Gu Yanwu (1613-1682), whose original name was Jiang and whose courtesy name was Zhongqing. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he changed his name to Yanwu, with the courtesy name Ningren, and also signed himself as a servant of Jiang Shan. Scholars respect him as Mr. Tinglin. A native of Kunshan, Jiangsu. A famous thinker, historian and linguist in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He has made great contributions to the country. He participated in the anti-Qing struggle and later devoted himself to academic research. In his later years, he focused on the textual research of Confucian classics and the study of ancient pronunciation, which was divided into 10 ancient rhymes. The author of "Rizhilu", "Five Books on Phonetics", etc., he was the founder of ancient rhyme studies in the Qing Dynasty and made numerous achievements; he also contributed to Qie Yun studies, but not as much as he contributed to ancient rhymes studies. The greatest feature of Gu Tinglin's academic work is that he opposed the idealist metaphysics of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties, and emphasized objective investigation and research, creating a new trend for a generation. He proposed that "a gentleman studies to understand the way and to save the world. He only studies poetry and prose." That’s all, so what’s the use of the so-called carved insect seal carving?”
Mr. Wang Li (1900-1986) is a Bobai man in Guangxi. One of the founders of modern Chinese linguistics. He dropped out of school when he was poor and studied at home. In 1924, he went to Shanghai to study. In 1926, he was admitted to the Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies, where he studied under Liang Qichao, Zhao Yuanren, etc. In 1927, he went to France to study. In 1932, he received a doctorate in literature from the University of Paris and returned to China. He successively studied at Tsinghua University, Southwest Associated University, and Lingnan University. He serves as a professor at the University, Sun Yat-sen University, Peking University and other schools, and has concurrently served as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member and deputy director of the Chinese Literature Reform Committee, the honorary president of the Chinese Linguistic Society, and a member of the fourth, fifth and sixth sessions of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The fifth and sixth standing committee members and other positions.
Lü Shuxiang (1904-1998) was born in Danyang, Jiangsu Province. Mr. Lu Shuxiang is a master of Chinese linguistics. He has been tirelessly engaged in language teaching and language research for more than 70 years, covering a wide range of fields such as general linguistics, Chinese studies, character reform, Chinese teaching, writing and style, lexicon compilation, and ancient book collection. .
Ding Shengshu (1909-1989) linguist. No. Wu Zi. A native of Deng County, Henan Province. After graduating from the Department of Chinese Literature of Peking University in 1932, he went to the Institute of History and Philology of Academia Sinica. Visited in the United States from 1944 to 1948. Since 1952, he has been working as a researcher at the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (renamed the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1977). He has served as a member of the Committee of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member of the Central Working Committee for the Promotion of Mandarin, and a member of the Mandarin Review Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. , editor-in-chief of "Chinese Language" magazine, member of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1959 to 1964, and representative of the third and fifth National People's Congress in 1964 and 1978. Ding Shengshu has been working in the field of language and writing for nearly half a century, with a wide range of research, and has profound attainments in Chinese grammar, Chinese phonology, Chinese dialects, ancient Chinese and lexicography.
Pan Wuyun (1943-), a Chinese linguist, was born in Ruian, Zhejiang. Expert in Chinese phonology. Born in March 1943. Received a Master of Arts degree from Fudan University in 1982. In 1993, he was transferred from Wenzhou Normal University to work at Shanghai Normal University. In the same year, he was appointed as a doctoral supervisor in Modern Chinese and the person in charge of the doctoral program. In 1999, he was appointed as the vice chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Social Sciences (Shanghai Federation of Social Sciences) and the director of language research of the Shanghai Federation of Social Sciences. Center Director. Since 1986, he has been invited to give lectures, research and academic visits by the University of California, Berkeley, the University of California, San Diego, the University of Wisconsin, the University of Oslo, the City University of Hong Kong, the Chinese University of Science and Technology, and the University of Science and Technology.
Zhou Youguang, formerly known as Zhou Yaoping, was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu in 1906. Professor of economics and outstanding linguist. It proposes the diminishing rate of the utility of Chinese characters and the effective phonetic notation rate of the phonetic characters of Chinese characters, and explains the four definite principles for sorting Chinese characters (shaping, pronunciation, ordering, and quantification). He advocated the study of modern Chinese character studies and successively opened modern Chinese character studies courses at Shanghai Normal University, East China Normal University, and Peking University. Promote the study of comparative philology and understand the historical status of Chinese characters in the history of world writing; propose the universal applicability of six books and the three-phase classification of characters; conduct new explorations into the development laws of human writing; adopted by Tsinghua University and other schools as Textbook.
Lu Zhiwei (1894-1970) was a linguist and psychologist. Also known as Lu Baoqi, he was born in Wuxing County, Zhejiang Province. Member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He also served as a member of the first National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, director of the Preparatory Committee of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member of the Chinese Character Reform Committee, and a member of the Chinese Pinyin Program Committee.
His research in linguistics mainly includes phonology, vocabulary, grammar and writing reform of modern Chinese and other fields.
Lu Jianming, male, born in 1935, is a professor in the Chinese Department of Peking University and an internationally renowned linguist. Mainly engaged in the study of modern Chinese grammar. He is the author of "Selected Works of Lu Jianming", "On Modern Chinese Syntax", "Research on Chinese Grammar in the 1980s", "Research Course on Modern Yiyu Grammar", "Selected Works of Lu Jianming", "Essays on Function Words in Modern Chinese", etc. Work Unit: Department of Chinese, Peking University Teaching and Research Office: Modern Chinese, Research Field: Modern Chinese Research Directions: Modern Chinese syntax, modern Chinese function words, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, Chinese information processing, and middle school Chinese teaching, etc. President of the International Society of Chinese Linguistics and President of the World Chinese Language Teaching Society (formerly). Noam Chomsky is the most famous contemporary linguist in the United States, a professor at MIT, and the founder of structural generative grammar. He has profoundly influenced linguistics, philosophy, psychology, and computer science. He is also an important figure in contemporary Western knowledge. He was a leading figure in the fight against hegemonism and wrote a large number of political articles and books. Whenever there were major changes in the international political landscape, Western intellectuals often "looked up to Chomsky", and he often made iconic remarks at these moments. speak. After 9·11, Chomsky accepted exclusive interviews with almost all famous media in the world, and his speeches at universities also attracted hundreds of meters of queues to collect tickets.
Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949), American linguist. Bloomfield's early work was "Introduction to the Study of Language" published in 1914, which explained language based on psychology. In 1933 his most influential book "On Language" was published. At this time, he had switched from structural psychology to behaviorist psychology. In this book, he proposed the basic principles of the American School of Structural Linguistics' study of language and the general framework for describing language structure, such as the distinction between adherent forms and free forms, the analysis of direct components, the theory of arrangement, etc. His views on language dominated the attitudes and views of most American linguists in the 1930s and 1940s. A large number of linguists gathered under the banner of Bloomfield Linguistics and formed a cloth Longfield School. In the history of American linguistics, some people refer to the years 1933 to 1950 as the Bloomfield Century, which shows Bloomfield's lofty status and great influence in the American linguistics community. Bloomfield also worked on the application of theory, especially in foreign language teaching. In the early 1920s, he compiled a set of English textbooks and German elementary textbooks. During World War II, "A Concise Guide to Field Investigation in Foreign Languages" was compiled. In 1945, he wrote an introduction to Russian grammar for the Russian-English Dictionary compiled by the U.S. Department of Defense. Bloomfield was a founder and former president of the Linguistic Association of America. In addition, he is also a member of some other famous societies in the United States. He has also served as a member of the International Standing Committee of Linguists. He was a member of the International Phonetic Association and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences.
Edward Sapir, American linguist. J. R. Firth was Britain's first linguist. He accepted the idea of ??"linguistic environment" and developed it into the idea of ??"systems" in language research. "Systems" thinking later became a major feature of British linguistics.
Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) is an important founder of modern linguistics and one of the founders of structuralism. He is known as the father of modern linguistics and the originator of structuralism. "Cours de Linguistique Generale" (Cours de Linguistique Generale) is Saussure's representative work, which embodies his basic linguistic thoughts and has a profound impact on modern linguistic research in the twentieth century. At the same time, due to the generality and profoundness of its research perspective and methodology, the ideas in the book have become an important source of thought for structuralism, an important philosophical school in the twentieth century.