As a Chinese teacher who has been working hard in the front line for a long time, I know that improving Chinese literacy is not a cold day, and it is necessary to start from the nuances and cultivate students' habit of diligent accumulation. Through nearly ten years of Chinese teaching practice, I have been exposed to cases of reading comprehension errors caused by insufficient table accumulation, which made me realize that to improve Chinese literacy, we must start with accumulation.
The accumulation of Chinese literacy includes two aspects: first, explicit accumulation, which is factual and informative. It includes words, sentences and other language materials, knowledge, materials, typical cases of language use, including wonderful and ingenious cases, representative examples of mistakes and language modification, and has become its own "language library" through application and accumulation. The second is hidden accumulation, including the accumulation of ideas, methods, emotional experiences and life experiences.
In the usual teaching, teachers should guide students to accumulate, guide students to accumulate methods, and cultivate students' good learning quality and habits. I do this in my teaching:
Method 1: Read aloud. The ancients said, "Read it a hundred times and you will know its meaning." . Reading aloud is an effective accumulation method. Typical language materials, including ancient and modern poems and famous sayings, should be memorized. So I make full use of the opportunity of recitation training before class to let students recite famous sayings and aphorisms. And promote students' accumulation through poetry reading. As the saying goes: "Read 300 Tang poems by heart, and if you can't write, you can recite them." By memorizing a large number of famous Chinese and foreign articles, students' Chinese literacy can be improved.
Method 2: Take notes, take cards and cut newspapers. Teachers help students classify and summarize, and guide students to accumulate by taking notes, taking cards, cutting newspapers and so on. Students make cards by extracting American sentences. Or collect the good-looking articles in the newspaper and make a book, and take them out to read at any time. Over time, the accumulation effect is naturally achieved.
Method 3: Read. Through extracurricular reading, let students feel and experience, write reading notes during reading, and record their feelings, experiences and ideas. Of course, guide students to read after class selectively and purposefully. For example, when I was teaching the novel Kong Yiji, the fourth unit of the eighth grade Chinese, I guided students to read Lu Xun's Hometown, Youth, Blessing, Social Drama and other works after class, so as to understand the unique personality characteristics of the characters in a specific environment and analyze the theme of the novel in a deeper level.
Method 4: Test. Testing is also a good accumulation method. The special integration of the learned knowledge helps students to establish a complete knowledge system in their minds. Unit detection and monthly examination are both tests of students' accumulated mastery of Chinese literacy in the corresponding period. Through testing, we can sort out what we have learned, build a clear and complete knowledge system, and let students have a comprehensive understanding of their own learning situation, so as to check and fill gaps and make continuous progress.
In short, teachers should teach students how to accumulate and consciously cultivate students' good learning quality of accumulation and carding. At the same time, we should pay attention to the induction of methods, and don't be general and disorderly. Guide students to observe and classify specific language materials, materials, laws and methods. And it is not suitable to make it a striped recitation of subject knowledge. Let students learn in fun, habitually comb and accumulate independently, and regard learning Chinese as a pleasure while constantly improving their Chinese literacy. In this way, the significance of Chinese teaching is reflected in the rational brilliance in the continuous accumulation of Chinese literacy!
I. Scope of accumulation
Social life is rich and colorful, and the accumulation of Chinese literacy covers all aspects of the world and every bit of life. What can we accumulate? As small as words and sentences, as large as paragraphs, articles and chapters, language sense, emotion, world outlook and outlook on life can all be the objects of our accumulation. Without the accumulation of social communication and verbal expression, our expression may be meaningless, wordless, heartless and thoughtless. Language sense is a kind of ability gradually formed through reading accumulation. Whether you can know the meaning and feeling of the same paragraph immediately after reading it is because of the different sense of language, which depends largely on reading. Only by reading and understanding, mastering knowledge, accumulating emotions, understanding and accumulating the connotation of Chinese learning, and perfecting and enriching their own lives can students write articles with content and thoughts, and their world outlook and outlook on life will be correct, objective and noble. Therefore, we should read more books of sages, be a conscientious person, smell things outside the window, know the world and know the world. This is of great significance to the cultivation of sound personality and the formation of good behavioral psychological habits.
Ways to accumulate teachers' Chinese literacy
American educator Collenez said: "The extension of Chinese learning is equal to the extension of life." Every moment, every event and every place in life is engraved with the traces of China people. As long as you pay a little attention and accumulate carefully, you will certainly gain something. So what are the channels for accumulation?
1. Textbooks, masterpieces, media, newspapers and magazines, radio and television, and the Internet are the most common ways to accumulate Chinese literacy.
Textbooks are the basis for students to acquire knowledge and cultivate their abilities. They contain works of different styles and schools in different times, which are typical and normative. Most of the texts are of beautiful quality and standardized language, which are good materials for students to accumulate language. In teaching, we should give full play to the exemplary role of language on the basis of Chinese textbooks. "A good book is never tired of reading, and careful readers know it", which tells the true meaning of learning Chinese. Textbooks are generally composed of several sections with optimized structure, such as text selection, reading appreciation, writing, oral communication or "Chinese practice activities". This arrangement can not only improve students' learning enthusiasm and Chinese literacy, but also cultivate students' practical ability, innovation ability and inquiry ability.
Masterpieces are excellent historical and cultural crystallization of human beings. By increasing learning resources, we can cultivate and improve the ability to read textbooks and improve students' overall Chinese literacy. "You hate books less" and "less": one is to read less, and the other is to remember less. Research shows that only through "Expo" can people's cerebral cortex be endowed with multiple languages, and the communication system that has been formed in the brain is more complete and compact. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Reading should be like bees, picking many flowers to make honey. If you bite in one place, you will be greatly restricted. " Teachers should make full use of the school library, the class book corner and the Internet, and choose famous works suitable for students to read, such as fables, fairy tales, novels, poems, essays and popular science works. , so as to meet students' extracurricular reading needs and maximize their knowledge.
Media, newspapers, magazines, radio and television, and the Internet are the reflections of today's social conditions and life. Various columns are numerous, short and pithy, rich in content, beautiful in language, novel in form and easy to absorb and digest, which can cultivate students' sense of language and enhance their writing ability, and also contribute to the improvement of Chinese literacy, the cultivation of sentiment and the shaping of personality. At the same time, in order to ensure students' physical and mental health, students should be guided and selected correctly. For example, newspapers and periodicals can choose Reader, Youth Digest, Motto, Chinese Newspaper, Composition Newspaper and so on.
Through these readings, the gains are all-round: not only the accumulation of knowledge such as words, words, sentences, paragraphs and articles, but also the accumulation of language sense, emotion and thought. For example, after reading a passage or a good article, the words touched my heart, and my heart was moved. Then I wrote down the spark of this thought and the touch of my heart in the form of notes, and I accumulated my thoughts and feelings. This is the accumulated harvest.
2. Life is an important way to accumulate Chinese literacy.
Life is China's. Language comes from life and is used in life. It is necessary to skillfully guide students to carry out corresponding Chinese practice activities in their lives, so that students can have extensive contact with society and accumulate language.
Ye Lao once said: "Only by experiencing from many aspects of life and accumulating social gains bit by bit, the more you accumulate, the deeper you will understand." Educator Rousseau believes that teaching should allow students to learn from life and various activities and gain direct experience by connecting with real life. These words illustrate the profound influence of life practice on language accumulation. Therefore, teachers should jump out of the mindset of "small language", establish a "big language teaching concept", learn Chinese in life, and lead students out of the text and the classroom. Cultivate students' good habits of observing life and being willing to record life, and help students accumulate various appearances in their minds. We should encourage students to participate in social life, be conscientious people in life, guide students to accumulate, feel and experience in life, and promote the improvement of students' Chinese literacy.
First of all, school is an important stage in students' life. The true stories between students, teachers and students, as well as the school buildings and campus environment can all be important resources for Chinese learning. Teachers can also organize students to visit the campus and hold games, competitions and theme activities. Combining with Chinese teaching, let students give speeches, tell stories, perform plays and write, cultivate students' listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities, and improve Chinese literacy in an all-round way.
Secondly, society is a melting pot and a place to learn Chinese. If you teach students to read, you can guide them to pay attention to advertisements on TV, signs in front of shops, instructions on food packaging, every slogan in school, family community and all other places with words. This method of word recognition is not abstract and blunt, but vivid, which students are willing to accept. Another example is to let students collect Spring Festival couplets in winter vacation, ask parents about the meaning of Spring Festival couplets, get to know Spring Festival couplets online, and let everyone communicate in class when school starts. Through reading, talking and reciting activities, students not only accumulated many Spring Festival couplets, but also better understood the characteristics of this folk culture. At ordinary times, you can also use the outing organized by the school to teach students some knowledge without losing the opportunity.
In addition, family is the first place for students to learn Chinese. Parents are the best teachers for children's education. Teachers should make full use of this resource and let students acquire all kinds of knowledge. Students can go back to interview their parents and learn about their professional characteristics; Go to class with your parents for one day to learn some labor knowledge and skills; You can also skillfully design Chinese homework according to students' family characteristics. For example, some parents sell clothes, so they can design clothes advertisements; Some parents sell fruits, so they can write articles about fruits. How do children learn this knowledge in books?
In a word, life is a big classroom, and its educational effect and significance are far greater than our classroom education. Life is full of truth, goodness and beauty, and life is full of love. Record your touch and instant understanding, this is accumulation, and this is the best wealth that life gives us.