1, learn theory and improve quality.
The research group focuses on learning theory and improving teachers' quality, and requires experimental teachers to start with the experimental scheme of learning topics, continue to learn mathematics curriculum standards and related theories, establish new educational concepts and improve teaching ability. He also introduced the materials such as Cultivation of Primary School Mathematics Learning Habits, Guidance of Primary School Mathematics Learning Methods, and subscribed to Hunan Education and Primary School Mathematics Teachers. Through learning, teachers' thinking and understanding have been improved and sublimated, ensuring the smooth progress of the experiment.
2, based on the classroom, bold practice.
As the saying goes: "Less becomes nature, and habit becomes nature." This shows the importance of habit cultivation. Therefore, primary school students' good math study habits are the guarantee to learn math well, mainly from the following aspects.
(1) The habit of previewing before class. Effective preview can improve the purpose and pertinence of learning new knowledge and improve the quality of learning. In mathematics learning, we should attach great importance to the cultivation of students' preview habits before class. In the actual teaching operation, for the teaching of intermediate and senior classes, the preview outline is arranged at first, and then gradually the preview content is arranged, so that students can read books and find problems by themselves and learn new knowledge before class. Some activities that you have no conditions or time to do in class can also be done before class. For example, when talking about statistics, students can investigate the height and weight of their classmates before class.
(2) Listening habits. To cultivate students' good habit of attending classes, we should start from three aspects: ① We must remind students of the main key issues that teachers talk about, attract their attention, and make students form the habit of attending classes consciously or unconsciously. ② Cultivate students' habit of listening and thinking in classroom teaching, raise your hand to ask questions to the teacher in time if you don't understand, strengthen students' active learning in classroom teaching and solve difficult problems in classroom. (3) Listen and remember. Be sure to write the lecture by hand, and write down the key points you hear at any time in a notebook or notebook. Developing the habit of simultaneous dictation is of great benefit to future study. In addition, teachers should be good at observing students' expressions when giving lectures. If students are indifferent to what they say, they should adjust the content and method of the lecture in time. If individual students are "absent-minded", they should be reminded in time.
The habit of attending classes cannot be formed overnight by students, and teachers need to practice repeatedly, remind and judge in time. At the same time, we should constantly optimize the classroom teaching process, stimulate students' interest in attending classes and take the initiative to participate in consciousness, so as to establish good listening habits.
(3) The habit of reading textbooks. Math books need to be reread, read intensively and read skillfully. ① Focus on reading the calculation process. In computing teaching, we should not only understand formulas and rules, but also train students to understand intermediate processes. ② Mathematical concepts should be intensively read. Mathematical concepts should be read intensively according to the structure, so that students can learn how to understand the concepts and guide them to read them intensively on this basis. ③ Proficient in reading application questions. Focus on reading keywords; Complete reading by omitting sentences; Read by changing words with implied meanings.
(4) The habit of examining questions. The mistakes caused by the lax examination of questions by primary school students are more serious, especially in the middle and lower grades. On the one hand, it is related to children's low literacy rate, low understanding level and lack of depth of thinking. On the other hand, it is more directly related to students' eagerness to succeed in writing questions and their unwillingness to examine them. For example, in the calculation of lower grades, there are many calculation errors in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division; In the middle school, students often take a simple two-step calculation application problem as a one-step application problem solution, or do only one step in two steps and miss one step. This error occurs because there is no inspection result. It can be seen that cultivating students' habit of examining questions is as important as cultivating students' ability to solve problems. We ask teachers to guide students to understand the importance of examining questions and enhance their awareness of examining questions through examples in lower grades. At the same time, we should also teach students the methods of examining questions and establish the basic procedures for solving problems, such as examining questions-formulas-calculation-checking calculation-answering questions. And put the examination in the first place in the process of solving problems. For senior three students, it is required to grasp the meaning of the question as a whole and analyze the meaning word by word in order to examine the question accurately. If you persist in this way for a long time, you can develop a good habit of examining questions.
(5), check habits. Pupils are often keen to do problems in mathematics learning. Once they have finished, everything will be fine. As for whether it is correct or not, I have no intention to take care of it, and I don't want to go back and check it. Such as (8)÷8=64, (500)-700=200, the weight of an elephant.
(6) Summarize habits. Students learn the problem-solving methods of a certain kind of exercises, learn the content of a class hour, learn a unit or even the whole book, and the teacher guides students to summarize, summarize the problem-solving rules and methods of a class of exercises, and summarize the main contents of a class hour. At the stage of primary school graduation, students should be instructed to sum up the "blocks" and "lines" of knowledge. Once this habit is formed, it will help students to systematize and structure their knowledge, so that students can master the essence of knowledge as a whole and form mathematical ability.
(7), asking questions. The essence of this habit of asking a "why" in everything is a spirit of hard work and continuous progress. Balzac said: "The key to all science gates is undoubtedly a question mark." Ask if you don't understand, don't pretend to understand. It is an important aspect to cultivate students' creative study habits to be good at discovering, putting forward targeted and valuable mathematical questions and asking difficult questions when participating in and experiencing the discovery and formation of mathematical knowledge. Einstein said, "It is often more important to ask a question than to solve it." The problem is the core of mathematics. In the process of mathematics learning, we pay attention to gradually cultivate students' learning habits of independent inquiry, positive thinking and active questioning, so that they want to ask, dare to ask, like to ask and know how to ask.
We cultivate students' habit of questioning from imitation, and teachers pay attention to the "words and deeds" of questioning and teach students where to find doubts. Generally speaking, questioning can occur in the connection of old and new knowledge, confusion in the learning process, induction of laws and regulations, emphasis and difficulty of teaching content, formation of concepts, analysis of problem-solving ideas and hands-on practice. Students should also learn to ask questions from another angle.
(8), serious work habits. To cultivate students' habit of doing homework seriously, we must first be specific and clear. Homework requires students to be serious, accurate and complete. Secondly, we should set an example for homework. Before homework, consciously show the students the homework done, so that students can have an upward psychology of catching up with the typical ones. We should also give timely feedback and seriously correct our mistakes.
To cultivate students' good calculation habits, the methods are as follows: ① to cultivate students' serious and correct study habits of watching, listening, reading and speaking. ② Cultivate students' habit of serious thinking and comprehensive analysis. When guiding the examination of questions, we should look for the characteristics of questions, think about the calculation law, use the operation law and choose the best solution. ③ Cultivate students' correct and standardized homework habits. That is, homework writing is standardized and homework correction is automated. ④ Cultivate pupils' habit of consciously checking homework. Introspection, using short-range target management, and promoting students' active introspection homework. Mutual check, aiming at the competitive psychology of primary school students, carry out mutual check activities of students' homework.
(9), operating habits.
Piaget said: "Thinking begins with action. If the connection between action and thinking is cut off, thinking will not develop. " Psychological research tells us that the thinking of primary school students is in the transition stage from concrete thinking in images to abstract thinking and logical thinking, especially for lower grade children. Their thinking still stays in the concrete thinking of images, and their abstract thinking can only be carried out with the support of perceptual materials. Therefore, primary school mathematics education must attach importance to cultivating students' good habits of hands-on, brain-use and verbal communication, so that students can acquire new knowledge through seeing, touching, spelling, posing and speaking. For example, when learning the "preliminary understanding of the angle", is there any connection between the size of the angle and the length of both sides? This problem can be operated, observed and discussed by operating the self-made activity angle, so as to draw a correct conclusion. Carrying out similar teaching activities can help students develop the study habit of using their hands and brains and being diligent in practice.
(10), thinking habit.
Zankov famously said, "Teaching students to think is the most precious capital in their life." In teaching activities, we should pay special attention to creating "innovative" practical activities for students, such as solving multiple problems, guessing, associating, divergent thinking, reasoning, operation, experiment, observation and discussion. Cultivate students' habit of thinking and solving problems from multiple angles, and cultivate students' multi-directional flexible thinking. Through "can you think of different ways?" "What else can you think of?" "Do you have a unique opinion?" "Can you look at the problem from another angle?" And other words, inspire and induce, encourage students to dare to think and speak, not afraid of making mistakes, dare to express different opinions, and cultivate students' innovative thinking habits. For example, a teacher asked his students to divide a square piece of paper into four parts. "Please give it a discount and give it a try. What method can be found? " Students quickly found the following three methods: the teacher fully affirmed and encouraged students to continue their efforts to see if they could find other methods. After hard work, the students found the following methods: such teaching activities not only enabled students to master knowledge, but also cultivated students' thinking habits of seeking differences.
(1 1), and participate in the cultivation of cooperative habits.
Classroom teaching is a bilateral activity between teaching and learning, and every student should actively participate in and cooperate with others. Initiate, do, discuss and practice. That is to say, in classroom teaching, first ask questions to inspire students to think, and then operate, organize discussions, express opinions and practice with questions, so as to achieve the purpose of consolidation. 2 self-study point by point. Through the guidance of teachers and self-study of students, old knowledge and new knowledge are linked, transferred and used, and further improved.
(12), the cultivation of accurate expression habits
In the lower grades, students should be trained to describe the meaning of the diagram, repeat the meaning of the question, explain the calculation process and answer the question in the mathematical language they have learned, and ask them to express their thoughts step by step. With the growth of grade, students should be trained to explain arithmetic in a rational and orderly way, analyze the quantitative relationship, discuss mathematical problems with others with sufficient reasons, and correct others' incorrect and imprecise mathematical language at any time.
(13), the cultivation of extracurricular study habits
After class, students should be trained to preview, review and think more. Preview and review should not be a mere formality. In order to be effective, we must assign homework for preview and review every day, give guidance, and often check the completion. For middle and senior students, we should also cultivate the habit of reading tabloids, reference books and exercise books after class, extract good content at any time, often organize knowledge and make learning tools by hand.
Second, the preliminary results
1. Students have developed good study habits.
Through one year's experiment, this subject has achieved good experimental results. Through the analysis of questionnaire survey and daily observation, we can find that students have good math study habits, can question, cooperate, standardize homework and optimize thinking quality. Each class evaluated 5~6 excellent exercise books.
2. Young teachers grow rapidly through research. Driven by research, all experimental teachers can conduct teaching research, accumulate experimental data, write teaching reflections, strive to combine theory with practice, optimize classroom teaching and improve teaching quality. It can be said that the experiment provides a stage for young teachers to show themselves, and makes them grow rapidly and become the backbone of school teaching, which is well received by the industry.
Third, the problem and reflection
Due to the short experimental time, some methods and countermeasures for cultivating mathematics learning habits in rural primary schools under the new curriculum have been explored, which need further study in breadth and depth. At the same time, how to screen and determine problems according to the characteristics of teaching materials and scientifically train students also needs further exploration in order to obtain better experience and results.