Look at Nalan Xingde's words, which are true and sincere, with strong feelings. Every word comes from the heart, and there is little procrastination. Wang Guowei called Nalan "the only person since the Northern Song Dynasty." [1] Nalan Ci is famous for its beauty and elegance. Although there are bold sentences in his frontier works, there are often exquisite brushwork in bold works, such as Spring Tide Over the Great Wall, three points of bold feelings and seven points of beautiful language. Most of his friendship poems are loyal and graceful. Love works, which account for the vast majority of his ci works, are filled with fresh air and stained with light nature.
And the author loves Rong Ruo's mourning works.
The eulogy I mentioned here refers to the eulogy made by Nalan Xingde for Lu, that is, from May 30th, the 16th year of Kangxi (1June 29th, 677) to May 30th, the 24th year of Kangxi (1July 60th, 685), which was written to mourn his dead wife for more than ten years.
One of the characteristics of Nalan Xingde's eulogy is that his eulogy is a dialogue and a spiritual exchange between the living and the dead. Looking at the previous mourning works, the sadness is deep and the mourning between the lines is beyond words. It's already an excellent mourning poem, but it still lacks a little beauty. For example, The Book of Songs, Li Feng, Green Clothes, Green Clothes and Huang Lizi. If you are worried about your heart, you should take care of yourself! "The man's hand caressed the green clothes and cried, similar to the whine to himself. There is no lack of true feelings, but a little less communication between heaven and earth. Another example is Pan Yuezhe, "Mourning Poems" is profound, "Like a bird in the Hanlin, it is only once. If he swims in Sichuan, he will analyze the road. " If there is no sadness, it is difficult to make this sentence. "I sigh for a long time, and I don't feel tears on my chest. It is safe to touch your chest, and your sadness begins with it. "It makes readers feel sad to read. If there is a little more smart beauty in sadness, it will be the best top grade of sadness and beauty. Nalan Xingde's eulogy is based on emotion, revealing spirituality, rippling with the smart beauty of longing for spiritual communication in sadness, removing dry sadness and replacing it with implicit darkness, which not only infected readers' feelings, but also shocked readers' souls.
Nalan Xingde's Nanxiangzi is an inscription for the dead woman;
Tears are silent, only regret to get rid of fickle feelings, and rely on the painter to keep knowledge. Yingying. You can't draw it if you are sad.
Don't be too specific Wake up early in the middle of the night. Qing wakes up early and dreams more. Call the rain bell at night.
In this poem, Nalan is not "crying" his wife, nor is he "crying" himself, let alone talking to himself. He wanted to communicate life and death through this way of taking pictures, and there was a * * * sound with the dead. Heaven and man are separated forever. Because "I only regret my past feelings", I will get to know my dead wife again and recall the past through this way of "saving my knowledge by Dan Qing". I also hope that in this process, I can "re-recognize the province" for myself like my dead wife, but it will eventually be a "sad picture". "I can't draw it" because the communication between heaven and man failed. However, Nalan Xingde does not give up this kind of communication, but always believes that love can cross life and death and produce induction. The second half mentioned "wake up early in the morning and dream" and "rain bell at night". The dead are liberated, but the living are trapped in dreams. The Night Rain Bell should be taken from the cases of Emperor Tang Ming and Yang Yuhuan. Similarly, in "Huanxisha", the vows made by Tang He on Tanabata and "Rain Bell" are also mentioned. Legend has it that Ming Taizu and Yang Yuhuan were separated by life and death in the Tang Dynasty, but the truth can still be found in Haixian Mountain through messengers. He also hopes to communicate with his dead wife, "believe that there is no illusion between heaven and earth (Queqiao Xiantanabata)", and use various methods. "Relying on Danqing to keep knowledge (Nanxiangzi, taking pictures of his dead wife)" is a kind of "judging by being a dreamer, calling the truth to drawing with the length of a clear night (Yu Meiren (Chun Qing only went to Pear Blossom Thin)).
Before the beginning of the poem "Qinyuanchun", there is a preface as follows:
Three days before Ding Si's Double Ninth Festival, the woman who died in the dream was dressed in plain clothes, holding her hand and sobbing. Many words have been forgotten. However, there is a parting cloud: "I hope to hate the sky and the moon, but I will still pay a New Year call to Yuen Long every year." I don't know why I got this, because I didn't write a poem, but I felt endowed after I felt it.
Qinyuanchun is a poem about dreaming, and its passion and sadness can be compared with Su Shi's Jiang Chengzi Mao Yi Dreaming Night and Night on the 20th day of the first month. The hatred for his dead wife is also the hatred contained in Nalan Xingde. Since people can't get together, they will turn into an ice moon. Even if there is a lack of yin, there will still be a round time. The ancients either mourned or cried alone or cared for each other. Nalan Xingde is not singing a monologue alone, but being "echoed" by his dead wife. Although this kind of dialogue can't happen in the real world, it is a powerful proof that Nalan Xingde's mourning poems pursue spiritual communication.
Nalan Xingde's eulogy is a "dialogue" between people who love flowers.
Judging from the part of speech of the eulogy, flowers should be the dead, and people who love flowers should be the living, that is to say, Lu Rui is a flower, and Nalan Rong Ruo is a flower lover. Lushi Ming Rui, whose name smells like a flower, says she is a flower, which makes sense. "Cold rain buries a famous flower for a night" ("Mountain (the home of a deserted platform under the forest)"), "The moon and the stars are in the sky, and the soul is in the pear flower" ("Mourning in the Garden in Spring"), comparing it to a flower. Nalan Xingde loves Lu Rui deeply, and it makes sense to say that he is a flower lover. Even if "I don't love flowers, I'm afraid of sentimentality" ("Death of Hua Lian"), what kind of sincere words is this? I love flowers every word, but I don't pity them every word. This "duplicity" is even more affectionate.
However, when we read these eulogies carefully, we will find such a wonderful phenomenon. Many times, this flower lover and the role of flowers are integrated and interchanged. Nalan Xingde stands in the position of flowers, and Lurui stands in the position of flower lovers. The phrase "Those who love flowers have no owner to spend" (Butterfly Hua Lian) subtly reverses the roles of those who love flowers and flowers, instead of pursuing unilateral pity, it sublimates two-way love. In such a dialogue with flower lovers, it doesn't matter who is a flower, who is a flower lover, or even whether a flower lover and a flower exist. What is important is that such true feelings have stirred in each other's hearts, crossed the boundary between life and death, and burned forever.
Nalan Xingde created a beautiful style of mourning poems.
Yuan Zhen's famous eulogy "Lisi" "Once a shipwreck is difficult, it will be amber forever. Taking the second time to turn back is lazy, and half-edge repair is half-edge. " It shows the sadness that love can't transcend life and death and the author's full sorrow. The sentence "Sea and Wushan" is a classic. Shi Dazu's eulogy "Remembering Yao Ji, Riding for the Whole Province" is also a grief, which can't be cut off. These poems are the songs of the soul, the interweaving of the author's blood and tears, and the gushing of emotions. If it is said that before Nalan Xingde, mourning poems were mainly based on sadness, then Nalan Xingde's mourning poems not only inherited the sincere and painful characteristics of mourning poems, but also added a touch of fresh color to mourning poems, a literary work with melancholy and sadness as the main tone.
The reason why Nalan Xingde's mourning poems are full of humor is not unrelated to "coming to the Central Plains for the first time, so it is because it is not contaminated with the habits of the Han people" [2], and its role in capturing the mourning intention can not be ignored. Looking at Nalan Xingde's mourning poems, the use of pear flowers with the moon adds pure color to his second work, which has a great influence on Nalan Xingde's unique style of mourning poems.
In the mourning speech I mentioned by Nalan Xingde, there are a lot of pear flowers with the meaning of the moon. Among them, the moon appeared 19 times, and pear flowers, buried flowers, flowers and fragrant flowers appeared 29 times. Pear flower moon has been used in the history of mourning poems. For example, Su Shi's two mourning poems are about pear flowers and the moon. In his famous eulogy "The Dream of Mao Yi on the 20th day of the first month", the moon appeared. "Every year, it is expected to be heartbroken, and the moonlight is expected to be short and loose." Pear blossoms appear in Xijiang Moon. "Teacher Su is often too pink, and her lips will not fade after washing makeup. Chasing Xiaoyun with high emotions, not dreaming with pear flowers. " These two words are mourning for his wife and his beloved concubine, Chao Yun.
It is no accident that pear blossoms and the moon frequently appear in Nalan Xingde's mourning poems.
These images are the life landscapes of Nalan Xingde and Lu Rui. Before Lu's death, he and Lu often boiled water and poured tea in the cloister, beside the pear blossom and under the Leng Yue, and talked about everything, so that's why "Near Flowers (Who Reads the West Wind to Cool Alone)" in "Sleepless by Borrowing Wine, Gambling Books and Sprinkling Tea". At that time, it was just normal. "This is a kind of interwoven situation, which not only records the past and present, but also foresees the sad future; It is not only the focus of thought, but also the radiation of emotion. In this case, the protagonists are Rong Ruo and Lu Rui, and the theme is always love and the difficulty of fulfilling vows. After Lu's death, these scenes often appeared in his ci, which integrated ci and scenery, and reached the realm of "emotion is scenery, and scenery is emotion". Not only that, pear flowers and the moon have the color of ice muscle, which contains a touch of sadness. Although used in words, it is not as incisive and straightforward as calling for life and death and melancholy, but it has a natural and pure taste in the heart.
Half a month after Lu's death, pear blossoms appeared in Nalan Xingde's first mourning poem "Mourning for Blue Wet". "The blue Bian Que got wet all over, and Zoe comforted me, endured and forgot each other. Half a month ago, I was sick, and the sound of scissors was still wrapped in silver. Remembering life, fearing the sky. Up to now, it is cold and desolate to be alone with Lihua Ying. I am willing to point to the soul to know the way and teach the dream cloister. " It can be seen that before Lushi's death, Rong Ruo often walked in the cloister where pear blossoms were in full bloom. Therefore, after Lu's death, Rong Ruo sent out the mourning of "being alone with the pear flower" and the true feelings of "wishing to know the way by pointing to the soul, teaching to seek dreams and returning to the monastery". As for the moon, because "I hate being the moon in the sky, and I have to go to Yuen Long every year ("Qinyuanchun (three days before the Double Ninth Festival) "), Nalan Xingde often regards the moon as a person and falls in love with it. The phrase "Hard work is the most pitying for the sun and the moon ("Recent Flowers ")" shows the helplessness of where you will go.
A butterfly in love with flowers
Hard work is the most regrettable thing about the bright moon. One night is like a ring, and the evening is a sigh. If the moon finally comes out, I will not hesitate to be roasted by snow and ice.
Without that dust, the swallow is still there, said the soft curtain hook. After singing the autumn grave, I didn't rest, and the spring bush recognized the amphibious butterfly.
This is a pure white and clean funeral, leaving only a cold feeling except for the cumbersome sadness and lingering lyricism. The moon is cold, but the heart is hot. Such a mixture of cold and hot makes the turbulent sadness recede from the turbulent waves, and also fades the secular troubles, adding the depth and tranquility like clear water and tending to nature.
The beauty of this eulogy is not only related to his original intention, but also reflects his deep affection for his dead wife. Because of the deep feelings, I don't deliberately pursue sadness, just let my feelings flow naturally, which is enough to touch the world. In The Book of Songs, a man caresses his clothes and recalls his wife's virtue, whether it is inner sadness or external sadness. Another example is Mei's "Mourning for His Wife": "Married in seventeen years. It's not enough to be with each other, and now it's gone forever! How white my sideburns are, I would rather be safe for a long time. Finally, I will be in the same hole, and I will not die. " Is sadness and melancholy a word of "sadness"? These two mourning works are both true feelings. The sadness of Nalan Xingde's eulogy is more like comfort and greeting.
Mourn the wet blue
Blue is soaked to the skin. Comfort me with kindness and forget with forbearance. Half a month ago, I was sick, and the sound of scissors was still wrapped in silver. Remembering life, fearing the sky. Up to now, it is cold and desolate to be alone with Lihua Ying. May the soul know the way and teach you to find your dream and return to the monastery.
The difference between an arrow and a jade hook leads to an oblique road, which is generally easy to digest. Sentenced to wake up from a long sleep, clear tears, stir in pepper paste. I'm afraid the deep spring will still hurt me. Taoist scholars should sacrifice their lives for righteousness, and then stop worrying about powder and fragrance. Hard to move, soft-hearted.
People die, and those who live in the world suffer the most. At such a sad moment, Nalan didn't think of his loneliness, nor was he sad that no one took care of his life like the ancients. He thought of his dead wife and knew nothing about the world. He is afraid that his dead wife "still hurts for me" under the grave. Not only that, he also said in his wife's tone: "A Taoist should rest and then worry about his health." The scene of comforting each other seems to be in front of us, and what is more obvious is that the two have a long relationship. The beautiful style of Nalan's eulogy stems from this mutual pity. Xu Zhimo has a famous saying: "I will visit my only soul mate in the vast sea of people, and I am lucky to get it;" No, my life. That's all. " [3] Rong Ruo's Lu Rui is lucky, but she can't escape from life and death? x？