Early learning and development
Beethoven was forced to practice musical instruments when he was four years old; Open a concert at the age of eight; At the age of eleven, I studied under the court organist Ni Fei. Ni Fei saw Beethoven's creative genius, so he constantly encouraged and helped him.
When the slogan of freedom, equality and fraternity sounded, Beethoven came to Vienna, the city of music. At that time, the popular idealism advocated that people should try their best to exert the potential of human nature and redeem themselves. Beethoven was involuntarily attracted by these ideas. So the early thoughts of romanticism were combined with the music in Beethoven's mind to form shocking music.
Heidelberg suicide note
Beethoven made great achievements in his first ten years in Vienna. Unfortunately, at the age of 28, I began to lose my hearing, and finally I was completely deaf. This incident caused a great blow to Beethoven, and even once thought about suicide, leaving the famous Heidelberg suicide note. But Beethoven was not defeated by fate in the end.
Create a new musical style
After being isolated from the outside world, Beethoven began to compose music with his heart. At this time, the independence of the United States and the French Revolution brought the concept of freedom and equality to Europe. Therefore, Beethoven's works have entered a new realm because of his mental journey of deafness and this enlightenment. The original aristocratic elegance disappeared, replaced by strong enthusiasm and choppy emotions. The intensity contrast of music increases, the range distance widens, and the connection of chords is out of the classical category. Free music broke away from the tradition of classical music school and created another brand-new style.
Beethoven
Try your best to be a good person, love freedom above all else, and never lie to the truth even for the sake of the throne. -Beethoven (Manual 1792)
Music is a higher revelation than all wisdom and philosophy.
Hold the fate by the throat! !
Ludwig? Fan? Beethoven (1770, 17, born in Bonn, Germany-17, died in Vienna, Austria on March 26th, 2008) is a European classical music composer, a master of classicism and a pioneer of romanticism. Beethoven was revered as a musical saint by later generations.
all one's life
1770 was born in a civilian family in Bonn, Germany. His grandfather originally came from Holland, and later moved to Germany, where he worked as a local court musician. His father is a tenor and his mother is the daughter of a court chef. Beethoven showed his musical talent at an early age.
1774 His father forced young Beethoven to study music and practice piano for a long time in order to make Beethoven a musical prodigy like Mozart.
1778 started performing at the age of eight.
178 1 year studied Bach's piano music with band conductor Naif and composed music.
1783, harpsichord pianist of court band.
1787 met Mozart in Vienna.
1788 as a viola player in an opera band.
1789 studied at Bonn University.
1792, with Haydn's encouragement and support, he went to Beijing and Vienna for further study, and his art made rapid progress. Beethoven believed in republicanism and advocated heroes, and created a large number of excellent works full of the flavor of the times.
1795, he held his first concert in Vienna. The repertoire is Piano Concerto No.2, and he plays the piano by himself. The performance was a great success.
Ear disease appeared in 1796.
1803, he completed the epoch-making Third Symphony and prepared to dedicate it to Napoleon.
1804, Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, and Beethoven tore off the title page written for Napoleon in the third symphony and wrote a sentence "in memory of a great man"
1808 also published the fifth symphony Destiny and the sixth symphony Pastoral.
1809 Complete the fifth piano concerto "The Emperor".
18 15165438+1October15, when his brother Carl died, Beethoven became the guardian of his nephew Carl.
1815-1819 experienced four years of creative exhaustion. On the one hand, he was suppressed by the feudal restoration in Europe at that time, on the other hand, he collected and sorted out folk songs from all over Europe.
The ninth symphony was completed at 1824 and premiered on May 7th, with unprecedented pomp.
1826, his nephew Carl attempted suicide, which greatly damaged Beethoven's spirit and worsened his health.
1827 died in Vienna on March 26th.
On March 29th, 1827, 20,000 Viennese citizens attended his funeral, and the authorities wanted to dispatch troops to maintain order.
cause of death
There are different opinions about the reasons for Beethoven's early death.
The doctor at that time concluded that the cause of death was edema.
Some people think that he died of syphilis.
Later, experts' medical examination of Beethoven's hair showed that Beethoven died of mercury poisoning. Although this discovery supports the speculation that syphilis died, it is generally believed that it was because the industry at that time polluted the fish in the Danube, and Beethoven liked to eat fish in this area, so the mercury in the fish was deposited on it and died. Beethoven didn't take drugs containing mercury into the body to treat syphilis. Beethoven's manic personality, chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain are all caused by mercury.
trend
Later generations have always believed that Beethoven's life is a life of indomitable struggle against the fate and inequality of human society. I was abused by my alcoholic father since I was a child, and I was trained to be quick and quick. After growing up, my mother died, and the burden of family fell on Beethoven as the eldest brother. Worship and disillusionment of Napoleon. Beethoven resigned himself to fate, fell ill in middle age, had an unfilial nephew, lived in poverty and remained unmarried for life. He expressed the spirit of struggle in his heart in the language of music, and never bowed his head for the three buckets of rice. His famous saying "seize the throat of fate" is a true portrayal of his life spirit. It is said that before he died, there was thunder and lightning. Lying in his hospital bed, he suddenly straightened up and reached into the air as if to catch something. This scene is regarded by later generations as Beethoven's own visualization of this famous saying.
Legend has it that Beethoven and Goethe were walking on the path when a noble carriage came head on. The two of them had to step aside. However, their attitudes are completely different. Goethe bowed to the passing nobles and said hello, while Beethoven was serious and proud. The nobles in the car also politely say hello to the two. Later, Beethoven doubted Goethe's personality, and their friendship broke up.
Beethoven was deeply influenced by the French Revolution. In his works, we can clearly see the advocacy theme of "freedom, equality and fraternity". The overture Colio Lan, the Hero Symphony and the Chorus Symphony, and even the scene of the prisoner's chorus in the opera Federio directly "sang" the strong desire for freedom "Oh, freedom, freedom, when can you come back to your side".
In action, Beethoven once heard that a concert was going to be held to raise money for the poor. He immediately went on stage to play regardless of his illness and dedicated his strength to those he sympathized with.
Although Beethoven was serious and proud, he was not without love. He also talked about love and ended in failure, but he gave birth to the fourth symphony and violin concerto. He loves his brother's son Carl very much, even dotes on him. Once in order to take the latter home, Beethoven went out in the rain, and finally fell ill because of the rain, and his health deteriorated greatly.
music
Many people think Beethoven is the greatest composer of all time. There is no denying that he is indeed one of the most famous and favorite people. His most famous works include Symphony No.3 (Hero), Symphony No.5 (Destiny), Symphony No.6 (Pastoral), Symphony No.9, Sonata of Sorrow and Sonata of Moonlight, etc. His 32 piano sonatas, such as Pathetique and Moonlight, are known as the "New Testament" of the piano (the "Old Testament" is Bach's "Collection of Piano Music with Equal Rhythm"). His early music, with Haydn and Mozart's court music style, paid attention to formal beauty, such as the first symphony. Later, he showed a strong personal style, and even used music to express his ideals and demands.
Beethoven can be said to have inherited the musical essence of German and Austrian composers Bach, Haydn and Mozart, and reached the limit of classical music in form.
His symphonies, in particular, are divided into five movements except the sixth symphony, and the other eight capitals have four movements, all of which are written according to the symphony structure established by Haydn Mozart, namely, Allegro in the first movement, Adagio in the second movement, minuet or scherzo in the third movement, and Allegro or Allegro in the fourth movement. At the beginning of the third symphony, the form and content began to unify, and a clear clue theme or idea ran through the whole symphony, which was particularly striking in the fifth and ninth symphonies, which was not done by composers before Beethoven. Therefore, Beethoven's symphonies are more expressive and emotional. The audience no longer simply appreciates the beautiful melody, but also needs to think about the composer's intention and motivation. This greatly enriches the connotation of music. It can be said that this is also the basis of romantic music.
Some people say that Beethoven's works all his life revolve around the theme of "hero". In particular, nine symphonies describe the growth and ideal of a hero.
Beethoven's creation is usually divided into four periods:
Early period: from his study of music creation to his age of 32.
He is a talented composer, just like most famous musicians. He composed a lot of music that people still find very pleasant to listen to. At the same time, his music creation ability is also very strong, and writing sadness and lyric is good.
Peak period: about ten years.
He was deaf all his life, but influenced by the French Revolution, he wrote many ethical thoughts in his music. The music of this period is typical Beethoven's music. Including those big symphonies, the fifth and sixth symphonies, and several famous piano sonatas, compared with the early days, music has become thoughtful and has its own feelings.
Decline: about ten years.
Beethoven is already a celebrity in Vienna, but his creation has entered a low tide, as if he had returned to the era of ordinary musicians before, and his personal will was relatively depressed.
Late stage: the last decade
In the last few years of his life, he suddenly created another miracle. Later works, some large and magnificent, such as solemn mass and ninth symphony; The other part has entered an abstract situation. The works of this period are very precious to musicians. But because it is usually abstract and not as good as the early ones, it may be difficult for the general audience to understand.