Speech refers to a speaker using audio language as the main means to express his or her views on a certain issue or event to the public in a specific time and space environment. Speech is essentially a promotional activity whose ultimate purpose is to persuade, educate, inspire and motivate a broad audience. The process of giving a speech is a process in which the speaker uses his or her "performance" and "telling" to make the audience change their attitudes consistent with their own expectations. Undoubtedly, the quality of the speaker is the decisive factor in the success of the speech. The speaker's ideological character, cultural accomplishment, etc. have a great impact on the effectiveness of the speech. So, what requirements does a successful speech have on the speaker’s psychological quality? This article will analyze the psychological quality structure that speakers should possess from the three major psychological processes of psychology: "knowledge, emotion, and intention." I believe this will inspire speakers to improve their own quality structure.

First of all, from the perspective of "knowledge", that is, the process of understanding, the speaker should have the following psychological qualities.

1. Rich imagination. In the preparation stage of writing speeches and trial lectures, when the speaker is engaged in thinking and memory activities, if he can also imagine the situation during the speech (such as the audience's reaction, the atmosphere of the venue, etc.), and proceed accordingly Adjustments (such as designing different opening remarks) will not only help improve the quality of the speech, but also make the speech more relevant to the atmosphere of the scene. Many successful speakers are good at boldly imagining the actual speech scenarios during the preparation stage of their speeches. The "quick wit" displayed by some speakers during the speech process is actually not the result of quick wits but the result of envisioning a certain situation in advance.

2. Good memory quality. It is common knowledge that the speaker must know what he is talking about. Familiarity with the speech script is the basic condition for enhancing the effectiveness of the speech, but remembering what to say is not the same as memorizing the speech script. Treating a speech as just reciting a speech is tantamount to turning a blind eye to the audience's reaction, and a common consequence is over-reliance on the speech. When the speaker suddenly forgets the content, his mind will go blank. Former British Prime Minister Churchill got himself into trouble when he was young for reciting a speech before the British Parliament. The trick to remembering the content of a speech is to organize the manuscript logically from beginning to end and create a clue, such as the beginning, the main meaning to be expressed, and the ending. There is no need to forcefully remember some details. Just remember the key points and leave some space to develop them in the actual speech. This will force the speaker to think while speaking, and only in this way will it feel like "telling" rather than "memorizing". In addition, the speaker is also required to have the following good memory qualities: accuracy - not to be pretentious; persistence - not forgetting once; readiness - being able to convey various useful information in a timely manner when needed Extract it.

3. Good thinking quality. Thinking ability is the most important cognitive ability of human beings and the core of human intelligence. "Speech is the voice of the heart", the content of the speech is the result of the speaker's thinking on the problem. Whether a speaker can convince people with reason is subject to the quality of his thinking. The good thinking qualities of a speaker mainly include: clear thinking and rigorous logic, so that people will not feel inconsistent after listening; having a certain degree of independence and flexibility, especially in speeches on the same theme, unique thinking perspectives will give The refreshing feeling can attract the attention of the audience very well. Flexibility of thinking is closely related to independence, which is manifested in being good at making arguments from different angles, being as proficient in examples that can illustrate the arguments as if they were at your fingertips, and being informal in the means of argumentation. One grid; at the same time, good thinking quality is also reflected in quick and correct thinking activities, and the ability to tactfully deal with various incidents that occur during the speech. When the female writer Chen Rong gave a speech at a university in the United States, the audience asked her a provocative question: "I heard that you are not yet a member of the Communist Party of China. What are your personal feelings towards the Communist Party of China? " Chen Rong replied smartly: "Your information is very accurate. I am indeed not a member of the Communist Party of China, but my husband is an old Communist Party member, and I have lived with him for decades. There is no sign of divorce this year, which shows how deep my feelings are for the Communist Party of China." This speech shocked everyone, reflecting Chen Rong's good thinking quality and grace. (Interpersonal Psychology)

4. Keen observation. A successful speech is inseparable from the insight into the audience's psychology, which is a test of the speaker's observation ability. When a speaker is writing a speech, the first thing he needs to do is to understand the psychological characteristics and common needs and interests of the audience he is facing, which relies on daily observation and accumulation. Comrade Qu Xiao once went to Dabei Prison in Shenyang to give a speech to criminals, the content of which was to ask criminals to plead guilty and accept reform. When it came to the title at the beginning of his speech, Qu Xiao considered that people who commit crimes hate the title "criminal" the most. After some painstaking thinking, he used this title: "Young friends who have violated the laws of the country." You can imagine how affectionate this title is to the criminals. "After learning from the teacher, you will believe in it." The following speech naturally achieved a very good educational effect. In addition, when giving a live speech, the speaker must carefully observe the audience's reaction. The idea that a speech is a one-man show performed by the speaker is simply wrong. Lectures, like classes, are an interactive process between both parties. An experienced speaker not only realizes that he is the protagonist, but also must realize that he should always pay attention to the audience's reaction during the speech.

The audience's reaction is the basis for the speaker to adjust the content and strategy of his speech, and it is also the most important indicator for evaluating the success or failure of a speech.

Secondly, from the perspective of "emotion", that is, the emotional process, the speaker should have the following qualities.

1. Noble sentiments. Although noble sentiments cannot be observed in a single speech, noble sentiments, as a manifestation of personal personality charm, will definitely be projected in speech activities. The audience can understand the speaker's ideological realm from the content of the speech and the speaker's mental outlook. The speaker's noble sentiments can not only ensure the ideological content of the speech, but also make the audience admire the speaker, thereby producing emotional "generalization" and making the speech content easier to accept. The speaker's noble sentiments should be reflected in the word "love": love life, love life, love the people around you, and at the same time love yourself, and always look at everything with affirmation and acceptance. "Without love, there is no education." The purpose of speech is to persuade and influence others. Therefore, it can be said that "without love, there is no speech." Only by treating the audience as friends and confidants can the speaker and the audience share sympathy* **Happy results. In addition, noble and healthy emotions also require the speaker to have a sense of humor, that is, to be good at expressing emotions in humorous language. Lenin once pointed out that humor is a beautiful and healthy quality. Using humor in a speech can not only increase vividness, but sometimes also play a role in relaxing the atmosphere. For example, John Roark, the famous black lawyer in the United States, designed this opening in his "Speech for the Emancipation of Black Slaves": "Ladies and gentlemen, I am here not so much to give a speech as to It's better to add a little color to the occasion. "This is the highest level of humor, which is both funny and profound.

2. Be passionate about the content of your speech. The famous speaker Albert Hubardrew said: "What wins the trust of the audience in a speech is the attitude of the speech rather than the content of the speech." The passion shown by the speaker during the speech plays the key to the success of the speech. The role of sex, especially in the "storm speech", a speech method that relies on passion to shock the audience. This is first of all because the speaker's enthusiasm for the speech will have a huge motivating effect on his own behavior, allowing the speaker to fully devote himself to the speech; on the other hand, because the speaker becomes the focus of the audience as soon as he steps on the stage. At this moment, the audience's emotions are all in their hands. Since emotions have the function of contagion, the speaker's emotional investment is a key part of driving the atmosphere of the whole room. Mr. Wen Yiduo's "The Last Speech" attracts and inspires people precisely because he channeled his burning emotions and fiery passion into his speech. When people think of Martin Luther King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech, the first thing that comes to mind is the speaker's passionate and passionate face.

3. Good at using various facial expressions. In order for the speaker to let the audience understand his own thoughts and resonate with his own emotions, in addition to using language as a means, he must also be good at using various expression means. There are three types of human expressions: facial expressions, body expressions and verbal expressions. These three expressions play a very important role in interpersonal communication. In terms of facial expressions, they should be natural and changeable. Every smile, frown and emotion should be consistent with the content of the speech. Pay special attention to the role of the eyes and be able to speak with them. In terms of body and expression, the main thing is to be able to use various gestures to match the content of the speech. This must first understand the functions of various gestures. Generally speaking, natural and smooth gestures can help the speaker explain the problem calmly, sharp and powerful gestures can help the speaker sublimate emotions, and steady and implicit gestures can help the speaker express his feelings. Verbal expression mainly refers to the tone of voice and the speed of speaking. The voice is the medium between the speaker and the audience. The speaker must be good at combining the content of the speech with the audience's reaction, letting emotions determine the changes in the voice, and achieving "emotion to support the voice" purpose and capture the audience's attention.

Finally, from the perspective of "meaning", which is the process of will, a successful speech requires the speaker to have good will quality.

This is because speech, as a relatively high-intensity activity, is essentially an act of will. Good qualities of will include: consciousness, self-control, decisiveness and persistence. It can be said that these four qualities are necessary to complete a successful speech. The speaker has a deep understanding of the purpose of the speech, which is a manifestation of consciousness; in order to achieve the purpose, he actively overcomes various internal and external difficulties, such as resisting the interference of irrelevant stimuli, regulating his emotions to obey the needs of the speech, and handling the speech process tactfully. This is a concentrated expression of self-control, decisiveness and persistence in emergencies. Speakers must have high emotional intelligence - they must be able to grasp the emotional state of the audience and themselves in a timely and appropriate manner and effectively regulate it, so that the speech can go smoothly in the direction they expect. A person with high emotional intelligence is actually a strong-willed person.

The above explains the necessary psychological quality structure of the speaker from the three aspects of knowledge, emotion and intention. In real life, these three psychological processes are integrated and interpenetrated. When a speaker strengthens one aspect of his or her psychological quality, it will also invisibly promote other psychological qualities. If you want to be full of passion when giving a speech, you need a certain amount of imagination and the participation of will. Good psychological quality is the basis for a successful speech, and the improvement of psychological quality mainly depends on acquired training.

No one is born a speaker. From Demosthenes in ancient Greece to Churchill mentioned above, as well as some of the speakers we are familiar with, their experiences tell us that as long as they make unremitting efforts and planned training, they can achieve success. Successful speaking doesn’t have to be difficult. Speech is a great display of a person's intellectual talent and psychological quality. Knowledge is acquired through accumulation and then profound, and psychological quality can only be improved through practical exercise.

Therefore, to be a successful speaker, you also need to have the character trait of "confidence": believe in yourself, as long as you have the intention and practice well, you will definitely do better!