Shu mínɡ

① Explain clearly: explain the reasons. See also explanation: product description.

② Proof: This result fully shows that their judgment is accurate.

It is an expression to explain the characteristics and essence of things or events, and sentences are often arranged in the order of space, time and events. Descriptive paragraphs have strong independence and complete structure, and central sentences are often used.

Description:

Shu mínɡ

1. A written description of the purpose, specifications, performance and use of the article, as well as the story of the drama and movie.

Explanatory text:

Shu mí n ɡ wan

1. An article explaining the situation or reason of something.

Description is to properly express the actual situation of things in concise language.

Interpretation: examples, figures, comparisons, classifications, analogies, definitions, explanations, imitations, drawing charts, etc.

Common interpretation methods

There are 12 common interpretation methods, such as giving examples, classifying, listing data, making comparisons, drawing charts, defining, explaining, analogizing, imitating appearances, quoting data and making assumptions. We should choose the best method according to the characteristics of the explanatory object and the purpose of writing. The following are explained separately.

(1) example (graphic method)

Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This interpretation method is called example method.

For example, in the article "Marching into the Desert", the successful cases of sand control in desert areas of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia are cited, indicating that "the desert can be conquered".

To illustrate things or things through examples, we should pay attention to the representativeness and appropriateness of examples.

(2) As a reference (citation method)

In order to make the content of the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote materials to explain. Quoting some documents, poems, proverbs and famous sayings can make the explanation more convincing. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings and epigrams, formulas and rules, allusions and legends, proverbs and sayings, poems and sentences, etc. Act as the content or basis of explanation to explain and introduce things.

For example, the article "China Stone Arch Bridge" quoted Zhang in the Tang Dynasty, which shows that the design and construction are ingenious.

(3) Comparative method (comparative interpretation method)

Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.

For example, in the Great Hall of the People, in order to illustrate the building area of the banquet hall, the author used the contrast method: "The 5000-seat banquet hall is another scene. It covers an area of 7,000 square meters, which is larger than a football field, and its exquisite design is rare. "

When making comparisons, you can compare things in the same category, things in different categories, things can be compared horizontally or vertically.

(4) Column number (numerical interpretation method)

In order to make the things to be explained concrete, you can also use the method of column data to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.

For example, the article "The Dead Sea is Undead" explains the length, width and depth of the Dead Sea. The majestic Great Hall of the People also uses a series of figures to illustrate that the majestic Great Hall of the People is one of the most magnificent buildings in the capital.

(5) Classification (classification)

It is often difficult to explain the characteristics of things unilaterally. According to the similarities and differences of shapes, properties, causes and functions of things, things can be divided into several categories, and then explained one by one according to the categories. This method of explanation is called classification.

Classification is an important way to clarify complex things.

Using classification, we should explain things and different aspects of things according to certain standards.

(6) For example

Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.

The interpretation method of metaphor in explanatory text is consistent with that in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.

(7) Imitate appearance

In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation.

(8) Definition (definition interpretation method)

Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.

Sometimes in order to highlight the main contents and problems of things, things are often defined in concise words, so that readers have a clear concept of the explained objects. For example, in the article "Overall Planning Law", the author defines the overall planning law with the method of explanation: "Overall planning law is a mathematical method to arrange the work process." The language is concise, concise and accurate.

When defining, we can consider it from different angles according to the purpose of description. Some emphasize characteristics, such as the definition of "person"; Some emphasize functions, such as the definition of "fertilizer"; Some explain both characteristics and functions, such as the definition of "master planning method" and "applied science".

(9) explanation

Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics.

Definition and explanation often adopt the language form of "what is so-and-so". The form is the same, how to distinguish it? Generally speaking, the words on both sides of the word "yes" are interchangeable, which is the definition; If it is not interchangeable, it is interpretation.

For example, the sentence "Man is a senior animal who can make tools and use them to work" is changed to "The senior animal who can make tools and use tools to work is a man", and the meaning remains unchanged. The sentence "Snow is the solid precipitation formed in the cloud" cannot be changed to "The solid precipitation formed in the cloud is snow". It can be seen that the former sentence is a definition and the latter sentence is an explanation.

Draw a chart

In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely.

One explanation method is rarely used in an explanatory text, and many explanations are often used comprehensively. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom of choice. Whether to adopt one interpretation method or multiple interpretation methods, one interpretation method is another interpretation method, which can be flexible and not static.

(1 1) as a hypothesis.

Hypothesis describes the method of presupposing what will happen in the hypothetical environment.

For example, in The Sun: "Without the sun, the earth would be full of darkness, cold, wind and frost, rain and dew, plants and animals, and naturally there would be no one." This emphasizes the close relationship between the sun and human beings.

Citation: Also called citation. Quoting some documents, poems, proverbs and famous sayings can make the explanation more convincing. For example, the article "China Stone Arch Bridge" quoted Zhang in the Tang Dynasty, which shows that the design and construction are ingenious.