A brief analysis of the philosophy of idioms and sayings
It is difficult for a clever woman to make a meal without straw - matter determines consciousness, and the content of consciousness comes from the objective world. Human activity is restricted by objective conditions
Thinking every day and dreaming at night -------Consciousness is a reflection of matter. (Another example, some of the myths, religious rumors, and scientific fantasies we often hear are also reflections of objective things. However, some are distorted reflections, and some are illusory or exaggerated reflections.)
Looking at plum blossoms to quench thirst; ingenuity - the reaction of consciousness on matter.
One thought - wrong consciousness (understanding) will lead people's practice astray.
The benevolent sees benevolence, and the wise see wisdom - people's knowledge composition is different, and their reflection and understanding of the same object will be different.
Preconceptions - people's reflections on objective things are affected by their original knowledge structure.
Adjust measures to local conditions; make the best use of the situation; teach students in accordance with their aptitude; tailor the teaching to suit the situation; prescribe the right medicine; adapt to circumstances - ①Everything should be based on reality; ②Concrete analysis of specific problems.
Aiming too high - unrealistically pursuing goals that are too high and too far, and subjectivity and objectivity are separated.
The Zheng people buy shoes; search for horses according to the pictures; learn to walk in Handan; play the harp on the ox; eat them alive; cut off the feet to fit the shoes; follow the script - ① do things in a rigid and dogmatic way, not based on reality; ② ignore the particularity of the contradictions of things, copy them mechanically, No detailed analysis of specific issues.
Deceive one's ears and steal the bell; paint cakes to satisfy one's hunger - subjective feelings determine objective existence and deny the objective existence of things. (Idealism point of view)
Superfluous - people should reflect objective things truthfully and cannot distort them subjectively and arbitrarily.
Working behind closed doors - doing things subjectively and not based on reality.
Leave it to fate; life and death are determined by destiny, wealth and honor are in heaven - the idealist worldview where subjectivity determines objectivity.
Putting out firewood with firewood; boiling soup to stop boiling; drinking poison to quench thirst - without starting from reality; without concrete analysis and treatment of specific problems, it will inevitably backfire.
Know your enemy and know yourself, and you will win every battle - only by thoroughly investigating the actual situation and comprehensively analyzing the situation can you win.
The door hinge is not beetrooted, and the running water is not rotten; life lies in movement - movement is the fundamental attribute and way of existence of matter.
You will reap melons if you sow melons, and you will reap beans if you sow beans - 1. The movement of matter has its objective laws; 2. Internal factors are the basis for the change and development of things.
Unfounded worries - ① deny the objectivity of the laws of material movement; ② look at the problem one-sidedly.
Carving a boat to seek a sword - denying the absolute movement of matter and failing to understand that there is no such thing as absolute stillness.
Every time you are born, you will die; orders are changed every day - denying the relative stability and stillness of things.
People change from time to time, and nature changes from time to time—things both develop in motion and have relative stability.
Be far-sighted; have a high-level view - be good at looking at problems as a whole.
People who have no long-term worries must have short-term worries - ① There are causal connections between things ② If you don't look at the problem from the overall and long-term perspective, it will be difficult to handle local relationships.
Inheriting the past and opening up the future - things are universally connected (vertical connection in time)
A fire at the city gate affects the fish in the pond; there is a sky outside the sky, and there is a mountain outside the mountain; a mantis stalks a cicada, and the yellow The bird is behind; the lips and teeth want to rely on each other; the lips are dead and the teeth are cold - the universality of the connection between things.
There is no storm without waves; deep roots and luxuriant leaves; good will be rewarded with good, evil will be rewarded with evil - there is a causal connection between things.
Treat the head for a headache and the foot for a sore foot; see only the trees but not the forest; sit in a well and look at the sky - only the parts but not the whole, and look at the problem from a metaphysical one-sided point of view.
To fish from the swamp; to kill the goose to retrieve the eggs - ignore the objectivity of the relationship, only focus on immediate interests, regardless of long-term interests.
The blind man feels the elephant - judging things based on one-sided understanding or partial experience, and generalizing. (One-sided view)
The magpie cries joy and the crow cries mourning - denying the objectivity of the connection between things.
The authorities are confused, but the onlookers are clear-only by starting from the overall situation and the overall situation of things can we see the things themselves clearly.
With one careless move, everything will be lost; a single move can affect the whole body - sometimes the part plays a very important role in the whole. (Under certain conditions, key parts play a decisive role in the whole)
Vicissitudes of life; changing stars; natural selection; seeing each other with admiration after three days apart - everything in the world is changing and developing, and cannot be Look at the problem from a static point of view.
Abolish the old and introduce the new; weed out the old and bring forth the new; throw away the old and adopt the new; abandon the old and make use of the new; metabolism - the essence of development is that new things replace old things, and we must support and promote the development of new things.
Haste makes waste - the changes and development of things are objective and do not depend on people's subjective will.
A single spark can start a prairie fire (the relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change); the right way can help many people, but the wrong way can help little - new things have strong vitality and will eventually defeat the old things.
Throwing an egg against a stone; using a mantis' arm as a chariot; doing too much injustice will lead to self-destruction - running counter to the laws of social development and the masses of the people will inevitably lead to self-destruction.
To be conservative; to stick to the old ways; to be complacent - conservative in thinking, looking at problems from a metaphysically static point of view, not striving for progress.
Typologise—avoid and cover up contradictions, and deny the objective existence of contradictions.
When things go to extremes, they must be reversed; if things go to extremes, things will turn into peace; extreme happiness will lead to sorrow; a blessing in disguise will happen - the two contradictory parties will transform into each other under certain conditions.
Every time you take a bite, you gain wisdom; failure is the mother of success: a blessing in disguise; be prepared for danger in times of peace - we must look at problems from the perspective of mutual transformation between the two sides of the contradiction, and be good at learning lessons from failures. .
Full of losses and benefits at the same time; humility makes people progress, pride makes people fall behind - certain conditions must be met for the mutual transformation of the two contradictory parties.
Listen to both and you will be enlightened, but to believe only will be dark; no gold is pure, no man is perfect; a ruler is short, an inch is long - adhere to the dichotomy, look at the problem from a dichotomy point of view, Oppose one point theory.
People are different. There are hundreds of red flowers; radish and cabbage, each has his own favorite; eight immortals cross the sea, each showing his magical powers; soldiers will block it, water will cover it - the peculiarity of contradiction.
You can know a work by looking at the subtleties; you can know the autumn with a leaf; a drop of water can reflect the brilliance of the sun; everything remains true to its origin (the relationship between phenomena and essence) - ① The particularity of contradiction cannot be separated from the universality of contradiction; ② Connected point of view.
Treatment of different diseases with the same treatment, same disease with different treatments - the dialectical relationship between contradictory universality (university) and particularity (individuality).
Putting one's crown on the pedestal; making no distinction between good and bad; referring to a deer as a horse - obliterating the different characteristics of different contradictions (the particularity of contradictions) and confusing the different natures of things.
White horse is not a horse--separate the relationship between the nature and individuality of things, and use the particularity of contradiction to deny the universality of contradiction.
To put the finishing touch; to outline the main points; to outline the outline; to lead the cow by its nose - to grasp the main contradiction of things when looking at problems and doing things.
Overall planning and consideration; good flowers need green leaves to support them; a fence has three stakes, a hero has three gangs - it is necessary to grasp the main contradiction of things and not ignore the secondary contradictions of things.
Putting the cart before the horse; losing the watermelon and picking up the sesame seeds - failing to grasp the key points in doing things and reversing the relationship between primary and secondary contradictions.
Pressing the flea with ten fingers; scratching the itch - not grasping the main contradiction of things and not finding the key to solving the problem.
The white wall has slight flaws; the flaws do not cover up the jade - when looking at a problem, you must distinguish the main and secondary aspects of the contradiction.
One leaf can't see the mountain - if you don't distinguish between the mainstream and the tributaries, you won't be able to recognize the nature of things, and you will draw wrong conclusions.
Hardship and hardship bring beauty to perfection; God rewards hard work; chiseling walls to steal light; things must first rot and then insects will grow; the master leads the door, and practice is personal - internal factors are the fundamental reason for the development of things, and external factors Acts through internal factors.
Those who are close to vermillion are red, those who are close to ink are black; oranges are in the south and tangerines in the north; Mencius’ mother moved three times; famous teachers give birth to great disciples - external factors are important conditions for the change and development of things.
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step; a dike of a thousand miles breaks in an ant nest; water drops penetrate rocks; guard against the slightest; step by step - the change and development of things begin with quantitative changes, and when quantitative changes reach a certain level, they will inevitably lead to qualitative changes; we must pay attention to Quantity changes and accumulation.
Tian Ji Horse Racing - ① The quantity of things as a whole remains unchanged, but changes in the structure and arrangement of the components that make up things can also cause qualitative changes; ② When the parts form a whole with a reasonable structure , the function of the whole is greater than the sum of the functions of its parts
When things are ripe, things will fall into place; when conditions are ripe - the accumulation of quantitative changes to a certain extent will inevitably lead to qualitative changes.
Decision is made immediately; the opportunity cannot be missed, and the time will never come again - when the quantitative change of things exceeds the critical point, we must seize the opportunity to promote its qualitative change.
Good things come hard; there are twists and turns - the development of things is the unity of progress and twists and turns.
Because the wind blows the fire; follow the vine and grasp the melon; follow the current; understand and grasp the laws of things, respect the objective laws, and act according to the objective laws, so that you can get twice the result with half the effort and achieve good results.
Pluck seedlings to encourage growth; chopping firewood without following the pattern will exhaust the person chopping wood to death - if you violate the objective laws, you will definitely be punished by the laws.
It’s up to people to plan things, and it’s up to God to accomplish things—scientifically combine subjective initiative and respect for objective laws.
Man can conquer nature; Foolish Old Man moves mountains; Jingwei fills seas; sails against the current, if you don’t advance, you will retreat; and you will never stop striving for self-improvement. People have subjective initiative, can understand laws, and use laws to achieve the purpose of transforming the world.
Ancient Poetry and Philosophy
1. The east wind does not agree with Zhou Lang, and the bronze bird spring is locked in two Qiao - external factors are the conditions for things to change
2. When the sun rises, the flowers on the river are as red as fire; in spring, the river is as green as blue; the setting clouds and solitary birds fly together; the autumn water is the same color as the sky all the time - the contradictions have special characteristics: one is the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and the other is the unique evening scene of the autumn river.
3. There is no way out despite the mountains and rivers, but there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers? - The progress and twists and turns of the development of things are unified.
4. Asking where the canal can be so clear, can there be a source of living water? - Practice is the driving force for the development of knowledge, and knowledge develops with the development of practice
5. Plum snow contends for spring Reluctant to surrender, Sao Ren Ge pen fee review. The plum blossoms are as white as the snow, but the snow loses the fragrance of the plum blossoms - when analyzing contradictions, we must not only look at their most common points (the universality of contradictions), but also look at their respective characteristics (contradictions and particularities)
6. Creation is ruthless but affectionate. Every time the cold comes, spring is born. Thousands of reds and purples are arranged, and only when the first sound of spring thunder-the accumulation of quantity reaches a certain level will a qualitative change occur
7. The clouds in the stream are beginning to rise, the sun is sinking into the pavilion, and the mountain rain is about to come, and the wind is filling the building? ——The point of view of connection
8. People have joys and sorrows, and the moon waxes and wanes. Is this true in ancient times?——The universality of contradictions
9. The side of the sunken boat Thousands of sails are passing by, and thousands of trees are springing up in front of the diseased trees?——New things will inevitably defeat old things
10. Don’t listen to old songs and new tunes, but listen to new willow branches?——Things are changing and developing, and you cannot follow the old ways.
(It’s so difficult to collect, I hope to adopt it)