Hawking
Directory of Stephen William Hawking
Biography
Related works
Interesting facts about Hawking
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Winning Awards
Hawking's Life
Afterthoughts
Hawking's Quotes
2004 - Hawking's Paradox and Conservation of Information
Public Speaking
Classical Discourse
Note: What is information? Information conservation? What is time?
Public Speaking
Classical Discourse
Note: What is information? Information conservation? What is time?
[Edit this paragraph] Biography
Stephen William Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England. He graduated from Oxford University and Trinity College, Cambridge, and received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Cambridge. The reason why he has been in a wheelchair for 40 years is because he unfortunately suffered from Lou Gehrig's disease, which causes muscle atrophy when he was 21 years old. His speeches and questions and answers can only be completed through a speech synthesizer. Professor of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge, UK, he is the most important contemporary general relativity and cosmologist. He is one of the great men with international reputation in this century. He is known as the greatest living scientist and is also known as "the universe". King". Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England, on the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death. In the 1970s, he and Penrose proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they jointly won the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1988. He is therefore known as the world's most famous scientific thinker and most outstanding theoretical physicist after Einstein. He also proved the area theorem of a black hole, which states that the area of ??a black hole does not decrease as time increases. This naturally leads people to relate the area of ??a black hole to the entropy of thermodynamics. In 1973, he considered the quantum effects near black holes and found that black holes emit radiation like a black body. The temperature of its radiation is inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole. In this way, the black hole will slowly become smaller due to radiation, while the temperature will become higher and higher. It ends with a last-minute explosion. The discovery of black hole radiation is of extremely fundamental significance, unifying gravity, quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics.
After 1974, his research turned to quantum gravity theory. Although a successful theory has not yet been developed, some of its characteristics have been discovered. For example, space-time is not flat at the Planck scale (10^-33 centimeters), but is in a bubble state. There is no pure state in quantum gravity, and the causality is destroyed, thus raising the unknowability from classical statistical physics and quantum statistical physics to the third level of quantum gravity.
After 1980, his interest turned to quantum cosmology.
In July 2004, Hawking revised his original view of the "black hole paradox" as wrong and that information should be conserved.
The subtitle of this book is From the Big Bang to Black Holes. Hawking believed that his lifetime contribution was to prove the inevitability of black holes and the Big Bang singularity in the framework of classical physics. Black holes become larger and larger; but in the framework of quantum physics, he pointed out that black holes become larger and larger due to radiation. Becoming smaller and smaller, the singularity of the Big Bang is not only smoothed out by quantum effects, but the entire universe began here.
The details of theoretical physics will change over the next 20 years, but as far as concepts are concerned, it is now quite complete.
Hawking's life is very legendary. In terms of scientific achievements, he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history. His contribution was that he was confined to a wheelchair for 20 years due to Lou Gehrig's disease. Made under circumstances that are truly unprecedented. Because his contributions had a profound impact on human concepts, there have been many media accounts of his struggle with general paralysis. Therefore, God is very fair to everyone. He has physical defects, but his mind is very smart! Despite this, the scene when one of the translators (Xu Mingxian) met him for the first time in 1979 is still vivid in his mind. It was the first time I attended the discussion class of Hawking's general relativity group in Cambridge. After the door opened, suddenly a very weak electrical sound sounded behind my head. When I looked back, I saw a skinny man lying on an electric wheelchair. He drives the electric switch himself. The translator tried to be polite and not show too much surprise, but he was used to the surprise of those who saw him for the first time at the extent of his disability. It took a lot of effort for him to hold his head up. Before losing his voice, he could only speak in a very weak and deformed language. This language could only be understood after working and living with him for several months. He cannot write, and reading must rely on a machine that turns pages. When reading documents, he must have each page spread out on a large desk, and then he drives the wheelchair to read page by page like a silkworm eating mulberry leaves. People have to have deep respect from the bottom of their hearts for the fact that there are souls among human beings who pursue the ultimate truth with such a strong will. From his help with the translator's personal affairs, we can see that he is a person with a rich humane touch.
Every day he had to drive his wheelchair from his home at No. 5 Cambridge West Road, past the beautiful River Cam and the ancient King's College, to the offices of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics on Silver Street. The department built a ramp specifically to facilitate his wheelchair.
At the University of Cambridge, which is rich in academic tradition, he currently holds perhaps the most lofty professorship ever held, that is, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics held by Newton and Dirac.
One of the translators of this book studied under Hawking for four years and completed his doctoral thesis under his guidance. This book was translated into Chinese at the request of Hawking so that one-fifth of the human population can understand his theories.
He also proved the area theorem of black holes. Hawking's life is very legendary. In terms of scientific achievements, he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history. He held the most prestigious professorship ever held at Cambridge University, that of Newton and Dirac as the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. He holds several honorary degrees and is a fellow of the Royal Society.
He suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Lou Gehrig's disease) and was confined to a wheelchair for 40 years. Turning it into an advantage, he overcame his disability and became a supernova in the international physics community. He couldn't write and couldn't even speak clearly, but he transcended theories such as relativity, quantum mechanics, and the Big Bang and entered the "geometric dance" that created the universe. Although he was sitting so helplessly in a wheelchair, his mind brilliantly traveled across the vastness of time and space and solved the mysteries of the universe.
Hawking’s charm lies not only in the fact that he is a legendary physics genius, but also in that he is an impressive leader in life. His scientific spirit of constant exploration and brave and tenacious personality deeply attracted everyone who knew him.
He is known as "the greatest living scientist", "another Einstein", "an out-and-out strong man in life" and "a person who dares to challenge fate".
[Edit this paragraph] Related works
"Continuation of a Brief History of Time" As the undisputed authority on cosmology, Hawking's research achievements and life have always attracted a wide range of readers. "Sequel to a Brief History of Time" is compiled for readers who want to know more about Professor Hawking's life and his theories. This book narrates Professor Hawking's life and research work in the form of candid and sincere private interviews, showing the real "people" behind the huge theoretical framework. This book is not your usual oral history, but a deeply moving and fascinating portrait and description of one of humanity's greatest minds of the twentieth century. For non-professional readers, this book is undoubtedly an opportunity for them to enjoy the achievements of human civilization and a source of valuable inspiration.
"Hawking's Lectures - Black Holes, Infant Universes and Others" is a collection of 13 articles and speeches written by Hawking between 1976 and 1992. Discussed imaginary time, the birth of the infant universe caused by black holes, and scientists' efforts to seek a completely unified theory, and made unique insights into free will, the value of life, and death
"The Nature of Space and Time" 80 years ago General relativity is expressed in a complete mathematical form, and the basic principles of quantum theory also appeared 70 years ago. However, can these two most accurate and successful theories in the entire physics be unified in a single quantum gravity? Two of the world's most famous physicists debate this very question. This book is based on six speeches and the final debate given by Hawking and Penrose at Cambridge University.
The book "The Charm of the Future" begins with Stephen William Hawking's prediction of the future of the universe in the next billion years, and ends with Don Cubitt's realization of the last trial, introducing the development of predictions, and The way we predict the future today. The text of the book is easy to understand. While the author explains his own views, he also answers some interesting questions, which is very interesting to read.
"The Universe in a Nutshell" is Professor Hawking's most important work after "A Brief History of Time". In this book, Professor Hawking once again brings us to the forefront of theoretical physics. In Professor Hawking's world, truth is even more dazzling and colorful than fantasy. Professor Hawking uses popular language to explain the principles that govern our universe, and with his unique enthusiasm, he invites us to embark on a journey into the universe and make an extraordinary journey through time and space.
"A Brief History of Time - From the Big Bang to Black Holes" (written in 1988) Hawking's bestseller - "A Brief History of Time" is Hawking's masterpiece. The author has rich imagination, wonderful ideas, beautiful language, and every word is exquisite. It is even more shocking to people that the changes in the future outside the world are so magical and wonderful. This book has a cumulative circulation of 25 million copies and has been translated into nearly 40 languages.
In this book, Hawking will attempt to outline the history of the universe as we think of it - from the Big Bang to black holes. In the first lecture, he will briefly review past conceptions of the universe and explain how we arrived at our current picture. This may be called the history of the universe.
The second lecture will explain why the two gravity theories of Newton and Einstein both came to the conclusion that the universe cannot be static, it has to either expand or contract.
And this means that there must have been a moment between the first 20 billion years and the first 10 billion years when the density of the universe was infinite, resulting in the so-called Big Bang. It may be the beginning of the universe.
The third lecture will talk about black holes. A black hole is formed when a giant planet, or larger body, collapses (collapses and contracts) in on itself due to its own gravitational pull. According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, any fool foolish enough to fall into a black hole will disappear forever, and they will never be able to escape again. Their history will reach a singularity and a painful end. However, general relativity is a classical theory - that is, it does not take into account the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.
Lecture 4 will describe how quantum mechanics allows energy to leak out of black holes. Black holes are not as black as people make them out to be.
Lecture 5 will apply the ideas of quantum mechanics to the Big Bang and the origin of the universe. This leads to the idea that spacetime may be limited in extent, but has no edges. This may be similar to the surface of the Earth, but it has two more dimensions.
Lecture 6 will show how this new boundary condition can explain the problem: although the laws of physics are time-symmetric, why are the past and the future so different?
Finally, Lecture 7 will describe how we are trying to find a unified theory that can encompass quantum mechanics, gravity, and all other interactions in physics.
If we achieve this, we will truly understand the universe