It means to have a comprehensive mind and know everything about the movement of heaven and earth, so that there will be no doubts about this approach. Serve the common people and regard it as their duty to redress their grievances. At the same time, he worked hard to inherit the teachings of ancient saints and never tired of studying. Wave the flag for eternal peace and prevent unrest and chaos.
Zhang Zai (1020-December 6, 1077), courtesy name Zihou, was a native of Fengxiang County (now Hengqu Town, Mei County, Shaanxi Province). Thinker, educator and one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Song Zhenzong was born in Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi) in the fourth year of Tianxi's reign (1020). When he was young, he liked to discuss the art of war and published "Nine Articles of Bilateral Discussion". Befriend Fan Zhongyan and study the Six Classics of Confucianism. After passing the rank of Jinshi, he joined the army under the jurisdiction of Qizhou, was awarded the magistrate of Yunyan County, and moved to Zuo Lang and Chongwen Academy Shulang. After resigning and returning home, he gave lectures in Guanzhong and established a school of thought called "Guan Xue".
In the 10th year of Xining (1077), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he died of illness in Lintong at the age of fifty-eight. He was known as Mr. Hengqu in the world, honored as Zhang Zi, granted the title of sage, and was enshrined in the 38th place in the west veranda of the Confucius Temple. , together with Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, are collectively known as the "Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty".
Zhang Zai believes that human beings' natural nature, that is, the nature of heaven and earth, is not bad, but it is bad due to the obstruction and obstruction of the nature of temperament. In order to make people good, they must go through education, learning, changing their temperament, returning to the original good, and thus becoming a moral person. The ultimate goal of education is to reach the state of sainthood.
His famous sayings of "establishing a heart for heaven and earth, establishing a destiny for the people, carrying on the unique knowledge for the past saints, and creating peace for all generations" were called "Four Sentences in Hengqu" by contemporary philosopher Feng Youlan because of their conciseness and conciseness. , which has been praised throughout the ages.
Extended information:
"Establish a heart for the world, establish a destiny for the people, carry on the unique learning for the saints, and create peace for the world." In Zhang Zai's spiritual heritage, these four This famous saying is widely recited and is the essence of his thoughts. Feng Youlan called it "Four Hengqu Sentences".
The ideological content contained in these 22 words is very rich. To explain it in more popular terms, it means to explore the laws of the universe, seek the truth about the healthy development of human beings, inherit the progressive thoughts of the sages and saints, and use advanced Governing the country with ideological methods ensures that the entire country and even mankind can live a happy and worry-free life. This is Zhang Zai's philosophy of governance.
Zhang Zai regards the people as his compatriots and all things as his friends, which embodies his sense of responsibility and spiritual pursuit of caring for the common people and having the world in mind. Zhang Zai's life is a true portrayal of "the harmony of people and things". The ethical sentiment of "common people and things" best embodies Zhang Zairen's ideological spirit of filial piety.
Baidu Encyclopedia—Zhang Zai