Su Qin was a famous political strategist during the Warring States Period and advocated co-vertical alliance (that is, uniting other countries to jointly deal with the powerful Qin State). A native of Luoyang, with the courtesy name Jizi, it is said that he was the apprentice of Guiguzi.

Su Qin's most glorious moment was when he persuaded the kings of the six countries to unite, and he was a master of rhetoric. So he wore the seal of the Six Kingdoms and marched into the Qin State. However, due to the internal problems of the Six Kingdoms, he was easily defeated by the Qin State.

There is a saying that he and Zhang Yi echoed each other and achieved their personal goals together.

At that time, the emperor of Zhou sent his civil and military concubines to King Hui of Qin. King Hui sent the rhinoceros head to attack Wei, and used the general Long Jia to capture Wei's Diao Yin, and wanted to invade the east. Su Qin was afraid that Qin soldiers would reach Zhao Ye, so he angered Zhang Yi and invaded Qin. '----"Historical Records·Biography of Su Qin"

[Editor]

The process of lobbying the six countries

This period of lobbying can be called the most clever in Chinese history Debate speech. Seen in "Historical Records: Biography of Su Qin" and "Warring States Policy", etc.

Unable to be used until Qin Dynasty

Qin Xiaogong had died at that time, and he firmly supported Shang Yang's reforms. However, Xiaogong's successor, King Hui of Qin, was newly established and did not need debaters, so Su Qin did not serve in Qin State. Get what responsibilities.

Speaking of Yan

Su Qin told Marquis Wen of Yan that Yan was more threatened by Zhao than Qin, so it was necessary to unite with Qi to protect Yan. So Su Qin gained the respect of Yan State.

Speaking of Zhao

Su Qin told Zhao Suhou that Zhao was in a critical place and any deviation from the six countries would ultimately be detrimental to itself, but uniting the six countries could effectively check and balance it. The Qin State achieved hegemony. So King Zhao also gave Su Qin money, valued him, and asked him to unite other countries.

Talk about Korea (Warring States)

Su Qin angered King Xuan of Han and made him concentrate on consolidating.

Speaking of Wei

Also used the selfishness of ministers to persuade King Wei Xiang to concentrate on cooperating.

Speaking of Qi

Xiao Zhi thought that Qin could not cross Zhao Wei to attack Qi, but Qi actually surrendered to Qin, which was very shameful.

Speaking of Chu

Su Qin said that King Wei of Chu said that other countries among the six kingdoms have united, and if Chu does not participate, it will inevitably be attacked by Qin.

After such lobbying, Su Qin became the leader of the alliance and was the seal of the six kingdoms. He made a treaty to the Qin State, and the Qin State did not dare to leave Hangu Pass for fifteen years.

[Editor]

The failure of the alliance and the death of Su Qin

The alliance of the six countries was originally based on their own interests, so the foundation was not deep. Qin State sent rhinoceros chiefs to Qi State and Wei State to conquer Zhao State together to destroy the alliance of the six countries. Su Qin left Zhao State and the alliance collapsed.

The final glory, talking about Qi returning ten cities to Yan

Qi State took advantage of Yan State to establish King Yi and occupied ten cities. King Yan asked Su Qin to take them back. Su Qin lobbied King Qi: King Yan is the son-in-law of Qi. If you seize Yan's territory, are you attracting Qin's elite troops? So the King of Qi returned these cities of Yan.

He had an affair with Madam Marquis Wen of Yan, so he left the State of Yan and went to the State of Qi, where he was later assassinated.

The most popular story about Su Qin among the people is that he hung his head from a beam and stabbed his buttocks in order not to fall asleep when he was studying hard.

Zhuangzi once worked as a small official in Qiyuan (now Mengcheng County, Anhui) and lived in poverty. According to "Zhuangzi, Waipian, Qiu Shui", King Wei of Chu sent someone to invite Zhuang Zhou to manage the political affairs of Chu. Zhuangzi refused King Wei of Chu's invitation on the grounds that he would rather be a turtle playing in the mud than a turtle in the temple. He was indifferent to fame and wealth all his life, advocating self-cultivation, being quiet and inactive, and living a secluded life. Befriend Hui Shi.

Some people think that Zhuangzi's behavior is truly carefree, while others think it is a manifestation of cynicism. Hu Wenying of the Qing Dynasty held this view in "Zhuangzi's Only View". He said: "People only know The sorrow in Sanlu is greater than that in Qiyuan. The sorrow in Sanlu is in one country, but the sorrow in Qiyuan is in the world; the sorrow in Sanlu is for a moment, but the sorrow in Qiyuan lasts forever. "(Sanlu is Qu Yuan)

Mozi broke the ladder

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In the early years of the Warring States Period, King Chu Hui, the king of Chu, wanted to restore the hegemony of Chu. He expanded his army to attack the Song Dynasty.

King Hui of Chu reused one of the most skilled craftsmen at the time. He was from the state of Lu, and his name was Gongshu Ban, who was later called Lu Ban. It goes without saying that Gongshu Bang is the most dexterous in using an axe. Anyone who wants to compete with him in using an axe is overestimating his ability. So later there was an idiom called "behavior in a class".

Gongshu Ban was invited by King Hui of Chu and became the official of Chu State. He designed a tool for attacking the city for the King of Chu, which was higher than the chariot. It looked as if it was so high that it could touch the clouds, so it was called a ladder.

King Hui of Chu ordered Gongshu to build a ladder quickly while preparing to attack the Song Dynasty. As soon as the news of Chu's manufacturing of ladders spread, the princes of various countries became a little worried.

Especially the Song State, when they heard that the Chu State was about to attack, they felt that a disaster was imminent.

Chu's desire to attack Song also aroused opposition from some people. The person who opposed the most fiercely was Mozi.

Mozi, named Zhai (sound dí), was the founder of the Mohist school. He opposed extravagance and waste and advocated frugality; he wanted his disciples to wear short clothes and straw sandals, participate in labor, and regard hardship as noble virtue. thing. If you don't work hard, it's against his principles.

Mozi also opposed the kind of melee that caused disasters to the people just to fight for cities and land. This time he heard that the Chu State was going to use the ladder to invade the Song State, so he hurriedly ran to the Chu State in person. His feet blistered and bled from running, so he tore off a piece of his clothes and wrapped them around his feet. Walk.

After running like this for ten days and ten nights, I arrived at Yingdu, the capital of Chu State. He first went to see Gongshu Ban and persuaded him not to help King Hui of Chu attack Song.

Gongshu Ban said: "No, I have already promised the King of Chu."

Mozi asked Gongshu Ban to take him to see King Hui of Chu, and Gongshu Ban agreed. In front of King Hui of Chu, Mozi said sincerely: "The land of Chu is very large, with a radius of five thousand miles, and the land is vast and rich in resources; the land of Song is only five hundred miles, the land is not good, and the products are not rich. Why does the king have luxury?" Why did he throw away his embroidered silk robe and steal someone else's old short coat?"

Although King Chu Hui thought Mozi was right? It makes sense, but he refuses to give up his plan to attack Song Dynasty. Gongshu Pan also believed that using ladders to attack the city was a good idea.

Mozi said bluntly: "You can attack and I can defend, but you can't take advantage."

He took off the belt he was wearing and surrounded him underground. Use it as a city wall, and use a few small wooden planks as siege tools, and ask Gongshu Pan to practice and compare their skills.

Gongshu Ban used one method to attack the city, and Mozi used another method to defend the city. One used ladders to attack the city, and the other used rockets to burn the ladders; one used ramming cars to hit the city gates, and the other used rolling logs and rocks to hit the cars; one used tunnels, and the other used smoke.

Gongshu Ban used nine sets of offensive methods and exhausted all the methods to attack the city, but Mozi still had many clever tricks to defend the city that he had not used.

Gongshu Ban was stunned, but he was still unconvinced and said, "I have come up with a way to deal with you, but I won't talk about it now."

Mozi smiled slightly and said: " I know how you want to deal with me, but I won't tell you."

King Hui of Chu was confused when he heard the two talking like charades, and asked Mozi: "What are you talking about?" "

Mozi said: "Gongshu Ban's intention is very clear. He just wants to kill me. He thinks that if he kills me, Song will have no one to help them defend the city. In fact, he made the wrong idea. Before I came to Chu State, I had already sent Qin Huali and three hundred other disciples to defend Song City. Each of them had learned my method of defending the city, and Chu State would not be able to take advantage of it. "

After hearing Mozi's words and seeing Mozi's ability to defend the city, King Hui of Chu knew that there was no hope of defeating the Song Dynasty, so he had to say: "Sir, you are right. Decided not to attack the Song Dynasty."

In this way, a war was stopped by Mozi.