Black holes are so strange and powerful that they feel like fictional concepts in science fiction. But black holes do exist in the universe and are very important to our real life! However, due to the mysterious characteristics of black holes, it is even difficult for scientists to detect them, let alone study them. All the light near the black hole will be sucked in, so the only way to confirm the position of the black hole is to observe its interaction with the surrounding matter. In other words, if nothing around a black hole interacts with it, we will never know it exists!
In fact, people think that most stellar black holes exist in isolation, which means that these black holes can't be detected, so we can't know their existence at all. For future interstellar space travelers, this may be a terrible thing: an unknown black hole may kill them. Besides, there are black holes everywhere in the universe, so this may not happen ... We can't directly calculate the position or number of black holes, but we know that they are formed by certain types of stars. According to this estimate, there may be 10 million to10 billion black holes in our galaxy alone.
Black holes are formed by collapsing stars, but not all stars can form black holes. Influenced by the quality of stars, different stars will have different changes. Only a star with sufficient mass can form a black hole at the end of its life cycle. At first, stars kept active by burning their core fuel. When the fuel is exhausted, the star will shrink, explode, and then be destroyed by its own gravity, and eventually become a stellar black hole.
The smallest are these incredible structures. According to NASA, they are as big as atoms, but the mass is equivalent to a mountain. However, as the names of some supermassive black holes imply, they have enormous mass (possibly billions of times that of the sun). Even experts can't 100% determine its formation process. They may be made up of thousands of smaller black holes, or it may just be that a black hole devours more substances than it should. There are also theories that supermassive black holes are formed by dark matter, but in any case, these huge and disordered structures usually exist in the center of galaxies.
Theoretically, there should also be a "middle band" in the types of black holes, that is, black holes with a mass greater than that of stars but not enough to be classified as supermassive, but we have not finally proved this view. Therefore, the current scientific results are consistent with people's general understanding, that is, black holes are only formed by stars, and they were originally the products of supernovae. But can we really say that black holes are made of stars?
When talking about human beings, carl sagan once said a famous saying: "We are made of stellar materials", which means that the elements that make up human beings, such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen, all come from the process that stars become supernovae and spread into the universe. Therefore, at this level, we are composed of the same substances as black holes, all branches of star self-destruction, but the comparison between humans and black holes ends here. Although we know a lot about the working principle of the human body, we know very little about the working principle of black holes, and even we are not completely sure what happens at its center.
The problem is that because anything close enough to a black hole will be swallowed up and disappeared, most of its area is actually not made of any substance. In the terrible and unusual heart of a black hole, there is a huge distortion of time and space. They compress a lot of matter to an incredible point with incredible density. There are so many examples of black holes subverting cognition that our understanding of traditional physics collapses near the center or singularity of black holes. On the other hand, however, we can say that black holes are actually made of any substance. They are formed by collapsed stars, which are formed by gas and collapsed nebulae.
These are basic cosmic processes, but if we go back far enough, they-and everything else in the universe-all start from the same raw materials. Theoretically, if you can compress matter to a sufficient depth, you can turn anything into a black hole. This is simply impossible, even physically and practically. But this idea comes from karl schwarzschild's concept of schwarzschild radius. It gives an equation to calculate how deep an object must be compressed to become a black hole.
Finally, if the physical radius of an object is compressed to less than its schwarzschild radius, then it will do it! Therefore, in the extreme hypothesis, if all our mass is compressed deep enough, anything can be a black hole: buildings, cars, baseball, pencils, and even human beings themselves. The earth may also become a black hole, but before that, all its mass must be compressed into a small point of only 8.7 mm, but in reality, we don't have to worry. Unless the earth becomes much bigger in some way, there can be no black holes caused by the earth in nature.
Even our sun is not enough to form a black hole. This is not to say that these seemingly standard facts in life prevent people from making their own small black holes-or their variants. For example, on 20 16, physicist Jeff Steinhall created a simulated black hole with sound waves instead of light, thus bypassing this seemingly impossible problem. This is a place where sound cannot escape. Relatively speaking, this is a simpler concept, but it is still impressive! If anything, efforts like Steinhauer show how mysterious real black holes are, and we can't get a glimpse of them ourselves.
What we know is that black holes are originally formed by ordinary matter, but only when they form the largest stars in the universe, and only when these stars collapse, will they form black holes. Most black hole enthusiasts have a question about dark matter in their hearts, but that's another mystery completely! Before we can understand what we can't see, they are fascinating products of dying stars. This is what black holes are made of. what do you think? Is there anything missing? Please tell us in the comments.
Author: Is Group G open today? Fan Xing, this is a radish.