Pu Songling, a writer in the Qing Dynasty. Born in a declining landlord family, he read extensively in classics and history and was very knowledgeable. Next, I have compiled an introduction to Pu Songling’s work Nongsang Jing for you, let’s take a look together. Personal profile of Pu Songling

The Pu family came from a Zichuan family and were keen on fame in their early years. His father Pu Panshi's family was already in decline. He had married wives of the Sun family, the Dong family, and the Li family. Pu Songling was the son of the Dong family. When they were young, Zhang Xianzhong and Li Zicheng rebelled. As the Qing army entered the Pass, the society was in turmoil at the time of changing the dynasty to Yi Ding. When Pu Songling was 19 years old, he took the county examination and won the first place in the county, government and road examinations. He was selected as a scholar and was awarded the Shandong Xuezheng Shi's Leap Chapter. His reputation will be remembered in all his lifetimes. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), the eldest son Pu Ruo was born. However, he was extremely unsuccessful in the subsequent imperial examinations. Although he was full of practical knowledge, he repeatedly failed in the provincial examinations. He was promoted to a Linshan student when he was 46 years old, and a tribute student when he was 72 years old. In addition to his meager farm property, he earns a living by teaching and serving as a staff member. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), he married Liu Guoding's daughter.

In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), he passed the Tongsheng Examination for the first time and entered the school with the first place in the county, prefecture and Dao, and was informed of the Shandong Academic Affairs Shi Runzhang. In the 17th year of Shunzhi (1660), he failed in the provincial examination. In the second year of Kangxi (1663), he failed in the provincial examination.

In the third year of Kangxi's reign (1664), he was invited to study at Li Yaochen's family. Zhang Duqing wrote two poems "Heliu Immortal Rhymes", which satirized Pu Songling's futility in recounting stories about ghosts and monsters. In August of the ninth year of Kangxi's reign (1670), he accepted the appointment of Sun Hui, a friend of the same town, in Baoyingzhi County, Jiangsu Province, and made a tour to the south. In the tenth year of Kangxi (1671), spring and summer were in Baoying and Gaoyou. Autumn farewell and return home. In April of the eleventh year of Kangxi's reign (1672), he traveled to Mount Laoshan with Gao Heng and Tang Menglai, the Jin gentry in his hometown. Qiu Ying failed the rural examination. In the fourteenth year of Kangxi's reign (1675), he failed in the provincial examination. In the 18th year of Kangxi's reign (1679), he completed a preliminary collection of novels about fox ghosts and named it "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio". Gao Heng wrote the preface. "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" is Pu Songling's masterpiece. It was basically completed when he was about 40 years old, and has been continuously added and modified since then. "Liao Zhai" is the name of his bookstore, "Zhi" means description, and "Yi Wei" refers to strange stories. There are 491 short stories in the book. The subject matter is very wide and the content is extremely rich. Most of the works powerfully criticized the corruption and darkness of the society at that time by talking about foxes and ghosts, revealing social contradictions to a certain extent and expressing the people's wishes.

In the 22nd year of Kangxi's reign (1683), he wrote "The Complete Book of Weddings". In the 23rd year of Kangxi's reign (1684), he wrote "Quotations from Shen Shen". In the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi's reign (1685), he was ill and bedridden from spring to autumn. In the autumn of the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi's reign (1687), Pu Songling took the provincial examination and was deposed for exceeding his qualifications. In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi's reign (1688), he wrote the preface to Zhang Mei's "Gu Xiang Shu Wu Cao". In the 29th year of Kangxi's reign (1690), Qiu took the provincial examination and was dismissed for fouling again.

In the spring of the 32nd year of Kangxi (1693), Shandong Inspector Yu Chenglong invited him to visit Jinan for a few days. Guandong Biji died of illness, and Pu Songling wrote eight poems "Crying Bi Jishi".

In the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi (1695), Gao Heng died of illness and wrote "In Memory of Mr. Dong Gao". In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi's reign (1696), he wrote "Huai Xing Lu". In autumn, he led Bi's disciples to the provincial capital to take the provincial examination. In June of the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi (1698), Tang Menglai died of illness. Pu Songling wrote the article "Sacrifice to the Taishi of the Tang Dynasty" on behalf of the Jin gentry in his hometown.

In the 41st year of Kangxi (1702), he went to Jinan in late spring and stayed for several months, but failed in the provincial examination. In the forty-third year of Kangxi's reign (1704), there was a severe drought in the Zichuan area. Pu Songling wrote "Mr. Ruan Ting's Reflections on Twenty-Four Rhymes". In the forty-fourth year of Kangxi's reign (1705), he wrote "Nongsang Jing". In the forty-fifth year of Kangxi's reign (1706), he wrote "The Book of Medicine". In the forty-sixth year of Kangxi's reign (1707), Zhu Xiang died of illness, and Pu Songling wrote "In Memory of Zhu Ziqing".

In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi’s reign (1709), Ji Chou exposed on behalf of the people that Kang Lizhen, the Zichuan grain manager, had illegally increased the land tax and silver. At the end of the year, he withdrew his accounts and returned home, ending his thirty-year career as a foreigner in the Bi family.

In May of the fiftieth year of Kangxi (1711), Wang Shizhen died of illness. Pu Songling wrote four elegy poems "Mr. Yuyang dreamed of Yuyang in the dark day and night of May, but he didn't know that he had already donated guests for several days." Of. In October, he went to Qingzhou to take the tribute examination and became a tribute student. He learned about Huang Shulin, an academic in Shandong. Composed the slang song "Notes on the Wall".

In the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi (1715), Pu Songling passed away due to illness at the age of 76. Introduction to Pu Songling's works Nongsang Jing

"Nongsang Jing" was written in the forty-fourth year of Kangxi (1705) and became a The book has been circulated among the people in the form of handwritten books. Several copies are now stored in Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Management Office, China Agricultural Heritage Research Office, Liaoning Provincial Library, Beijing Agricultural University, South China Agricultural University and other places. In 1962, "Pu Songling Collection" published by Zhonghua Book Company included "Nongsang Jing" as one of the miscellaneous works. This was the first time that "Nongsang Jing" was published nearly 300 years ago. In 1982, the Agricultural Publishing House published "Nongsang Jing's Compilation and Annotation" edited and annotated by Li Changnian.

The content of "Agricultural Sutra" mainly consists of two parts: "Agricultural Jing" and "Sericulture Jing". "Agricultural Jing" summarizes the experience of farmers in arranging agricultural activities according to the month. "Sericulture Jing" includes silkworm raising and Planting mulberry method. "Nongsang Jing" has simple literature and is easy to understand, and its content is mostly about practical rural technologies with local characteristics. For example, "Plowing the Fields in February" writes: "Don't plow early in spring and don't plow late in autumn." "Planting Cotton in March" says: "It is not advisable to plant early, for fear of spring cold damaging the seedlings; and it is not advisable to plant late, fearing autumn frost will damage the peaches." Around the time of Qingming and Grain Rain, depending on the weather conditions, plant them a little early. Although the seedlings are not dense, there will be many peaches with dense knots. Later, the seedlings will be more abundant but the peaches will be sparse. If migratory locusts occur, they may be frightened by flags, or grass may accumulate on the banks of fields and smoked by fire. The silkworm room for raising silkworms should be quiet, warm, dry, bright and clean. The book also lists a variety of mulberry tree planting methods and introduces the overlapping method of mulberry trees in detail. It can be seen from the book "Agricultural and Mulberry Classic" that Pu Songling had a thorough understanding of agriculture and sericulture production and was quite researched.

The reason why Pu Songling was able to write the agricultural work "Nongsang Jing" is not accidental. Pu has lived in the countryside for a long time, understands the sufferings of the people, and deeply understands the importance of agriculture to the national economy and people's livelihood. He said in the preface of "Nongsang Jing": "The most important thing at home is farming outside and silkworms inside." In the past, Han's "Agricultural Training" said that "wells and wells" can make dandies and scholars know how to farm. I read it and became good at it. In the middle, the words may not be complete, or the practice may not be complete, but the practice cannot be carried out because of unnecessary additions and deletions. Also, those who have learned extensively about ancient and modern theories on silkworms have collected them into a book and appended them to the following. Although it cannot be applied to the world, it can be used to educate future generations. ? He said in the poem "Shi Zhuer": ? Everyone has their own business in life, how can they all be noble officials? But if you can farm mulberry trees, you can also make a bean basket. ?These all show that Pu attaches great importance to agriculture and mulberry and the purpose of writing this book. Pu Songling's famous sayings

1. Use me to give you three lives of fireworks in exchange for your confusion for the rest of your life. ? Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

2. The long street is long and the fireworks are numerous. You pick up the lamp and look back. The short pavilion is short and the mortal world is rolling around. I sigh again. ?Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

3. The long street pavilion, the fireworks are blooming, I pick up the lamp and look back, the moon is like a shuttle, the world is rolling, you sigh again and listen to the broken strings of the piano, only regret that it is difficult to say goodbye. The clouds and clouds wax and wane, and the joys and sorrows of one day use me to create fireworks to change your life of confusion? Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

4. Standing on the river embankment a thousand years ago, the waves are beating against the rocks. Thousands of years of thoughts are mixed into a pool! Three generations of love, thousands of reincarnations, passing through Qiong Tower and vermilion attic several times; shadows are made in the bamboo forest, the tent is lightly untied, and the reflection is red. Drunk lying on the battlefield, pointing out the country, laughing and talking about the situation, how many years have passed; caressing a farewell, dancing a song of mourning, a bit of sadness, many vicissitudes of life, the youth and beauty are gone in an instant, so why not dance drunkenly with the remaining snow? Taste the past life Wine sings the song of this life, expressing unfinished lovesickness! You, I would give you three lives in exchange for one. ?Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

5. The long street is long and the fireworks are numerous. You pick up the lamp and look back. The short pavilion is short and the mortal world is rolling around. I sigh again. In the end, who made the string break, the flowers fell on the shoulders, and there was a trance and confusion. So many beauties were haggard, so many lovesicknesses were broken, leaving only blood stained with ink and fragrance, and weeping in the grave. The boundless earth can be destroyed with a single sword, where is the bustling music and singing. Leaning against the clouds, thousands of pots hide my loneliness, even if others laugh at me in vain. Let him be pure and turbid in everything, and he will fall into reincarnation just because of your smile. I send you a song, no matter who gathers or disperses at the end of the song. Who burns the smoke away and scatters the ties of vertical and horizontal. Listen to the strings break, break those three thousand obsessions. The falling flowers are obliterated, and the wind is obliterated. If the flower is pity, it falls on whose fingertips. The lights are sparkling, the voices are disappearing, and the songs are endless, beacon fires in troubled times. Like beautiful flowers, time flies like a fleeting time. We can't go back to the past, but we can't go back to the beginning. It seems that these stars are not last night, for whom the wind and dew set the midnight sun. Butterflies are beautiful, but after all, butterflies cannot fly across the sea. Mountains and rivers are handed over, and I smile for you. When all the floating flowers and waves are gone, I will be alone with you.

? Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

6. Where there is a will, things come true. The cauldron sinks the boat. One hundred and two Qin Passes will eventually belong to Chu. People who work hard will not be let down by God. If they work hard and taste their courage, three thousand Yue Jia can swallow Wu. . ?Pu Songling's "Pu Songling's Self-Encouragement Couplet"

7. The ups and downs of the years, the millennium of years, the millennium of waiting, the ups and downs of three lives, I am like a passer-by, appreciating how many sorrows and how many changes in the world. , from ancient times to the present, several reincarnations have become history. After experiencing the sorrow and pain of three lives, I can only look at it but cannot say it. I exchanged the misery of three lives for the opportunities of this life, the love of this life, I exchanged the three lives for this The marriage of a lifetime, the togetherness of this lifetime! The years of reincarnation bring beauty, and the eyes turn into mulberry fields in an instant. The spiritual flowers on the other side are always blooming, burning my lonely soul. However, what is rolling back is my endless longing, and what is weighed down by the stone of three lives is my unfinished persistence! ? Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

8. I cursed the heaven to betray me for a thousand years. The golden halberd and the silver hook reflected the bloody night. I repaired my armor and pointed to the nine heavens. However, the heaven betrayed me for three lifetimes. After I have exhausted my endless blood and tears, staining the sky with blood, and destroying the majestic mountains, I have destroyed thousands of years of cultivation. I am willing to cast a thousand-year blood curse for a lonely ghost, and use my three lifetimes of suffering to exchange for your confusion for one lifetime. Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" < /p>

9. The street is long and the fireworks are numerous. You turn on the light to look back. The short pavilion is short and the world is shattered. I sigh again. The flowers fell on the shoulders, in a trance. How many beauties are haggard, how many lovesicknesses are broken, only blood stains the ink fragrance and cries litter the grave. ? Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

10. When I write about lovesickness in tears, I shed more tears when I write about lovesickness? Pu Songling

11. If my life is like a beautiful scene fireworks, then I am willing to use three such beautiful fireworks in exchange for your confusion in this life. ? Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

12. Sexual insanity will lead to a condensed mind. Therefore, if you are a bookworm, you must be good at writing, and if you are an art lover, you must have good skills. Those who are in a state of decline without success are those who claim to be not crazy. ?Pu Songling

13. "What a little vixen who is infatuated with a man in the world said: I am willing to use my three lives of fireworks to exchange for your confusion for a lifetime. Remarks: If there are three thousand pieces of water, only take one ladle to drink. Jiao Mei Of the thousands, only one pity can be picked! Among all living beings, the flowers are confusing, and there are thousands of changes. After many vicissitudes of life, how many people worry about their old friends? The moon is waxing and waning, and the moon has changed in several lives. Who sighs at the moon? The flowers bloom and wither, how many people are buried? The flowers are crying? The neon lights are flashing, the paper is in chaos, and a few people are wandering on the street corner! In the rolling world, where is the one who is still in my heart? Sighing the past life, mourning the miss in this life, waiting for the love in the next life, three generations of marriage, after many reincarnations, who "People are on the stage of reincarnation, waiting persistently, accompanying each other on the other side, but what they are accompanied by is the loneliness and sorrow of three lives! I swear to the apocalypse, use my three lives of fireworks to exchange for your confusion and marriage for a lifetime! The ups and downs of the years, the millennia of years, the millennia of waiting. , the ups and downs of three lives, I am like a passer-by appreciating the sorrows and changes in the world. From ancient times to the present, the reincarnations have become history. From Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

14. When you are in the clouds, you will never forget your poverty and lowliness. This is the reason why you are a god. Today, I am in the car with you. I would rather meet Dai Li again. Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

15. If you do good with intention, you will not be rewarded even though it is good; if you do evil without intention, you will not be punished even if you are evil. ?Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

16. Some people fall in love with the wrong person because of loneliness, but more people fall in love with the wrong person and stay lonely all their lives. Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

17. The historical change has finally come. I thank God for giving me this opportunity. I long for your love. After several reincarnations, you are still the same you. You have not changed. You are still the same person. I gave up. A person who only has one marriage in three lives. I'm waiting for you at that ancient temple, just like I was waiting for you back then. The situation has changed, but why haven't I seen your arrival for a long time? Why haven't I met you before? ? Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

18. There are many friends at banquets and laughs, and few friends know each other in times of adversity. ?Pu Songling