt: contempt.

[84] Shao: Very few, which means bullying here.

[85] Overlap: Same as "anecdote", sudden attack.

[86] Rape: Stop, cut off.

[87] Baocheng: a small border town.

[88] Gedi: Qin cut Zheng and wiped out the slippery. The two countries and Jin State are both countries with the surname of Ji, so they are clouds.

[89] Forgive sin: release sin and seek reconciliation.

[90] Heaven lured him: At that time, it was said that the heart of heaven was in me.

[9 1] Be content.

translate

"It's a pity that Wen Gong died, Mu Gong was not good, despised our ancestors, took our Duke Xiang as weak, suddenly invaded our grain fields, cut off our contacts with friendly countries, attacked our castles, wiped out our slippery countries, dispersed our brotherly ties, disrupted our allied countries and subverted our country. Our Xiang Gong did not forget the past exploits of the King of Qi, but he was afraid of the subversion of the country, which led to this delicious battle. However, in order to forgive his sins, he was still willing to explain to Mu Gong. Mu Gong didn't listen, but went to Chu to murder us. God bless our country, Chu is dead, so Mu Gong can't be satisfied in our country.

original text

"Jose, duct is the world, kang, spirit acceded to the throne. Kang Gong, since I came out [92], I wanted to lose my official position [93], overthrow my country, and ordered me to stab thieves [94], thus shaking my frontier. I went through the Battle of Hu Ling. Kang Youwei cloth [95], into my Hequ, cut me to Sichuan, captured me Wang Guan, imprisoned me [96], so he fought with Hequ. The host's impassability [97] is that Kanggong absolutely loves me.

To annotate ...

[92] My own: Qin Kanggong was born to Jin Xiangong's daughter Gibb.

[93] Quemao: Damage.

[94] Sting thief: Both are seedling-eating pests, which is a metaphor for people who endanger the country.

[95] Yong (quān): Repentance.

[96] Cape: cut off.

[97] The host country is blocked: it means that the two countries do not communicate with each other.

translate

Mu Gong and Xiang Gong died, while Kang Gong and Gong Ling acceded to the throne. Kang Gong was born by Muji in our country, but he wanted to destroy our office, subvert our country, lead our traitors to shake our frontier, and let our country have the Hu Ling War. Qin Kanggong still refused to repent, entered China Hequ, attacked Xuchuan in China, plundered Wang Guan in China, and beheaded China's military forces. Therefore, the Hequ movement came into being in China. The road to the east is blocked because Kang Gong broke off diplomatic relations with us.

original text

"And the heir of your monarch [98], my monarch, Gong Jing, led the king and said,' Help me!' You don't want to join the League [99], Wu Liyou is in trouble [100], come into our county, burn my basket, smash my farm work [10 1], and be loyal to my side [100]. I am based on Jufu's [103]. "You also regret the delay of the disaster, and want to pay homage to the ancestor Mu, and send a car to send me, and ordered me to say,' My lesbian and I love to abandon evil and restore virtue' to remember our predecessors. If we don't promise, Gong Jing will die, and my widowed husband will have a chance in Hu Ling.

To annotate ...

Jun: Qin Mugong.

[99] Convene the Communist Youth League: Convene the Communist Youth League.

[100] Nan Di: When the Jin army entered Sidi.

[10 1] Yiyi: Harvest. Agricultural work: refers to crops.

[102] Qian Liu: Murder.

[103] Voldemort: The Battle of Voldemort.

translate

"When the king succeeded to the throne, our monarch Jin Jinggong stretched out his neck and looked at the west and said,' Maybe it's time to appease us!' However, the king did not consider forming an alliance with us, but took advantage of the German disaster in our country to invade our rivers and counties, burn our dustpans and plots, rob our crops and harass our borders. Therefore, China had the Battle of Fu. The king also regrets the spread of the war disaster and wishes to bless his predecessors, Jin Xiangong and Qin Mugong. He sent a coach to order our Jing Gong to say,' I want to make up with you, put aside my resentment and restore our old relationship to commemorate our past contributions. My Duke Jing of Jin died without a Covenant, so you and Qin met.

original text

"You're out of luck again [104]. You broke your oath. Bai Di is in the same state as Jun, and is an enemy of Jun, and so is my marriage [105]. You give the orders and say,' Me and my daughter Vader.' The widowed gentleman dared not neglect his marriage, feared the monarchy and was ordered by the government [106]. You have second thoughts about Di [107], saying,' Gold will kill women.' Germany and Britain hate each other. They want to sue me. The Chu people hated the virtue of the monarch and told me:' Qin relied on the Linghu League to seek an alliance with me:' Tell God Haotian, Qin Sangong and Chu [108]:' Although I am different from Jin [109], I am only profitable.' If you don't care about evil, you can't become a virtue [1 10], but you can't punish anyone if you want to publicize it. "When the qin dynasty because of this, but with saddened, heart to heart. I am handsome and obedient, and I just want to be good. If you patronize the princes, have pity on me, and give me an alliance, then I wish it. How dare you mess around? Yes [1 1 1]. If you don't give me great benefits, I won't be worthy of [1 12] and I won't be able to quit the vassal. Dare to be a full deacon to make the facts profitable [1 13]! "

To annotate ...

[104] ominous: not good.

My infatuation: Bai Di married Jin Wengong.

[106] Receiver: same as "the grantor".

[107] Yes, just like "you".

[108] Qin Sangong: Mu, Kang and Gong. Three kings of Chu: Cheng, Mu and Zhuang.

[109] Visit: contact person.

[1 10] Chengde: due virtue.

[11] Cheng Ning: Be quiet and calm.

[1 12] Bubi: that is, "bucai".

[1 13] Real profit: weigh the pros and cons carefully.

translate

The king was unkind and broke his oath. Bai Di and Wang Jun are both in Yongzhou. They are enemies of the king, but they are our relatives. The king came to give an order and said, "I will attack Tijen with you." The widowed monarch dared not take care of his relatives, fearing the majesty of the king, so he ordered his ministers to attack Tijen. But the king had other ideas about Tijen. He told them, "The State of Jin is going to attack you." Tijen accepted the king's practice and hated it, so he told us. The Chu people hated the king's capriciousness and came to tell us:' Qin betrayed his promise and demanded an alliance with China:' Swear to God, Qin Sanzu and Chu Sanzu: Although I have contacts with Jin, I am only mercenary.' Chu people hate Qin Jun's capriciousness, so they make things public to punish those who don't do what they say. "

Comment and analysis

In 580 BC, Duke Huan of Qin and Jin Ligong agreed to join the alliance in Hu Ling, the state of Jin. When Jin Ligong arrived in Hu Ling, Duke Huan of Qin refused to cross the Yellow River to join the League, but only sent doctor Shi Ke to join the League with Duke of Jin, so the State of Jin sent Xi to Hexi to join the League with Qin Bo. Soon, Duke Huan of Qin broke his promise and secretly provoked the relationship between Di and Chu and the State of Jin in an attempt to attack the State of Jin by using Di and Chu. So, in 578 BC, Duke Xiang of Jin sent a doctor Lu Xiang to the State of Qin to break up with it. Later, the Jin army and the vassal division were defeated in Ma Tunnel.

Lv Xiang's rhetoric showed the other side that before he acceded to the throne, Qin was friendly to Jin. After Jin Wengong proclaimed himself emperor, the State of Jin paid off the old debts owed to the State of Qin. From then on, it was Qin who lost to the State of Jin, owing one debt after another. When enumerating the facts of Qin's treachery, we often start from human nature and expose Qin's lack of benevolence and righteousness. Just after Jin Wengong's death, Qin Mugong invaded vegetable fields and wiped out Slippery, who had the same surname as the State of Jin. This was a military action regardless of the mourning period. Qin Kanggong was the nephew of the State of Jin, but he repeatedly invaded the State of Jin regardless of his feelings. Lv Xiang's rhetoric also highlights the leniency of the State of Jin.

The food war released Qin Jun's three handsome men. Duke Jing of Jin acceded to the throne, hoping to make peace with Qin. However, these benefits did not make Qin abandon evil and do good, but continued to be enemies of Jin. Lv Xiang's diplomatic rhetoric also listed the reaction of a third party other than Qin Jin, which shows Qin's disloyalty. Tijen told the oath of Qin State to Jin State, and so did Chu State. This shows that Qin has been disloyal and alienated from others.

Lu Xiang simply listed the facts, paid attention to quantity, and overwhelmed each other with quantity. Rhetoric takes Qin Wei as the defendant and Jin as the plaintiff who upholds justice. Therefore, exaggeration is inevitable.