Autobiographies of ancient celebrities in China: Author: Chen Lan Village Editor: No binding item: Paperback 19cm/349 Publisher: China Youth Publishing House/1997-07 ISBN No. : 9787500623939/7500623933 Original book price: 65438.

Book Introduction-Autobiographies of Ancient Celebrities in China

This book selects 35 autobiographies written by ancient celebrities in China, which started in the Han Dynasty and ended in the late Qing Dynasty. Its authors, from emperors and courtiers to hermits and monks, are mostly writers. Because the author himself is the master, it is convenient for him to understand his thoughts, express his political ambitions and career pursuits, or record his moral sentiments and sum up his life experience. Because of their different social status, life path and writing style, some of them are full of enthusiasm for Chen Qi. Some are open-minded and have no taboos; Some are humorous and enjoyable; Some of them are ill-fated, others are compassionate, and each of them depicts the different personality of the owner himself with vivid pen and ink. Each article is accompanied by the author's life, notes, translations and comments for reading reference.

Autobiography, in short, is a writing style of personal self-narration. can

A work that truly and artistically describes a person's real life can be called self.

Biography is a kind of biographical literature. Due to the author, time and national conditions.

Different autobiographies, especially in different times, are different in content and form.

There is a big difference. China's ancient autobiography is generally short, but the life materials are not.

All-round, multi-narrative, multi-lyric, and delicate language. China's modern or foreign autobiography, length

Generally, it is relatively long, and the life experience is relatively detailed. Although there are many differences between autobiographies, there are many differences between them.

The similarity is the author's self-reported life experience, and the author is the same as the biography.

People. This is the uniqueness of his biography.

According to the uniqueness of autobiography in biographical style, autobiography is in a complete sense

The moral should include four meanings: first, the life story should be true, which is also true.

The first characteristic of general biography; Second, how many different materials are there, but they are all.

Write your own character, especially your own soul. Of course, the materials are all

Face, more convenient for readers to understand their "whole person"; Third, I don't know where I am.

Interpersonal relationship and its position in social life and historical development

The role has a more objective and fair evaluation; Fourth, literature and art, especially English.

Nice talk. Of these four aspects, the third deserves special attention. If you want to be right

To make an objective and fair evaluation by yourself, you must go beyond your own subjective limitations.

Can be achieved, and it is generally difficult to achieve this state by writing your own biography, because people are very

It's hard to be self-aware.

Because of the uniqueness of autobiography in biographical style, that is, the degree of existence in autobiography is not

The same subjective factors make autobiography more complicated and colorful.

Tune. Everyone who has lived here has his own philosophy of life. How are things going,

There are a series of reasons to defend it. Cao in "Let County Records Understand Local Records"

Talk frankly and freely about your political pursuit; Liu Yuxi and Wang

He defended his political life in his autobiography; Xelloss, Wen Yuan in.

Autobiographies only talk about their own strengths; Lu Yu and Liang Qichao in his autobiography.

Make a very serious self-summary of a life experience. Despite the author's art

There are different skills, but they all take selfies of their hearts from different angles.

China's autobiography originated in the Warring States Period and was formed in the Book of History written by Liu Zhiji in the Han and Tang Dynasties.

General point out the origin of autobiography:

Guy tells himself, from the Middle Ages? Case study of Qu Yuan's Lisao Jing,

The first chapter is about the Chen family and its later ancestors; Say the origin of the Lord first, and then show your name. Autobiographical notes

Prosperity is based on this. Falling to Sima Xiangru begins with self-narration, but its position.

Syria, but remember from little to long, just stand, was caught by ancestors, then

I have no smell. To move the horse, we must also put the story of San Lv and Wen Yuan's recent works and models.

Rev. 2, music into a volume. So Yang Xiong followed his old method, and Ban Gu took action against the rest of the waves.

Self-narrative articles are really annoying. Although there are differences in words, our bodies are not easy.

Liu Zhiji's "autobiography" is autobiography. He thinks that Qu Yuan's works during the Warring States Period

The first chapter of Li Sao is the beginning of autobiography; There is also Sima Qian, a great fu writer in Han Dynasty.

Such as writing an autobiography, but the autobiography has not been handed down; Sima Qian in Historical Records

The seventieth biography Taishi Gongxu became the representative of the formation of ancient autobiography.

Work. Since then, autobiography has never stopped.

China's ancient autobiography has the following characteristics:

First of all, many celebrities in the past dynasties paid more attention to the writing of autobiographies, so the autobiographer's

Wide range. Most of them are writers, which is closely related to their means of mastering literature.

But autobiographers are not limited to writers, and even include emperors, such as Zhu.

Bird, down to ordinary scholars, such as Ping Buqing in Qing Dynasty; There are also officials, large and small, such as Ming

Song Lian, the founding civil servant leader, has a county magistrate Wen Yuanfa; Some monks like it.

Faxian also has hermits, such as Yang Weizhen. Autobiography is usually written only once in a lifetime.

Biography, but some authors have written more than two articles, such as "Self-Writing" written by Wang Ji in the early Tang Dynasty.

Epitaph, and wrote the biography of Mr. Wu Dou; In the late Tang Dynasty, Lu Guimeng wrote Mr. Fu Li.

Biography, also known as the biography of Jianghu people. The author wrote his autobiography at different ages, but he chose more than one.

At an important moment. Some authors wrote it when they were young, such as Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, who was twenty-nine.

Liang Qichao wrote "Autobiography of Lu Literature" at the age of 30 in modern times.

Shu was written at the turning point of life experience. More is written in his later years, such as the Tang Dynasty.

On behalf of Liu Yuxi, before his death at the age of 71, he wrote Zi Autobiography, which was written in the Qing Dynasty.

Duan Yucai, a scientist, wrote "Eighty Prefaces" at the age of eighty, all of which were self-summaries of life.

Knot a knot. There is also a combination of preface and autobiography, usually in a certain department.

Written after the book, such as Sima Qian's Preface to Taishi Gong and Wang Chong's Self-discipline Classic.

Why does the author attach importance to autobiographical writing and why should he write an autobiography? Usually used for

In order to spread my fame through my autobiography, I am afraid of being unknown. This autobiographical consciousness is also direct.

Please refer to the contents.

Second, the content of ancient autobiography is mainly self-reflection. China's Classical Poetry

Songs have always had the tradition of "expressing ambition with poetry", and ancient autobiographies are consistent with poetry and Sao in describing ambition.

China's traditional Confucianism has an introspective view. Zeng Ziyun, a student of Confucius:

"I save myself three times a day." ("The Analects of Confucius Learn") Ancient autobiographies often have egos.

The spiritual narration and introspection of introspection are as follows:

1. Know yourself and stick to your political ideals. Narration in ancient autobiography

Ambition is often associated with political ideals. Liu Yuxi's Autobiography of Zi Liu Zi in Tang Dynasty

Described the content of Yong Zhen's innovation. Author of "The King of Innovators"

The activity clearly affirmed that "people don't think what they are doing is wrong." Right?

The so-called "inner Zen" of Shunzong was revealed. The so-called "although the palace is secret, the construction is smooth and smooth."

"Being a vassal" implies that Li Yong in Shunzong was forced to abdicate by his political opponents, which is anti-innovative.

The palace coup was carried out under the control of eunuchs. Liu Yuxi actively participated at that time.

Yongzhen, headed by Wang, was demoted after the failure of innovation. But Liu Yu

Xi defended Wang in his autobiography, indicating that he did not give up the innovation of political theory.

Yes He also made a proper evaluation of himself in the inscription part of his autobiography: "Heaven and Peace"

Director, don't shoot Xi Shi! People are still troublesome, and their hearts are flawless! "Because of their own political opinions.

I feel sorry for not realizing the negative. I have a clear conscience about my pure heart, but

Said that his lofty political ambition would remain unchanged until his death. Wen Tianxiang at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty in "Refers to"

Yuan Ying's self-narrative experience from detention to escape in the preface to South Lu shows that

The loyalty of "I will do something" is also narrative, which shows its firmness.

Patriotism. As for Cao Cao's "let the princess know her story", it is also a statement and a watch.

In fact, it is only a political means to realize his ambition of not replacing Han.

2. Self-review and sum up life experience. Some autobiographies are at some stage.

A summary of life, such as Lu Yu's Autobiography of Lu Literature, tells the story from childhood to twenty-nine years old.

Years of life. He changed from an abandoned child to a little monk in a temple, and then

As a folk drama actor and director, he became a poet and scholar. because of him

Can constantly fight against fate and gradually mature. He looked back on his childhood.

Unfortunate experience, tenacious will of self-study, and friendship with various people in society.

I have made various achievements in my past creation, which is naturally a powerful stimulus to my future life.

With encouragement, you can have more confidence in life. Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty also commented on Ji Zi's achievements.

He explored his own life path and put forward his own attitude towards life: "No desire is just right."

Let go, spend your life, and be tireless. ""swimming must choose to make friends, but it is not easy to make friends. "Some authors are

In his later years, he wrote an autobiography to summarize and evaluate his life, and also to educate him.

Grandchildren. Duan Yucai, an outstanding exegetist in the Qing Dynasty, wrote in the preface to Eighty.

I am very modest in my evaluation and think, "Looking back on life, where is my study?" What are the achievements?

what's up ""the ability to raise relatives is also outstanding; And reading is nothing. " And clearly warned his son.

Sun wants to "live up to his year." "If you can live to your age, you will always be lucky." That is, descendants

As long as you don't waste time, then the length of your life is lucky.

3. Laugh at yourself and describe the taste of life. In the early Tang Dynasty, Wang Ji wrote his own epitaph.

Ming made an accusation of political frustration through his autobiography. Say that you are "talented and free."

Just a responsibility. The son of heaven doesn't know, or he doesn't know. 450, but nothing. therefore

Retire and swim in the village with wine. I often sell divination and write books from time to time. If you do nothing,

Sitting there without any evidence. "Another example is Bai Juyi's Biography of Mr. Drunken Songs, and Ouyang Xiu's Six,

Biography of the lay man is all about the interest of life in his later years. On the surface, Bai Juyi,

Living in drunken poems all day; In his later years, Ouyang Xiu and five

"One" living together means having 10,000 books, 1,000 epigraphy and a piano.

A game of chess and a pot of wine. Through these appearances, it is not difficult to find the author's deep life.

Feelings and self-mockery actually express their frustration in their later years.

4. The secret confession reveals the consciousness of confession. Some autobiographers have a long heart.

Depression is often related to their unspeakable secret pain. The secret of their hearts is usually

It is not easy to express, but it reveals the deep consciousness of self-expression in autobiography.

For example, Wang Tao's Autobiography of the Old Man in Yiyuan in Qing Dynasty reflects an early modern era facing the West.

Ideological contradiction and depression of intellectuals in capitalist reality. his

He also has a special secret in his heart, that is, he once wrote a letter to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to express his intention.

Things. In his autobiography, he not only called Taiping Army a thief and a bandit, but also criticized the Qing government.

The government wanted him on the charge of "communicating with thieves" and expressed deep dissatisfaction; And because the author met this "strange disaster, mother.

His life was ruined by sorrow, which made him "miserable all his life and want to gouge out his heart", so he did not repent.

And ... Another example is the biography of Leng Hongsheng by modern writer Lin Shu, who told himself that he had rejected it three times.

Love women express the romantic experience of love and reveal the deep structure of consciousness.

The conflict between emotion, spirit and flesh. He refused to see women three times, which shows his character and appearance.

Cold and heat are internal heat. His desire for sex is not easy to show, but now he is with women.

In communication, it is expressed in words. In this autobiography, he actually reveals

His confession to three women. The above four situations are self-evident and conscious.

Summarizing, self-deprecating and confessing are all to show one's mind.

Let others know about themselves. From this perspective, autobiographies are actually mostly introspective.

The product of knowledge, the portrait of self-mind. So how can we draw a picture that is both similar and fantastic?

Do you like it? This depends on the author's artistic talent and creative ability.

Third, excellent autobiographical works in ancient times have unique artistic charm. They're gone

Create a distinct self-image and personality, express true feelings and be creative.

Structure and simple and meaningful language attract readers.

1. Ancient autobiographies focused on the description of a person's mental outlook and personality, while

There is not much direct description of their appearance, occasionally, a few faint strokes, as always.

Just like the opening paragraph of Song Lian's "Legend of the White Bull" in the early Ming Dynasty, he wrote his own "riding"

White cows come and go on the stream, so they are born with white cows. Self has a short trunk and a detailed structure.

A sparse beard. "Although only a few strokes, but more impressive. Stone in Hu Yinglin

There is also a vivid description of self-appearance in the biography of the sheep. Ancient autobiographies

Image description is mainly through a person's words and deeds and a person's character.

So as to write your own mental outlook. For example, Xu Wei's "Self-directed Epitaph" in Ming Dynasty begins.

In the first paragraph, I made a cartoon-style self-portrait: "Bitch and lazy."

And straight, so I'm afraid I'm proud of your friendship, and I can't help being arrogant in public, which makes people sick. "Here it is.

People's impression of the author is a detached and cynical person. He added below.

I "don't sell it if I raise it in my hometown. People laugh at it and I'm unmoved." he

The failure of eight rural examinations was not because he was incompetent, but because the imperial examination system at that time was out of touch.

Richard, so he is not ashamed of failing the list. He "used to protect Hu Hong for less.

Fu, Dian Wen Zhang, a few words, throw a pen to go out. To put it simply, people who can't afford to lie down

Fighting with wits and courage is just foresight. This attitude is the reason why he is "afraid of your friends".

A concrete manifestation of pride. The author described his bumpy life path and ambition.

, full of personality spirit, highlighting the disregard for feudal ethics and contempt for dignitaries as their agents.

Anti-traditional chivalrous image. In the early Qing dynasty, Zhang Dai's epitaph for himself wrote

Personal life, thoughts and personality have changed greatly with the social changes in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Ups and downs. The author originally grew up in a wealthy family and teenagers.

At that time, I lived a dude's life, but in my later years, I became an ordinary citizen.

Even to the point where "clothes are vegetarian, and it is often broken." This is due to the "year to five"

Ten countries broke their homes and fled the mountains. "But it also shows his relationship with the Qing Dynasty.

The uncooperative attitude and lofty national integrity have written their own distinct essence.

The face of god. Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Song Dynasty, described her husband Zhao Ming in The Preface to Jin Shilu.

The origin of compiling Jin Shilu and the life interest of the author and his wife in their early years, and

The process of gathering and dispersing hidden stones. This work can be regarded as Li Qingzhao's autobiography.

It can also be used as a joint reading for Zhao and Li. In the works, lovers guess books, drink tea and travel.

In several typical parting cases, the images of two people are very distinct. They like

The personality of stone calligraphy and painting is particularly profound and touching.

Ancient autobiographies used psychological description directly when portraying their own personality.

Skill. Because I wrote about myself, my own experience, my inner activities at that time,

Always easier to understand and write than others. This is an excellent psychological activity in autobiographical writing.

Potential. Li Qingzhao wrote about her inner activities many times in the preface to the Records of the Stone. such as

On the way to say goodbye to her husband, she said, "lingering means evil." When I heard that my husband was ill, I said, "Yu.

I'm scared, I'm anxious, but I'm sick. Seeing that my husband was dying, I wrote, "I am very sad."

I cried so hard that I couldn't bear to ask about the funeral. Wandering to Huiji, cultural relics were stolen, and she wrote: "Yu."

Mourning unceasingly. "Later, after her husband died, she reread" The Stone "and naturally thought of death.

Husband, she wrote: "I suddenly saw this book today, like seeing an old friend", recalling that her husband was in Donglai.

Scene of Jingzhitang sorting out ancient books. Because these real and meticulous inner activities

Description, the author's love for her late husband, and the treasures of epigraphy and calligraphy are presented to readers.

In front of ... Another example is that Zhu Yuanzhang's tombstone is the tomb of his parents.

Write an inscription, but it focuses on describing his own suffering life experience and participating in the anti-yuan.

The story of Nanjing, the capital of the Boxer Rebellion, is actually an autobiography. The author has revealed many times

My inner activities, such as writing about my parents and the death of my eldest brother, say, "Why should I have a heart?"

Crazy with surprise. When the author parted from his second brother, he wrote: "Brother cries for me, and I am brother."

Hurt. When he left the temple for other places, he said, "My body is like a tent chasing the wind, but my heart is rolling."

Boiling soup. "And when the farmers in the Huaihe River basin began to rebel, the author was homesick.

The heart is clear and the sun is far away. "Yang when he left," homesick all day long.

Kang. "These psychological descriptions are written by Zhu Yuanzhang's family and relatives before he became emperor.

Deep feeling

2. The artistic charm of ancient autobiography comes not only from characters and personalities.

The depiction of the novel also comes from the true feelings expressed by the author. Love in literary works

Feeling is not only the content of the work, but also the art of the work. What kind of emotion should I write?

It's content. Because of the emotional strength, the lyric effect is directly related.

It is related to the artistic appeal of the work, so how to express emotions is also art.

The feelings expressed by autobiographers can only be felt if they are true and heartfelt.

Dye strength, or resort to deceit, or deceive readers. For example, the Southern Dynasty poet Jiang Zong.

Liang Shi, Chen and Sui are all prime ministers, who are in charge of state affairs.

The monarch and all the guests visited the banquet harem, and the monarch and ministers were at a loss, which eventually led to Chen's death. Manager Jiang made a "self"

Xu "is fraudulent, and the famous contemporary scholar Qian Zhongshu wrote in the fourth volume of Guan Cone."

"Jiang's" Self-introduction "pointed out:" Jiang's powerful minister is a guest, and one person holds two positions. This article is ambitious.

It is even more embarrassing to be indifferent, bitter and empty, and to avoid the heavy and light. "Visible Jiang Zongyong.

Try your best, but still can't escape the eye of later scholars. In ancient autobiography, many authors

Expressed sincere feelings, not only to their loved ones, but also to guests and friends.

Both expressed sincere feelings. For example, Liu Kai, an essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in Biography of Ye Fu in the Eastern Suburb.

Self-report: "If you make friends with them, there is no doubt that it is taboo. Sages are stupid and expensive, depending on their points; long

Use it to pay back, and you will benefit from it. "Or guests from afar, just give up production and wait for them.

There are many places to eat, drink and sleep together. "The guests have come back, just to take off their clothes and pay.

Knowing shows that sincere feelings can really touch people.

Ancient autobiographers can express their feelings in many ways. As mentioned above, Li Qing

Both Zhao's Preface to the Stone Record and Zhu Yuanzhang's Tombstone use psychological description.

Write your inner feelings directly. Some autobiographers also use direct

The combination of lyricism and narrative facts enriches the feelings expressed. For example, Hernan in the Ming Dynasty.

The British autobiography exposes the corruption of the imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty through personal experience.

Decadence and darkness express their physical and mental pain and resentment. There are three times in the article.

Respond to "Why, be prepared for the hardships of all students and those who don't pay the same amount", at the same time, take the exam.

Before, during and after the exam, the sufferings of candidates are described in detail for readers to learn from.

Its appearance aroused sympathy and admiration for the author.

3. The diversity and creativity of structure are also the artistic charm of ancient autobiography.

Where the strength lies. Autobiographies generally describe their life experiences in chronological order, but beyond that,

There are many structural methods. Explain the origin of a person's name or tell a story about it.

Life, such as Bai Juyi's Biography of Mr. Zuiyin and Yang Weizhen's Road flyover on the Iron Flute.

Biography, should it? Modest biography of Mr. Buboring, etc. Then compare your life with others.

Comparing the similarities and differences, this was initiated by the Preface of Liang and Zhu in the Southern Dynasties. Liu Junxian always said.

I have three similarities and four differences with Feng Jingtong in Han Dynasty, and then compare them one by one. Wang zhong in Qing dynasty

The preface also compares his life with that of Liu Jun in this way. There are four similarities and five differences.

In contrast, it shows the ups and downs of my life experience and the misfortune of my life. one more

Some autobiographies adopt the method of subject-object question-and-answer in the full text or some paragraph structures.

For example, Liu Kai's Biography of Ye Fu in the Eastern Suburb at the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty occasionally used "or Yue" and "Ye Fu Yue"

Use this question-and-answer or dialogue to organize the content; Ouyang Xiu's Six Artistic Houses

In The Scholars, the full text uses "the guest asks questions", "the guest smiles", "the guest smiles" and "the guest smiles"

"Yue" and "Jushi Yue" are questions and answers, combining narration and discussion, and sorting out materials. This method

It avoids the mode that the autobiography is only narrated by the author, which can make the atmosphere lively.

Jump, more convenient and vivid expression of the author's life interest.

4. Ancient autobiographies originated in different times and writers' literary accomplishment.

Characters naturally have different styles, but they are generally known for their simplicity and significance. Sima Qian

The full text of Taishi Gongxu is concise, scattered and vivid. narrate

Describe your own journey, using more than a dozen verbs and locative words plus different words.

Place names, account only one hundred words, both concise and clear. Sima Tan will be Syria.

In a paragraph, first write "Tai Shigong moved his hand and cried", and then write "moved his head and cried"

The father and son hugged each other and cried, and their feelings were touching. The record of Sima Tan's will is more meaningful.

Meaningful, reminiscent of Sima Qian's later immortal masterpiece Historical Records, not only

My father's personal requirements for Sima Qian also reflected the needs of the times.

Beg. In Preface to Taishi Gong, the paragraph describing writing a book with anger is neatly arranged.

Sentences, listing the successful examples of ancient people writing books after physical and mental frustration, are forceful and powerful.

Sheng expressed the author's strong confidence in writing a book.

Simple and meaningful language is often reflected in the influence of some ancient autobiographies on daily life.

In the description. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, Ping wrote that he loved the ancient school magazine in "The Biography of Lianshan Joe".

What his wife doesn't understand: "Sweating in summer and chapped in cold weather, don't take it seriously."

Take care of illness. The woman smiled and said,' It takes a lot of effort to write a book, but what about cultivating people's fields?' laugh

There is no answer. "The author" just laughed "four words, written really implicit, so that readers will.

A knowing smile.

Simple and meaningful language is also reflected in some famous sayings of ancient autobiographers.

Sentence. Have a plenty of authors who tell the truth, such as Cao Cao's self-evident in Rong County.

"Lexus" said: "If the country is not lonely, I don't know how many people will call themselves emperors and how many people will be called.

Wang. "Have a plenty of painful self-comfort, such as Li Qingzhao's preface to epigraphy.

He said, "In the past 34 years, there have been many worries and many gains. But, of course not, yes.

It's natural to get together and have a walk. When a man dies, he gets it and kicks his feet! "She and her husband.

Most of the stone calligraphy and painting he collected before his death were in the great turmoil between the Song Dynasty.

Why don't you break your heart when you are separated? But for the sake of psychological balance, I have to do this.

Go comfort yourself.

Four, the ancient autobiography forms are diverse, to judge whether a work is an autobiography, mainly

It should be determined from its content. Common ancient autobiographies are arranged in the order of title.

There are autobiographies with their own names or nicknames, and there are autobiographies with their own names or nicknames.

Epitaphs and autobiographies of other genres. Self in the form of book order

The preface is actually a combination of preface and autobiography. Sima Qian's preface of this kind

Initiated by Taishi Gongxu. This article was originally the seventieth biography of Historical Records.

The first part of the work describes the ancestors and their own life experiences, and the second part is

A summary of all the articles in Historical Records. The former part is an autobiography, and the latter part is equivalent to

The preface of later generations combines autobiography and preface, which is commonly used by later generations, such as Wang.

Self-discipline by Chong and Self-narration by Ai Nanying. Add sb.' s last name and first name to

"Biography" or "autobiography" before the autobiography, such as the Jin Dynasty Fa Xian's Fa Xian Chuan (again

It's called Buddha's Journey to Tianzhu and Interpretation of the Law, and Lu Yu's Lu Literature since the Tang Dynasty.

Biography, Liu Yuxi's autobiography. An autobiography titled by his nickname,

The third person is often used to write a biography, but it is actually an autobiography. This form was made by Tao Yuanming.

"Biography of Mr. May 6th" began and has been enduring ever since. In the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi wrote drunken songs.

Biography of Sir, Biography of laity on June 1st written by Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty, and White Bull written by Song Lian in Ming Dynasty.

Biography of life, Hu Yinglin's Biography of Shiyang, and modern Lin Shu's Biography of Cold Red.

Wait a minute. There are also some authors who wrote epitaphs for themselves during their lifetime, and there are still some epitaphs.

Ming's own life resume is also autobiographical, such as Wang Ji's In the Tang Dynasty.

Self-written epitaph, self-written epitaph by Xu Wei in Ming Dynasty and self-written epitaph by Zhang Dai.

Zhiming and so on. Autobiographies written in other styles, such as Cao Cao's Let Counties Know Books.

This genre is Ling Wen, and Zhu Yuanzhang's tombstone is an epitaph, but from their inside.

If you read it, it should be an autobiography. Autobiographies are generally written in prose, but they are also written in parallel prose.

, such as the preface of Wang Zhong in Qing Dynasty; It is also written in poetic style, such as Robin in the Tang Dynasty.

Wang's poem "The Past" has autobiographical significance.

5. Short space, short space and limited capacity. Ancient autobiographies are usually in one book

About 2000 words, the shortest is only 200 to 300 words, and there are very few long words above 10 thousand words. law

Fa Xian Zhuan, with more than 10,000 words, was an important loyal general in the late Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

After Li Xiucheng was captured by Zeng Guofan's army, he wrote a self-report before he was killed. According to Raul,

"Notes on the Outline of Li Xiucheng's Readme Manuscript" says that the full text of the manuscript should be more than 50,000 words, because it was once

The vassal tore a part of it, and there are still more than 30 thousand words so far, which is new in the May 4th Movement.

A rare long autobiography before the literary movement. Because the ancient autobiography is short, it is added.

Generally speaking, the author subjectively does not attach importance to detailing his life experience, so his ability is limited.

A person's life is incomplete and not specific, which is a serious limitation.

In the teaching of the elective course of ancient biographical literature research, the author comes into contact with

After reading many ancient autobiographies, I gradually feel that there are many excellent works in ancient autobiographies, which should be

Recommend it to students for them to read. Ancient autobiographies were excellent because most of the authors were literati.

A cultured person, with beautiful writing style, deserves appreciation; The author narrates his life and understands his thoughts.

The interest of self-expression and the personality of self-expression are worth learning by future generations; The content described in the work is

Precious historical materials useful to literature and history lovers and researchers. So from the text of ancient autobiography,

Academic Value and Historical Value is worth reading by today's readers. Gu Dan

Autobiographies are scattered in all kinds of ancient books, so it is not convenient to review them centrally. 1936

The Commercial Press published Biography of Guo Dengfeng in 2000, but

The selected works are too extensive, and some are not autobiographies; Of course, I also chose many autobiographies.

Excellent works, but without annotations, today's ordinary readers may have difficulty reading the text.

Difficult; And this book has not been reprinted for a long time, and it is not easy for readers to find it. For this reason, I choose another one.

After reading this autobiographies of ancient celebrities in China, the selection criteria are: 1. In my mind.

Rong is healthier, which may inspire readers in life. Second, there must be a certain

Literariness is limited to prose works. Scholars customize chronologies and the like, although they are born.

Plane facts are reliable, simple and few articles are not selected. Third, an autobiography from ancient China.

From the international situation, select some self-narrative and interesting articles. Fourth, always take care of it

Generation and representativeness. Each selected work has a brief introduction of the author, followed by a brief introduction.

Note that today's translation is followed by comments.