"The Fifteen Years of Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan" records that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Wei, the father of Wei Ke, a doctor of the State of Jin, had a very favorite concubine. Before Wei Wuzi died, he asked Wei Ke to give him his concubine to die. After the death of Wei Wuzi, Wei Ke married his father's beloved concubine.
Later, Du Hui, the general of Qin State, led troops to attack Jin State, and the King of Jin ordered Wei Ke to lead troops to resist. While the two armies were fighting fiercely, an old man suddenly appeared on the battlefield. He tied the grass on the ground into many knots and tripped Du Hui, so Wei Ke captured Du Hui alive and Qin Jun was defeated. That night, Wei Ke had a dream that the old man said to him during the day, "I am the father of the woman you married, and I have come to pay my respects on the battlefield."
Yang Zhenchuan in the History of the Later Han Dynasty quoted the record of Continued Qi and Harmony: When Bao Yang was a child in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he saw a dying oriole in the forest. Seeing its pity, Bao Yang took it home and took good care of it. Bao Yang released the little yellow bird after it completely recovered from its injury. That night, Bao Yang had a dream. In the dream, there was a boy in yellow with four jade rings in his mouth, saying that it was a gift for Bao Yang, wishing his descendants all great officials. Later, Bao Yang's son, grandson and great-great-grandson all became big officials and enjoyed all the splendor.
According to these two legends, people summed up the idiom "tie a knot in grass and wear a ring", which is used to mean being grateful to people for their kindness and never forgetting them until death.
Later, the "knot grass bit ring" was the code word for repaying kindness.
Snow at Home tells the story of Shi Yang and You Zuo, scholars in Song Dynasty, asking Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao for advice.
Cheng, a native of Yichuan, Luoyang, was a famous Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Cheng's theory was inherited and developed by Zhu, which is called "Cheng-Zhu School". Shi Yang and Zuo You, who are studying Chengcheng, have great respect. You Yang, two people, originally studied under Cheng Hao. After Cheng Hao's death, both of them were forty years old and had been admitted to Jinshi. However, they had to go to Cheng Yi to continue their studies. The story happened on the day when they first visited Cheng Yi in Songyang Academy.
According to legend, one day, Shi Yang and You Zuo came to Songyang Academy to visit Cheng Yi, and met an old gentleman who closed his eyes and took a nap. Cheng Yi knew that two guests were coming, but he wanted to keep silent and ignored them. Yang Heyou dared not disturb Mr. Wang's rest, but stood in awe and said nothing until he opened his eyes. After waiting for a long time, Cheng Yicai woke up like Luo, met Yang Heyou, and pretended to be surprised and said, "Ah! Ah! Sages have been calling here for a long time! " It means you two are still here. It was a very cold day in winter, and I don't know when it began to snow. There is more than a foot of snow outside the door.
This story is called "Cheng Men Sydney". It was widely circulated among scholars in the Song Dynasty. Later, when people describe respecting teachers and earnestly seeking advice, they often quote this allusion and idiom.
Ceng Zi avoided the seat.
"Ceng Zi is not at his seat" is a very famous story in the Book of Filial Piety. Ceng Zi is a disciple of Confucius. Once he sat next to Confucius, and Confucius asked him, "The king of the sages has supreme virtue, and he needs mysterious theories to teach people all over the world and make people live in harmony. There is no dissatisfaction between the monarch and the minister." Do you know what they are? " Hearing this, Ceng Zi understood that Confucius wanted to point out the deepest truth in his heart, so he immediately stood up from the mat where he was sitting, walked outside the mat and respectfully replied, "I'm not smart enough. How can I know?" Please ask the teacher to teach me these truths. " Here, "avoiding the seat" is a very polite behavior. When Ceng Zi heard that the teacher was going to teach him, he stood up and went to the mat to ask the teacher for advice to show his respect for the teacher.
2. Historical idiom stories with allusions should be meaningful and reasonable. The more, the better. Idiom story-suspicious neighbor steals axe.
Once upon a time, a countryman lost an axe. He thought it was the neighbor's son who stole it, so he paid great attention to his words and deeds. The more he looked at it, the more he felt that this man looked like a thief stealing an axe. Later, the man who lost the axe found it. It turned out that he lost his way in the valley when he went up the mountain to cut wood the other day. After finding the axe, he met his neighbor's son again, and then he looked at him carefully. He doesn't look like a thief.
Suspecting neighbors and stealing axes: not paying attention to facts and being careless about people and things.
The second step is to "encourage seedlings"
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a farmer in Song State. He always feels that the crops in the field grow too slowly. He went to see it today and tomorrow, and it seems that the seedlings have never grown taller. He thought, what can be done to make them grow taller and faster?
One day, he came to the field and pulled up the seedlings one by one. It really took a lot of effort to pull out seedlings on a large scale. When he finished pulling out the seedlings, he was exhausted, but he was happy. When he got home, he boasted, "I'm exhausted today, and I helped Miao Miao grow several inches!" " Hearing this, his son hurried to the field and found that all the seedlings in the field were dead.
3. It's past praying for
In the Zhou Dynasty, there was a nobleman named KATTO. KATTO is not only brilliant in poetry, but also good at managing state affairs. Later, he was assisted by Zhou Liwang. However, Zhou Liwang is arrogant and misinterprets the law. The traitor tried every means to please him. KATTO bluntly listed the shortcomings of state affairs, but the traitor spoke ill of him in Zhou Liwang's ear. Zhou Liwang is very tired of KATTO. Since then, treacherous court officials have gone in and out of the court.
"incorrigible": terminally ill, medicine can't save it.
riding the winds and breaking the waves
In the ancient Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a general named Ming Zong in the State of Song. He was brave and ambitious since he was a child. One day, Zong Yi's uncle asked him what his ambition was, and Zong Yi replied, "I would like to ride the wind and waves." I must break through all obstacles, go forward bravely and make a difference. Zong Yi.
Later, people used "braving the wind and waves" to describe the spirit of facing difficulties.
5. A layer of water
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Northern Zhou Dynasty in the north and the State of Chen in the south were bounded by the Yangtze River.
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Prime Minister of Northern Zhou Dynasty, abolished Emperor Zhou Jingdi, established the Sui Dynasty on his own.
Determined to destroy the State of Chen, he once said, "I am the parents of the whole country. Is it because there is a Yangtze River as narrow as a belt that I watch the people in the south suffer and don't save them? "
Later, people used "only a strip of water" to describe that the two places are very close, with only a narrow water area.
3. Ask for a more interesting historical short story. Wei said that her surname is Hua, Mulan, her father Hua Arc is a reserve officer, her sister Hua Mulian, her younger brother Hua Xiong and her mother Yuan, a family of five, which is still accepted by everyone.
As for the year of birth and death, Guo Tinglu by Song Xiangfeng said that she came from Sui Palace. Speaking of her native place, she is thought to be from Liangzhou, Wanxian Chronicle of Hebei said she was from Wanxian, Daqing Unified Chronicle said she was from Dongwei Village, Qiaoxian County, Yingzhou County, others said she was from Songzhou or Huangzhou County, and Shangqiu County Chronicle of Henan Province said she was from Qiuhua Songcun Village, which is more reasonable in Shangqiu County Chronicle.
However, in any case, as "The History of China Literature Development" said: "Textual research on these nonsense is really worthless. We just need to know that Mulan is the representative of a heroine in the north. " Indeed, the story of Mulan has been spread to this day, mainly due to the swan song of Mulan Ci, which is a long narrative poem praising the legendary story of Mulan disguised as a man and joined the army as her father.
The poem goes like this: Haw answers Haw, Mulan is weaving at home, but she hears the sigh of a woman instead of the sound of a loom. Ask a woman what she thinks and what she remembers. She has nothing to think about and nothing to remember.
The military post I saw last night was full of soldiers. Twelve volumes of the art of war, each with your grandfather's name. Grandpa has no eldest son and Mulan has no big brother. She is willing to be a pommel horse, so she will sign for you from now on.
Buy horses in the east, saddle dogs in the west, reins in the south and whips in the north. Say goodbye to parents and go to the Yellow River at dusk.
I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the Yellow River splashing. But bid farewell to the Yellow River and stay in Montenegro at dusk.
I can't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I hear Yanshan Hu riding a horse. Wan Li to Rongji, the mountain is flying.
New Qi Chuan Jin Yan, cold light iron clothes. The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.
See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall. Policy 12 turn, before reward 100.
Khan asked him what he wanted, and Mulan didn't need Shang Shulang. I am willing to send my son back to his hometown.
When parents heard that their daughter was coming, they went out to help Guo. Sister-in-law heard that her sister-in-law was coming to take care of red makeup.
When I heard my sister coming, I sharpened my knife at pigs and sheep. Open my East Pavilion door and sit on my West Pavilion bed.
Take off my wartime robe and put on my old clothes. When the window is decorated with clouds and temples, the mirror is painted yellow.
When you go out to meet your partner, your partner is depressed. After traveling together for twelve years, I didn't know Mulan was a girl! The male rabbit's feet are confused and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred.
When two rabbits walk on the ground, Ann can tell whether I am a male or a female.
4. Famous historical stories with profound meanings and explanations. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, is the king of a generation of sages and one of the few outstanding emperors in the history of China, especially famous for listening to remonstrances. However, when the ministers' exhortations were fierce and painful, Emperor Taizong sometimes couldn't help himself, but also wanted to wash his face and turned a deaf ear. But after all, Emperor Taizong had extraordinary bearing and bearing, and put the country first. If he smells it, he will change.
The prince of the Tang Dynasty, named Uncle Jun, was pure-hearted and upright. After Prince Li was appointed as the Prince of the East Palace, he became the prince's shed. After the change of Xuanwu Gate, Wang Jue was implicated and exiled to Zhou Juan.
In the first year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong ascended the throne. Knowing that Wang Jue was very talented, he let bygones be bygones, recalled Wang Jue and worshipped him as a doctor. On one occasion, Emperor Taizong came to the court and said to the courtiers, "An upright monarch cannot appoint a traitor to rule the world; Honest courtiers who serve treacherous monarchs cannot rule the world. Only when the monarch and the minister meet each other and the fish and water are in harmony can all rivers flow into the sea and the world be ruled together. Although I am not sensitive, I still hope that you can correct me more, so that with your good ideas and strategies, the world will be leveled. "
Wang Jue immediately replied: "I heard that there is no rope and ink to separate the right side. If you adopt the public, you will be enlightened." Therefore, there must be seven courtiers beside the ancient Lord. If they don't do as they say, they will continue to protest against each other in death. Your majesty is an enlightened saint, because I am in an open-minded position, and I am certainly willing to do my best. "Emperor Taizong benefited a lot from this, so he stipulated that when the dignitaries above the third class entered the DPRK, there must be an admonition officer around. Emperor Taizong is indeed a good suggestion, and Wang Jue used to have rules and regulations. When he saw any shortcomings, he would suggest them.
However, not every exhortation sounds so pleasant. On one occasion, Emperor Taizong lost his temper and severely accused his grandparents and grandchildren of teaching the imperial secretary vocal music against the wishes of Emperor Taizong. Wang Jue and Wen Yanbo thought that the responsibility lay not with their ancestors, so they advised Taizong: "Ancestors are proficient in temperament, so they should not be careless in teaching people. I'm afraid the man your majesty asked lied to your majesty. In addition, Zhu Sunxiao is an elegant scholar. Your majesty ignored this and asked him to teach female music, and he also blamed him. I am worried that the whole world will be shocked by this. " Hearing this, Taizong was furious and shouted, "You are all my confidants. You should be loyal and straightforward, but you should let me speak for my grandparents alone! "
Wen Yanbo hurriedly bowed down to apologize, but Wang Jue refused to bow down and said, "I served the Prince of the East Palace, and my crime has been punished. Your majesty forgave me, put me in a prominent position and asked me to faithfully perform my duties. What I said today was not for myself, but your majesty suddenly became suspicious and sneered at me. This is that your majesty is sorry for me, not that I am sorry for your majesty. " Taizong was speechless when he heard this.
The next day, Emperor Taizong said, "Since ancient times, it has been difficult for emperors to adopt suggestions. Zhou Wuwang didn't use the words of Boyi and Shu Qi. Wang Xuan was a wise master, but Schuber was killed innocently. I have always hoped to learn from the former Lord, but I only hate myself for not reaching the level of the ancients. I blamed Wang Jue and Wen Yanbo yesterday, and I regret it. I hope you won't be outspoken because of this! "
5. The representative story of ancient times, 1, refers to that when a deer is a horse and Qin Ershi, Prime Minister Zhao Gao held the power of state affairs.
He came up with an idea because he was afraid that some of his ministers would not obey. One day in the court, he took a sika deer and said to II, "Your Majesty, this is my famous horse. It can walk 1000 miles a day and 800 miles a night. "
Junior laughed and said, "Shengsheng is obviously a deer, but you say it's a horse. Too wrong! " Zhao Gao said, "This is indeed a horse. How can your majesty say it is a deer? " The second doubt is for officials to judge. Everyone thinks that telling the truth will offend Cheng Xiang, and telling lies is afraid of deceiving your majesty, so they keep silent.
At this time, Zhao Gao glared at the ministers, pointed to the deer and asked loudly, "Look, what round body, thin legs, thick ears and thick tail is this?" Everyone is afraid of Zhao Gao's influence. They don't say no, they just say it's a horse. Zhao Gao is very proud. The second is confusion. It's obviously a deer. Why does everyone say it's a horse? He thought he was crazy, and he became more and more confused. Everything in politics was completely manipulated by Zhao Gaolai. Zhao Gao secretly killed the person who told the truth, and sent someone to kill II, which occupied the whole court and eventually led to the demise of the Qin Dynasty.
Zu Ti, who heard chickens dancing in Jin Dynasty, was an open-minded and ambitious person. But he was a naughty boy when he was a child and didn't like reading.
When he entered his youth, he realized his lack of knowledge and felt that he could not serve his country without studying, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, so he began to study hard.
He read widely and studied history carefully, from which he learned a wealth of knowledge and made great progress. He has been in and out of Luoyang, Kyoto for many times, and people who have contacted him say that Zu Ti is a talented person who can assist the emperor in governing the country.
When Zu Ti was 24 years old, he was recommended as a lawyer, but he didn't agree. He still studies tirelessly. Later, Zu Ti and his childhood friend Liu Kunyi became the main book of Sizhou.
He and Liu Kun have deep feelings. They not only share the same bed, but also share the same lofty ideal: to make contributions, revitalize the state of Jin and become a pillar of the country. Once, in the middle of the night, Zu Ti heard the cock crow in his sleep. He kicked Liu Kun awake and said to him, "Everyone else thinks it's unlucky to hear a rooster crow in the middle of the night. I don't think so. How about we get up and practice swords when we hear chickens crow in the future? " Liu Kun readily agreed.
So every day after the rooster crows, he gets up to practice his sword, and the light of the sword flies and the sound of the sword is sonorous. Spring goes to winter, cold goes to summer, and it never stops.
Many things happen. After long and arduous study and training, they finally became generalists who can write good articles and lead troops to win the battle. Zu Ti was named General Zhenxi, realizing his desire to serve the country. Liu Kun became the commander-in-chief in charge of military affairs in Hebei and Youzhou, and also gave full play to his literary talent and military talent.
3. Cold lips and teeth "Cold lips and teeth" is an idiom story, which comes from. This story tells that the State of Jin borrowed a road from the State of Jin to attack the State of Guo, and the king of the State of Guo coveted the jade given by the State of Jin to protect his horse and promised to lend this road to the State of Jin. The minister of the state of Yu advised the king of Yu with the truth that "the lips are dead and the teeth are cold", but he did not listen and let the state of Jin go through the state of Yu to destroy the state of Guo. The state of Jin came back from the destruction of the country and conveniently destroyed the state of Yu. "Cold lips and cold teeth" means that many things are interdependent like lips and teeth. If the lips are gone, the teeth will feel cold. Similarly, when the State of Guo was destroyed by the State of Jin, the State of Yu lost its support and dependence, and it was doomed to extinction. When all the plants were in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fu Jian, the former king of Qin in the north, mobilized 900,000 troops to March into the Huaihe River and attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 383 AD.
The weak Eastern Jin Dynasty calmly dealt with the enemy. General Xie Shi and Xie Xuan led the troops to fight in Huaihe River.
Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, felt that he had millions of Qiang Bing and a mountain of grain and grass. It is easy to beat a weak Jin Dynasty. He should win the first battle and capture Shouyang in one fell swoop. Fu Jian was convinced that he would win, so he sent Zhu Xu, commander-in-chief of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to Xie Ying to persuade him to surrender. However, when Zhu Xu arrived there, he told Xie Shi instead of persuading him to surrender: "Although Qin Jun boasted that there were millions of Qiang Bing, most people were still on the road. If Qin Jun doesn't arrive today, you can quickly fight and attack its pioneer, and the sound of the army will be weak. "
So he immediately sent his subordinate Liu Jianjun to lead 50,000 chosen men to spend the night and surprise Qin Jun. As a result, Fu Jian's army was defeated. Fu Jian flew into a rage when he was defeated. He boarded the tower and looked at the Jin army on the south bank of Feishui. He couldn't help shivering.
Fu Jian saw from a distance that the Jin troops were neat and morale was high. Look again, the trees and grass on Bagong Mountain are swaying in the wind. He thought it was a soldier, and he was uneasy. He said to himself, "There are plenty of Jin soldiers."
Later, Qin Jun's morale was extremely low, and Fu Jian's command was weak. As a result, Qin Jun collapsed across the board, and Fu Jian fled back to Luoyang with an arrow, which made him "jittery and nervous" all the way. Since then, the former Qin dynasty has gradually disintegrated.
This idiom comes from Liu Yiqing's Drama in the Southern Dynasties. One summer, Cao Cao led troops to fight. The soldiers walked for a long time without water and were very thirsty, but there was no water around. What shall we do? Cao Cao mused, thinking, this can't be done.
So he stood in a very high place and said loudly to the soldiers, "I took this road." Not far ahead, there is a large area of merlin, with many big plums. Let's go there to eat plums. " In fact, there is no such thing at all, but after hearing what Cao Cao said, everyone immediately thought of the sour taste of plums, and everyone felt that saliva was flowing out of their mouths.
Everyone stopped feeling thirsty at once and went forward actively, hoping to eat plums soon. Finally, everyone finally walked out of this wasteland and reached their destination.
This is the origin of the idiom "looking at plum to quench thirst", which is used to describe that a wish cannot be realized and you can only comfort yourself with fantasy or big talk. Similar idioms include painting cakes to satisfy hunger.
6. After reading the Historical Story of China about 600 words, The Historical Story of China is my enlightenment book and my "silent teacher". It helped me open the door to knowledge and let me know the long history of China. The content of this book is very attractive, and there are many historical stories in it, such as the story of Qi, a romantic genius and the story of cutting Wu. These stories. Some show the preciousness of friendship, while others tell stories of cheating. Among them, the story of Huang Daopo, a weaver, impressed me the most. I admire Huang Daopo's kind, studious and honest personality. Her family was poor and her parents couldn't afford it, so she was sold to others as a child bride. Huang Daopo had to work all day, was beaten and scolded by her in-laws, and lived a life that was worse than death. Wandering around. One day, Huang Daopo sneaked into a boat and came to Haikou with the boat. She studies textiles with local residents. But she never forgot her hometown. More than 30 years later, Huang Daopo returned to his hometown of Wunijing Town. She passed on the textile technology she learned to the women in the town, thus producing a large number of "black mud well quilts". At that time, the "Wunijing quilt" was famous all over the country. I know Huang Daopo, and I know Huang Daopo for the development of my hometown. She is selfless and self-reliant. She is really a good example for me to learn. Teacher Li's comment: The little author expressed his feelings around the story of Huang Daopo, the Weaver Girl in The Historical Story of China, and praised the historical figure Huang Daopo. Her feelings are sincere and her writing is fluent. It's really not easy for fifth-grade students. There is one drawback. Young writers tell stories on the basis of stories, and their perspectives are not wide enough. It is suggested that he should calm down and make an outline before writing. After reading China's historical stories, his understanding of history [2006-12-1914:19: 00 | by: Hmily] paraphrased a famous saying of Song Shenzong. History is also a hard word to say. Even historians are very cautious when it comes to the origin of history. So now, is the significance of history an ignorant act to find the foundation of a mirage? I think history has been listed as a relic of the past. At present, we can trace the traces gradually covered by streamers and explore the contemporary significance from the clues of historical sites. It can be said that it cannot be ignored. The wheel of history has never stopped for any king, political party or country. What great achievements a king has and how civilized he is; What is the superior system of a party? What kind of excellent lineage a nation has, how splendid its civilization is, and its history is as selfless as notarization, without giving them more tolerance and shelter. Therefore, it is worthwhile for all people of insight to explore and solve the significance of history as a permanent proposition and topic. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wei warned Emperor Taizong that "taking history as a mirror, you can learn to rise and fall". History can't talk. Her silence is her value. People or nations who are good at reflection can understand the law of ZTE in the rise and fall of history, so that the future history of the country and nation will develop healthily and avoid being in danger and being in their own hands. The prosperity of the Tang Dynasty is inseparable from Yang Di's in-depth reference and criticism. The characteristic of historical repetition seems to be a lingering nightmare. It has puzzled and puzzled future generations for a long time. Countless history books record the gains and losses of the present or previous dynasties. One is to record the history of a country, and the other is to leave complete clues for later rulers and people. Sometimes history is just forgotten, and smart and persistent people jump out and say, "All history is contemporary history." It is true to compare Chinese and foreign history horizontally and examine the current country vertically. Found that history is strikingly similar. Luo often said: "If you are divided for a long time, you will be combined." Have you noticed that the rise and fall of a dynasty always alternate, and there will be chaos after the prosperous times and correction after the troubled times. Somehow, it conforms to China's theory of Yin and Yang. History can be used as a reference for those in power, but it can only be a reference. The wheel of history will never stop, all we can do is try our best! Try to postpone the arrival of that day ... Of course, the significance of history is not just to avoid and learn from it. I am repeating this argument in a cliche today, with the aim of setting a benchmark for the significance of history in our hearts. No matter what angle we look at history and what conclusions we draw, even superficial mistakes and omissions can't stop our original intention. It should also be our responsibility as social people to grasp history from a wide perspective and in multiple dimensions. .