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Lu Buwei, a tycoon who runs the country

Sang Hongyang, a farmer and business wizard

Shen Wansan, the richest man in the country

Wu Bingjian, the richest man

Business tycoon Qiao Zhiyong

Red-top businessman Hu Xueyan

A generation of money king Wang Chi

Hardware king Ye Chengzhong

Shanxi merchant Xue The three brothers

The enlightened wealthy businessman Qu Benqiao

From business to official development in Yuquan

Fan Shikui took a unique approach

The salt merchant offered wine to Yang Jimei

Advocating benevolence and virtue, Li Mingxing

Foresight and foresight, Li Hongling

Lei Lutai, the founder of the bank account

Wang Haifeng, a man of great talent and strategy

Hui merchant Zhang Xiaoquan

Search their names on Baidu to get their deeds

Books that record business affairs of merchants include "Historical Records". There are records of ancient merchants in books such as "Biographies of Huo Zhi", "Yu Li", "Miscellaneous Notes of Yanjing" and "Zhitan".

Ten tips for doing business in ancient times

1. Know the land to win, choose the land to make money

The Art of War says: The terrain is determined by the help of soldiers. Predicting the enemy's victory, calculating dangers and disasters, far and near, is the way of a general. He who knows this and uses war will win; he who does not know this and uses war will lose. It can be seen that terrain is important to combat, and a general must pay attention to it. Doing business is like fighting, and shopping malls are like war. People who often do business are like generals who command thousands of troops. A wise general will often occupy favorable terrain and ultimately win the war. As a great strategist during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, Fan Li knew this very well. From a strategist's perspective, he believed that Tao Di was the center of the world, connected to all the princes, and an ideal place for trade in goods. So he chose Tao land as a marketing point. Sure enough, in nineteen years, he made three fortunes and became a wealthy businessman. From this, the good name of Tao Zhugong was well-known in ancient and modern times and left a mark in history. According to "Historical Records: Biography of Huo Shi", after the Qin State destroyed the Zhao State, it implemented an immigration policy. At that time, many people bribed officials and were unwilling to move and asked to stay where they were. Only the wealthy businessman Zhuo asked to move to a distant place. Under the mountains, he took a fancy to the fertile land, rich products, honest folk customs, residents who were keen on buying and selling, and easy development of commerce. A few years later, Zhuo became a well-known rich man. This concept of choosing not only the time but also the place has been accepted by later generations of businessmen. The famous capital of Huaizuo, Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, is located in the west of Zhuxi. It is located at the strategic point between the north and the south, with developed transportation, convenient water transportation, and frequent goods exchanges. The land was fertile and rich in tea, salt, silk, and silk. Many merchants came here, and merchants from Qin and Shanxi settled and operated here. It was from here that the famous Huizhou merchants started to dominate the world.

2. Buy when it is cheap, sell when it is expensive

Fan Li and Bai Gui, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, believe that if you buy when it is cheap, even though it is expensive, it is already cheap; if you sell when it is expensive, it is already cheap. Already expensive. It is emphasized that businessmen should be good at seizing business opportunities, seizing the opportunity, and buying and selling without losing the opportunity. Business profits come from the difference between buying and selling prices. Once you find that the opportunity to buy or sell has arrived, you should act like a beast or a bird of prey and make a decision immediately. During the time of Wei Wenhou, the Chinese people focused on farming, but Bai Gui was willing to watch the changes in time. When there was a good harvest, he bought grain and sold silk paint. When silk became available, he purchased large quantities of silk and sold grain. He once said: In business, I am as strategist as Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong, as good at judgment as Sun Bin and Wu Qi, and as good as Shang Yang in law enforcement. Some people are too wise to adapt to circumstances, their bravery cannot make prompt decisions, their benevolence cannot make appropriate choices, and their stubbornness cannot adhere to principles. Therefore, if such a person learns how to run a business from me, I will not teach him. This passage clearly explains his decisiveness and wisdom in grasping the opportunity to buy at low prices and sell at high prices. Bai Gui's business principles and experience were praised by later generations of businessmen. With his own business strategy and careful management, he made his family rich.

3. See the clues and predict the future to make money

Gou Jian, the king of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period, was ashamed of his country's subjugation. Purchase grain from the state of Wu. In the second year, the state of Wu was severely short of food, and the people were in dire straits. The hungry people had no food to eat, and there were many complaints. The state of Yue took the opportunity to raise troops to destroy the state of Wu.

God will not let you down if you work hard. The King of Yue finally became a hegemon and became one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. King Gou Jian of Yue was doing a big business here. What he made was not gold and silver, but a country and the hegemony that dominated the world. It is a successful example of the application of merchant methods in politics. "Yi Jian Zhi" records that during the Song Dynasty, there was a fire in Lin'an City, which affected the fish pond. The shop of a businessman named Pei also caught fire. However, he did not go to put out the fire. Instead, he took his silver and recruited manpower to go out of the city to purchase bamboo. Wooden bricks, reeds, rafters and other building materials. After the fire, everything was in ruins, and building materials were in hot demand on the market. At this time, Pei's merchants took advantage of the opportunity to make a fortune, earning dozens of times the value of the shop. At the same time, they also satisfied the needs of the market and the market. the needs of the people. You can catch a glimpse of a leopard in a tube. Keen observation and accurate judgment are the never-ending source of wealth for businessmen, and they are also one of the necessary abilities for businessmen.

4. Small profits but quick turnover, no one dares to be noble

Ji Ran, a great business theorist in the pre-Qin Dynasty, believed that "the most noble will turn against the low, and the low will turn against the noble." He advocated "What is valuable is like dung, and what is cheap is like pearls and jade." Sima Qian once said: "Buying three yuan when you are greedy, and five yuan when you are cheap" means that a businessman who is greedy for heavy profits can only make a profit of 30%, while a businessman who makes small profits but quick turnover can make a profit of 50%. "Yu Ion" records: There were three businessmen selling the same product in the market. One of them lowered the price and sold it to many buyers. He made a fortune within a year. The other two refused to sell at a lower price. As a result, they made huge profits. Far less than the former. Zhang Liang, a counselor of Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, was a student of Huang Shigong in his early years. He sold scissors to people during the day and came back to study at night. Later, he felt that there was not enough time to study, so he divided the scissors into upper, middle and lower grades. The price of the upper grade was higher. Change, the middle price will be one penny less than the original price, and the inferior one will be two penny less than the original price. As a result, it only took half a day to sell twice as many scissors as usual, make twice as much money as before, and spend more time studying than before. Therefore, there is a folk proverb: Zhang Liang sells scissors. ——High and low are the same thing.

5. Carved red and green to keep customers company

"Yanjing Miscellaneous Notes" contains: The store in the capital city is plain and simple, carved red and green, with brocaded windows and embroidered doors. Some shop signs hang high, and at night, colorful brocade lanterns are lit at the door of every house, illuminating the street as if it were daytime. Some shops display calligraphy and paintings to promote products, as well as calligraphy and paintings by celebrities, which is arty. In this way, we can sublimate the taste of the store and increase the customer's return rate. There are also some teahouses, restaurants, and hotels that specially arrange musical instrument performances and storytelling to entertain guests. In a noodle shop in Hangzhou, the capital of the Song Dynasty, as soon as a customer entered the shop and sat down, the waiter immediately came to ask what the customer wanted, complying with the customers' instructions and making no mistakes. Operators deeply understand that luxurious decoration reflects the strength of a store, so the store is designed with painted pillars and carved beams, which is antique and magnificent, and goes to great lengths to cater to the elegant consumer psychology of wealthy businessmen and ladies. . At the service, you will be greeted with a smile when you enter the door, and you will be greeted with a nod and farewell when you go out. These methods of treating guests like gods, coupled with the noble and elegant decoration, make many customers fall in love at first sight, lingering over and over again.

6. Take righteousness as profit and pursue righteousness to avoid wealth

During the Qing Dynasty, there was a businessman named Shu Zungang, who was careful in calculation and good at weighing. In his spare time from doing business, he likes to read the "Four Books" and "Five Classics" and apply the principles in the books to doing business. He once said: Money is like a spring, just like a flowing spring. He also said: For people, the way to make money is to use righteousness as a benefit and not to use profit as a benefit. If the country is like this, let alone one's wealth. Li Dahao, a businessman from Huizhou, warned his successors: Wealth comes from the Tao, benefit, fate, and righteousness. Use this to be strict with yourself, and treat unjust wealth as a floating cloud. Confucius said: A gentleman loves money and gets it in a wise way. If you use righteousness to gain profits, virtue will make you prosperous; if you sacrifice righteousness to gain profits, you will not gain profits if you lose your righteousness. Businessmen should be warned against this. A house that accumulates good deeds will be blessed, and a house that accumulates bad deeds will be in trouble. If an operator has long-term rationality and wisdom, he will not use bad and despicable means to make profits; if he uses bad means to do any business, he will eventually lose the profits he has made.

7. A man with long sleeves is good at dancing, and a lot of money is a good businessman.

"Han Feizi·Five Idiots" said: "A long-sleeved man is good at dancing, and a lot of money is a good businessman." Work. The word "kind" is emphasized here.

If funds are insufficient, you must be good at using them. The purpose of use is to make profits. Only when funds and commodities circulate continuously can profits roll in. When dealing with goods, we must ensure that the goods are in good condition, that is, the stored goods must be intact, and no spoiled goods must be left behind; when handling funds, we must ensure that the currency is interest-free, which means that the currency must not be stagnant, and the currency must flow like running water. Currency and commodities Once it circulates, trading will be viable. Shen Kuo of the Song Dynasty gave an example: If a hundred thousand yuan of capital is not turned over, even if it is a hundred thousand years old, it will be worth one hundred thousand. If it is traded and circulated, and the turnover is accelerated, the profit will be millions.

8. A clever plan can win an army and make a fortune

Soldiers often say: There is no way for the generals and armies to compete with others for profit if they don’t have any clever soldiers. In all battles, use the right combination and the cleverest tactics. win. Sima Qian said in "Historical Records: Biography of Huo Zhi": The right way to manage life is to use strange methods to get rich. The book also lists merchants such as Yong Bo who sells fats and Zhuo who sells meat products. They all became rich by mastering their own skills and selling rare products. The same was true for Zhang Xiaoquan’s Scissors Shop in later generations. In the Qing Dynasty, a businessman of the Cao family in Taigu County, Shanxi Province, one year saw sorghum growing with tall stems and large ears, and was very lush. However, he felt something was strange. He broke off a few of them and took a look, and found that there were pests in the stems. So, he arranged to purchase a large amount of sorghum overnight. At that time, most people believed that a good harvest was in sight, so they sold large amounts of sorghum in stock. As a result, many sorghums were bitten to death by pests when they matured.

9. Be prepared for danger when you are in times of peace, and be prepared when you are in trouble.

The "Shu Jing" says: Be prepared for dangers when you are in times of peace, and be prepared for dangers when you are in peace. "Han Shu·Xi Fu Gong Zhuan" says: Even if the world is at peace and forgets about war, it will be in danger. The businessman Li Zuli was very diligent and diligent, and he could use every scrap of bamboo and sawdust. His business started day by day, and his home was burned down. In the late Qin Dynasty, there was a businessman of the Ren family who was frugal and required his family not to drink, eat or eat unless they were doing business. The ancient records on business and financial management also include: In business, you must be diligent and don't be lazy. Being lazy will make everything useless; spending money must be frugal and don't be extravagant. If you are extravagant, you will run out of money. It can be seen from this that businessmen should be prepared for danger in times of peace and be diligent and thrifty. Stay in peace and never forget the danger. Less comfort and more worry will bring business people into a better place. Poor harvest. But Cao's merchants made a profit through strange tricks.

10. Select people according to their power, and employ them with sincerity

Sun Tzu said: Plan for profit and listen to it, which is to prepare for the power and support it outside. Powerful people control power because of profit. Therefore, those who are good at fighting must seek power and not blame others, so they can choose people to gain power. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a businessman named Dao Xian from Qi State. Businessmen at that time were generally reluctant to hire people with quick minds to do things. Only the Dao family specifically used such people, gave them generous rewards and full trust, and let them do it boldly. These employees worked very hard, and they also Excellent. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a grocery store called Sun Chunyang in Suzhou. The store was divided into north and south warehouses, seafood rooms, pickled meat rooms, sauce rooms, and candle rooms. The seller took a ticket from the counter and shipped it to each room. The person in charge controls the overall situation. A small summary every day and a big summary every year. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty for more than two hundred years, the descendants still enjoyed the benefits, and no one with another surname could succeed him. In a place like Suzhou where there are many shops, Sun Chunyang's grocery business has been able to flourish for more than 200 years. The secret of its success must be attributed to the sincerity of its employees and strict store regulations. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Hu Rongming, a Guizhou merchant, had been doing business in Jiangxi for more than 50 years. Because he was honest with others and had a good reputation, he went out of business and returned to his hometown in his later years. He said: If he is honest, why should he be named after me? It can be seen that honesty is the virtue of the Chinese people.