Because Liu Chan is a rather fatuous monarch, he is easily bewitched by the courtiers around him. If he doesn't get close to his sages, there will be situations such as "belittling himself, misquoting", "bending the law, being different at home and abroad", and even the best principles and policies can't be implemented. Among them, "pro-sainthood" is more important, and "listening to saints" is not only to listen to the slanders of the villains around, but also to "believe in pro-sainthood", "seek good words and keep elegant words" for the sage, all in order to enlighten Liu Chan to "pro-sainthood".
The model is from the biography of Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou in the Western Jin Dynasty, volume 35.
Excerpt from the original:
Pro-sages, far villains, this first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since. When the late Emperor was around, every time I talked to the minister about it, I always sighed and hated Yu Huan and Ling. Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, joined the army. I know that I am the minister of Zhenliang's death sacrifice. I hope your majesty personally believes that the Han Dynasty is prosperous, and I can wait.
Translation:
Being close to virtuous officials and alienating villains are the reasons for the prosperity of the former Han Dynasty. Being close to the villain and alienating the virtuous officials are the reasons for the decline of the later Han Dynasty. When the first emperor was alive, whenever he talked to me about these things, he hated the corruption when the Emperor Huan and the Emperor Ling were in power without sighing. Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, and the army are all honest, kind and conscientious ministers. I hope your majesty will get close to them and trust them, so the revival of the Han dynasty is just around the corner.
Extended data
Creation background
In the first year of Zhangwu in the middle of Shu (22 1), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and Zhuge Liang became prime minister. In the first year of Jianxing in Shu Han Dynasty (223), Liu Bei died of illness and entrusted Liu Chan to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang implemented a series of correct political and economic measures, which made the territory of Shu and Han prosperous. In order to achieve national reunification, after quelling the rebellion in the south, Zhuge Liang decided to attack Wei in the north in the fifth year of Jianxing (227), intending to seize Wei's Chang 'an. Before leaving, he wrote to his master, that is, this "model".
works appreciation
With sincere words and in view of the situation at that time, "Example" repeatedly advised Liu Chan to carry on the legacy of his late master Liu Bei, open a shrine, reward and punish strictly, and stay away from his relatives, so as to complete the great cause of "revitalizing the Han Dynasty", which showed Zhuge Liang's strong will to "set the Central Plains in the north" and his unswerving character of loyalty to Shu Han.
After the tripartite confrontation, the strength of Cao Wei in the Central Plains was the strongest, while that of Shu Han was the weakest. Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei to establish a stable ruling area and gain a foothold in political struggle. In order to "set the Central Plains in the north" and "revive the Han Dynasty", Zhuge Liang led troops to the Central Plains on the one hand; On the other hand, he put forward positive suggestions on internal affairs, advocated "holding a holy meeting", strictly rewarded and punished, and used people carefully. His point of view was aimed at the disadvantages of Shu-Han rule at that time.
As a politician, he can analyze and understand social reality, and put forward targeted treatment methods, which shows his political talent. It can also be seen from here that Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei and Liu Chan, not entirely out of gratitude to Liu Bei, but in order to realize his political ambition of "restoring the Han Dynasty". He cares about the country and the people, and is loyal to the country, which is the expression of his political ambition. This is the preciousness of Zhuge Liang, a politician in history.
Zhuge Liang's political ambition has great class limitations. This is first manifested in his political ideal of "reviving the Han Dynasty". The cruel exploitation and oppression of the people by the rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty aroused the resistance and struggle of the broad masses of peasants, and finally formed the struggle situation of warlords in various places. Despite this reality, Zhuge Liang emphasized "reviving the Han Dynasty", which was the expression of his feudal orthodoxy. In Zhuge Liang's view, as long as the supreme ruler of the Ming Dynasty was Liu, the world would be peaceful. This is historical idealism.
Because this article is a memorial, the content is that Zhuge Liang stated his opinions and put forward the idea of improving politics before attacking Wei, so the full text is mainly discussed. Because Zhuge Liang wanted Liu Chan to know the difficulty of starting a business and inspire him to finish the unfinished business of his late emperor, this paper also described his own life experience, the reasons for following his late emperor and the process of making his country successful. And because Zhuge Liang is infinitely loyal to Liu and his son, treating each other with kindness and courage, his words are full of ardent expectations. The full text is both emotional and emotional. Mainly based on discussion, narrative and lyric blend.
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