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Ten famous sayings of Wang Yangming (intensive reading)
1, Wang Yangming's famous saying: "It is easy to break the mountain thief, but it is difficult to break the heart thief."

This sentence comes from The Complete Works of Wang Yangming and Yang Shide and Xue. In the first month of the 13th year of Zheng De's reign, Wang Yangming wrote to disciple Xue Kan before suppressing the rioting mountain thieves who attacked Li Tou, saying, "We have arrived in Longnan today and will be in the nest tomorrow. The four soldiers have all advanced as scheduled, and the thief will be forced to break. A certain direction is in the water, as Yang Shide (that is, Yang Ji) said, it is easy to break a thief in the mountains, but it is difficult to break a thief in the heart. It's no different from a rat thief. If a sage sweeps the crown of his heart, then a gentleman will make great achievements. "

2. Wang Yangming's famous saying 2: "The reason of everything is nothing more than my heart."

The full text is as follows: "The principle of everything is nothing more than my heart, but the principle of being poor in the world. It is almost not enough to take one's own inner conscience. It is necessary to seek the breadth of the world from the outside world to make up for it. " (Excerpted from the Workbook)

3. Wang Yangming's famous saying 3: "The heart is also reasonable." "Irrational outside the heart. There is nothing outside the heart. There is nothing outside the heart. "

"Nothing outside the heart, nothing outside the heart, nothing outside the heart" is Wang Yangming's mind thought, which means that in order to understand the mystery of the universe and know the truth of things, we only need to go back and explore our own mind and conscience.

When Wang Yangming said that there is nothing outside the heart, it means that the heart and things are the same, things are unhappy, and the heart cannot be separated from things. Without a bright heart, there would be no ghosts and gods. Without heaven, earth, ghosts and gods, there is no spiritual heart. On the one hand, a clever mind is the master of all things in the world; On the contrary, the mind has no body, taking the right and wrong sensed by everything in the world as the body. Objective things are in a virtual state of silence and are not perceived by the heart. Flowers disappear in the mountains, and the heart dies; When people see it, the color of the flower becomes clear for a period of time.

4. Wang Yangming's famous saying 4: "There is no body of good and evil, but action of good and evil. Knowing good and evil is a conscience, and good and evil are things. "

Judging from Wang Yangming's theory of four kings, conscience is the noumenon of the mind. There is no good or evil, but a sheltered heart without selfish desires. This is a natural law. Before it is done, it is neither good nor evil, and it is also the realm we pursue. It is "before it was made", so it is impossible to distinguish good from evil.

5. Wang Yangming's famous saying 5: "When you didn't see this flower, it died with your heart. When you come to see this flower, the color of this flower will be understood for a while. You will know that this flower is not in your heart. "

Judging from Wang Yangming's Biography, this is also the most appropriate exposition of the theory of mind. What Wang Yangming expressed was really China's traditional thought. He didn't say "mutually assured destruction" If he did, it would be a western idea. He means "shared silence", and "silence" is not "nothing", but a state of silence when there is no sympathy, so there is a concept called "sense of silence" in China traditional culture.

6. Wang Yangming's famous saying 6: "Those who are interested in saints, who are trained by Confucius and Mencius, seek many blessings for themselves, want the sun and the moon to shine, and look at the light is too small. Is it ridiculous? "

Looking at Wang Yangming's answer to the Shaozi book in the temple from the quotation-negation is the driving force of innovation, Wang Yangming's failure to think about the sage's way, and the method of lattice bamboo was handed down by the sage Zhu. The sage's words may not be all right, but there are also good words in ordinary words. Although it is mainly about learning, it is also of great benefit to life.

7. Wang Yangming's famous saying 7: "Sages are the same as heaven and earth, and Confucianism, Buddhism, Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi are all used by me. It's called the Avenue. The second is selfishness, which is called path. "

This sentence also shows that Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have a trend of integration, which is very well said. In the final analysis, Confucianism is this one, and everything in life is unified. This seems simple at first glance, but it is actually the most difficult. Because to understand this article, we need not only a thorough theoretical analysis (it is not easy to understand the vast number of Confucian works, including classics, history, philosophers, anthologies, etc.). ), but you must also follow this principle in your own practice, which is even more difficult.

8. Wang Yangming's famous saying 8: "Nothing is greater than the merits of heaven, and sin is greater than hiding the goodness of others. Evil is deeper than the ability to attack, and humiliation is more important than the shame of forgetting myself. All four people are ready to deal with the disaster. "

9. Wang Yangming's famous saying 9: "Fu Xuegui is in my heart. What's more, what's more, what's worse This is from the heart, but it is also. Although it is a cliche, it dare not think it is wrong, but it comes from Confucius. "

According to Wang Yangming's "Answering the Peace in the Book", Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and Lu Wang's Neo-Confucianism both belong to the category of Neo-Confucianism, and they both insist that heaven is the origin of all things in the universe. However, Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism believes that heaven is independent of the human body, and if we want to find it, we must achieve something by grasping things and knowing things. Therefore, Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism belongs to objective idealism in philosophical schools. However, Lu Wang's theory of mind and nature holds that heaven exists in people's hearts and can only be realized through self-reflection and getting rid of desires, so it belongs to subjective idealism in philosophical schools.

10, Wang Yangming's famous saying 10: "Therefore, sanctification is purely natural, not natural." Therefore, although you are mortal, you can be a saint if you are willing to learn and make your heart pure and natural. "

From Wang Yangming's biography (disciple of Xue Kan), Wang Yangming's standard of being a saint here is to be "pure natural". Different people may have different views on this point. Some people may say that this is an ancient thing, which has long been out of date. Well, to put it another way, change the saint into an adult. Change the standard from "pure justice" to core competitiveness. In this way, we can say that the standard of talents is to have core competitiveness. I don't think anyone will object.