In human infancy, people think that heaven, that is, everything in nature, was created by God, and heaven is God or emperor. Laozi, the founder of Taoism, denied this theory. Laozi said that heaven is the product of Tao.

Zhuangzi inherited this idea of Laozi and abstracted the concept of heaven. Zhuangzi said in "The Grand Master":

"Master, all beings have faith, and inaction is invisible; Transmissible but unacceptable, accessible but invisible; Since its roots, there is no heaven and earth, and it has existed since ancient times; Ghosts were born; Before Taiji, it was not high, under the six poles, not deep, born, not long, longer than ancient, not old. "

The meaning of this passage is:

"Tao" is true and reliable, but inaction is invisible; "Tao" can be felt but not taught, understood but invisible; "Tao" itself is the foundation and foundation, which existed in ancient times before the appearance of heaven and earth; Leading to the ghost emperor, producing heaven and earth; Not high above Tai Chi, not deep below Six Poles, not long before heaven and earth, not long before ancient times.

Zhuangzi believes that Tao is everywhere, but it has no specific form and will, and it is the origin of all things in the world.

Six thoughts of Zhuangzi's carefree philosophy

Second, Zhuangzi's philosophy is full of dialectics.

Dialectics is a major feature of Laozi's thought. And Zhuangzi also inherited this. Zhuangzi believes that things are composed of positive and negative contradictions, which are interdependent and mutually transformed. Zhuangzi listed many contradictory phenomena in DeChongFu:

"Life and death, survival, poverty, affluence, virtue and immorality, reputation, hunger and thirst, cold and heat are the changes of things and the journey of life." These contradictions are mutually transformed.

Third, Zhuangzi's epistemology.

There are two kinds of epistemology simply. One is that the world can be known, and the other is that the world cannot be known. Zhuangzi believes that human beings have the ability to know the world, but people can never know the whole world clearly, so it is meaningless to bother to learn.

Zhuangzi said, "My life is limited, but so is my knowledge. With restrictions, there is no restriction, and it is almost the same! " It is almost enough to know what you have learned! "Zhuangzi believes that our life is so short, but our knowledge is endless. It is a foolish life to pursue infinite knowledge with such a short life. At the same time, Zhuangzi thinks that there is no uniform standard for judging right and wrong in this world, just like a debate. Winning or losing doesn't actually mean right or wrong, but there is no real right or wrong in this world. The so-called right and wrong are only people's subjective judgments.

Six thoughts of Zhuangzi's carefree philosophy

Fourth, Zhuangzi's outlook on life.

The outlook on life is actually determined by the outlook on fate. What's your outlook on life? Zhuangzi's outlook on fate can be summed up in one sentence: knowing that you can't help living with the status quo. It means that you can't fight against fate, you can only adapt to nature and fate. Only by being content with the times and detached from things can we achieve spiritual freedom and liberation.

Fifth, Zhuangzi's homogeneity theory.

This is the foundation of Zhuangzi's philosophy. Zhuangzi believes that everything in this world, in fact, from a higher level to observe, you will find that everything is the same. What joys and sorrows, what riches and honour, even life and death, are all the same in the end, and there is no difference. In this case, we don't need to pursue those glories. In this case, our so-called failures and so-called setbacks are just passing by.

Six thoughts of Zhuangzi's carefree philosophy

Sixth, the idea of swimming.

Zhuangzi's thought of carefree travel does not mean that we have enough to eat and drink, but that Zhuangzi's carefree travel is the highest state that human spirit can reach. Zhuangzi believes that if people want to achieve freedom, they must get rid of the limitation of things, and can achieve things instead of things, and achieve nothing. Only in this way can we be ruthless, heartless, reactive and nameless, and finally move towards the realm of freedom that only gods, saints and even people can achieve.