I specially recorded Marshal Chen Yi's mourning poem to pay tribute to the country's mourning:
I was very calm when I was righteous, and I was not humiliated when I was big. The People's Chai City Festival is full of splendor.
this July is the 82nd anniversary of the birth of China * * * production party. When people look back on those stormy years, they should first remember the founder of the epoch-making, that is, Comrade Li Dazhao in "South Chen Bei Lee".
■ Chen Duxiu wrote to ask the name of the party, and Li Dazhao decided: "It's called the * * * production party!"
Li Dazhao, whose name is Shou Chang, is from Daheituo Village, Laoting County, Hebei Province. Born in 1889, the teenager entered a private school and was familiar with the four books of classics and history. He entered Yongpingfu Middle School opened in the New Deal in late 195 and was admitted to the newly opened Beiyang Law and Politics School two years later. The outbreak of the Revolution of 1911 deeply influenced him, and he began to care about the country and the people. After graduation, he went to the famous Waseda University in Japan in 1913 and entered the political undergraduate course.
during his three years in Japan, Li Dazhao carefully read the works of Kawakami Akira and Yukio Qiushui, the disseminators of early Japanese socialist ideas, and came into contact with Marxism, but his mind was also compatible with other ideas. After returning to China, he devoted himself to the New Culture Movement, started a newspaper in advance, and went to Peking University, the birthplace of China's new ideas, as the director of the library. After comparing and testing in social practice and learning the news of the victory of the Russian revolution, I finally established the belief of * * * in ideology from 1918, and thought that only this truth could save China.
On May 4, 1919, Beijing students spontaneously held a patriotic demonstration, and Li Dazhao gave a speech to encourage and run to rescue the arrested people. At the beginning of the following year, he discussed the party building with Chen Duxiu, and supported Deng Zhongxia, a student of Peking University, to organize an early * * * production organization, which was called "Kangmuyizhai" (English Communism, the homonym of * * production). In the spring of the same year, Chen Duxiu wrote to ask whether the name of the party was called "Socialist Party", and Li Dazhao replied with a final word: "It is called * * * Production Party!"
In late July p>1921, the First National Congress of China was held in Shanghai, but Li Dazhao was unable to attend the meeting because his colleagues in the school needed him to solve their livelihood. In August of the following year, Li Dazhao went to Shanghai to visit Sun Yat-sen, and on behalf of Zhong * * *, he proposed to join the Kuomintang and was approved, becoming the matchmaker for establishing the first cooperation between the two countries. At the first National Congress of the Kuomintang in 1924, Li Dazhao, who had a "cross-party" status, became one of the five members of the presidium. In the same year, he personally drove his comrades across the northeast border and went to Moscow to attend the fifth international congress of * * * production and visited it for five months. Later, he returned to Beijing as the secretary of the Northern District Party Committee, and was wanted by warlords as the chief of the "Northern Red". On March 18th, 1926, he was not afraid of risks. After presiding over the anti-imperialist congress, he led a mass procession to petition the Duan Qirui government, and was shot and slaughtered by the military and police. Li Dazhao, who was at the forefront of the team, was injured in the head and hand. After he escaped from danger, he led the organs of the Northern District Committee to escape into the barracks next to the Soviet Embassy, where he led the struggle against imperialism and warlords.
■ The warlord of Fengzhi used an imported hanging machine to execute Li Dazhao by three strangulation and strangulation for 4 minutes. Every time there was war in old China, it was a common practice for exiled warlords and politicians to take refuge in foreign embassies. However, the western powers imposed double standards on Chinese leaders entering the Soviet embassy, encouraging Zhang Zuolin, a vassal warlord, to break international practice and break into raids. Someone called the police in advance. After all, Li Dazhao was born as a scholar and underestimated the sinister situation and did not transfer.
On the morning of April 6, 1927, Beijing military police were released by foreign defenders in the embassy district of Dongjiaominxiang, raided the Soviet embassy and arrested Li Dazhao and others. In prison, Li Dazhao was tortured by peeling his nails, but he was still firm. Confronted with condemnation from all walks of life and the cries of celebrities for rescue, Feng warlord actually killed 2 arrested people with a gallows newly imported from Western Europe on April 28th, and especially used the "three-stranded execution" method to prolong Li Dazhao's suffering. The strangulation lasted for 4 minutes. Li Dazhao was 38 years old.
Li Dazhao is a posthumous son. He lost his mother at the age of three, and he has neither brothers nor sisters. Before his execution, the famous * * * producer left a photo: his broad forehead was clean, his expression was natural under his thick black eyebrows, and his square face was peaceful, but under his wrinkled gray cotton gown, a thick black chain hung ... < P > ■ "South Chen Bei Li" initiated the establishment of the * * * party organization, which was the most advanced in thought and culture in China from the beginning. In our country, which has a splendid history and deep suffering, a figure like Li Dazhao was born to break the dawn for Chixian County, where the night is hard to know. Advanced thoughts have never been produced on the basis of advanced productive forces, and can not come from the backward soil like the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Boxer Rebellion. In modern times, China people who wanted to save the nation and survive were frustrated with their old ideological weapons, and they sought the truth from abroad. Eight-Nation Alliance's brutal invasion brought the old system of the Qing Dynasty close to collapse, the imperial examination was abolished in the early 2th century, and foreign schools with new learning as the mainstay appeared on the land of China, and Li Dazhao just became the first generation of students. At that time, Chinese people saw that Japan could learn from the West and become prosperous rapidly. Before and after the Russo-Japanese War, tens of thousands of young people went to Japan to study, including Li Dazhao. Although the Japanese invasion of China was the worst disaster, China students came into contact with advanced culture there and sprouted the earliest rational anti-imperialist revolutionary thought. China's Marxist-Leninist works, which were first seen by the pioneers of new ideas, were also Japanese translations, among which Li Dazhao was the most brilliant representative. What Li Dazhao saw in a country with developed productive forces was in sharp contrast with the tragic situation of his homeland in China. After returning home, he was fully qualified to be among the upper classes and enjoy the splendor, but he was willing to give up everything, preferring to dedicate himself and lighting the revolutionary flame to transform all the old things, just like Prometheus who stole the fire from heaven in Greek mythology.
According to the timetable, Li Dazhao was earlier than Chen Duxiu, and he was the first person to sow the ideology of * * * in China. He also actively participated in the New Culture Movement, called for science and democracy, and attacked the stale old system. The Central Party Organization initiated by "South Chen Bei Li" was the representative of the most advanced ideas and culture in China from the beginning, and showed the future generations the direction of China society.
■ Among the celebrities in the Red Mansion of Peking University, only Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu's attitude towards Mao Zedong was an exception at first
In October p>1918, Li Dazhao's colleague in Peking University, Professor Yang Changji (the father of Yang Kaihui), led a tall young man to the library in the Red Mansion (located in the beach of Dongcheng District) to find a job. At the first conversation, Li Dazhao felt that the young man named Mao, Ming Zedong and Zi Runzhi had extraordinary speech and knowledge, and agreed to arrange him as an assistant with a monthly salary of 8 yuan. Since then, Mao Zedong has been auditing philosophy and journalism classes while working, and always wants to ask celebrities for advice. However, he later recalled to Si Nuo that "everyone ignored me" and "they were all busy people and had no time to listen to a library assistant speak Southern dialect."
Among the celebrities in the Red Chamber of Peking University, at first, only Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu's attitude towards Mao Zedong was an exception. Mr. Shou Chang, who is an academic authority and is well-known all over the world, has always been willing to support young people with aspirations. He often visits this subordinate with only a secondary normal education, not only asking questions, but also often recommending new books and introducing famous teachers such as Hu Shi. After contact and in-depth discussion, many scholars also feel that this library assistant with strong Hunan accent has extraordinary aspirations and opinions, and then he is willing to communicate with him wholeheartedly.
Li Dazhao is four years older than Mao Zedong. When he first arrived in Beijing, Mao Zedong broadened his horizons through Li Dazhao's introduction and provided learning conditions, got in touch with the ideology of * * * and mastered the methods of comparing and distinguishing various schools. Later, Li Dazhao presided over the work in the north for a long time, with the first generation of promising young people such as Deng Zhongxia, Chen Qiaonian, Gao Junyu, He Mengxiong, Chen Yi, etc. at the beginning of the party's founding. Although the age difference is not very big, everyone regards Li Dazhao as a loyal elder and is willing to accept his teachings at ordinary times. If there are internal disputes and contradictions, please ask him to resolve them. It is well-deserved to call Li Dazhao the mentor of China's revolutionary mentor.
■ Li Dazhao disguised himself as a coachman and escorted Chen Duxiu out of the city. The two men discussed the party building on the Beijing-Tianjin road.
Since ancient times, Yan Zhao was a generous and heroic man, and Li Dazhao was also influenced by this wind. Trust relatives and friends, comrades and even workers around them, and do not hesitate to undress when they are in trouble. His wife is a hometown woman who is several years older than him. She has no education. After returning from studying abroad, Li Dazhao, as a literary celebrity, was advised to dismiss this worthless woman. He flatly refused and always respected and loved each other. There are many warlords, politicians and reactionary literati who hate Li Dazhao in the society, but no one attacks his personal morality.
In June p>1919, Chen Duxiu, who was recognized as the leader of the May 4th Movement, was arrested by the Beijing warlord government. Li Dazhao contacted all walks of life to rescue him. In the autumn of the same year, Chen Duxiu was apparently released, but was placed under house arrest. Li Dazhao studied with fellow volunteers and decided to send him to Shanghai to play a leading role. Because Chen Duxiu can't speak the northern dialect, and it is difficult for him to leave the city under the supervision of police detectives, Li Dazhao decided to personally escort him. In January of the following year, he disguised himself as a driver, took out the skills he learned in the countryside as a teenager, and went to Chen Duxiu's apartment to pick up a covered carriage. When you meet the city gate, you can calmly deal with it, and then go straight to Tianjin Wharf along the path. Li Dazhao, while driving the bus on the road, discussed with Chen Duxiu that a * * * producer party should be established. The two men got the knowledge of * * * and decided to split up in the north and south. China * * * produced the first article on party building, which was written in the carriage on the Beijing-Tianjin road. In March 192, Wei kinski, director of the Far East Bureau of the * * * Production International Group, came to China to contact China revolutionaries. He first went to Beijing to find Li Dazhao. After talking, they reached an agreement on the establishment of the * * * production party. Later, Li Dazhao introduced Wei kinski to Shanghai to meet Chen Duxiu, and established international contacts for the early organization of China's * * * production party. On May 1st of the same year, Li Dazhao led 5 teachers, students and workers from Peking University to hold a conference to commemorate the International Labor Day, and gave a generous speech at the conference. After the meeting, two cars were used to plug in red flags, and leaflets were distributed in the city. Since then, the Party's revolutionary flag has been flying on the land of China. Li Dazhao's running activities are often followed by spies, but he is always contemptuously dismissed as a "dog" without fear. His monthly salary at Peking University is as high as 25 yuan. Apart from maintaining a simple household, he spends all his money on the Party or helps the poor around him. When the family was killed, there was no money left, and the wife and daughter relied on friendly support from all walks of life. After Tomb-Sweeping Day in 1933, Li Dazhao's coffin was sent to Wan 'an Cemetery in the western suburbs by teachers and students of Peking University for burial. Although three regiments of Kuomintang military police suppressed it like tigers and wolves, and even shot at the funeral procession, more and more people from all walks of life in the city gathered spontaneously, and the wreaths were tied up for one kilometer in West Chang 'an Avenue. It can be seen that Li Dazhao's character and demeanor remain in the hearts of the people!