Liu Bei has been exposed to Liu's name. Of course, it would be a pity to drag Wang Jing's hat to Zhongshan to release Cao Cao. His father is the adopted son of the eunuch, and he can't say anything. He claims to be, of course, called a "real Chinese thief". When Luo Guanzhong wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it was out of the need of literary morality that he obviously adopted the brushwork of respecting Liu and belittling Cao, which made the all-powerful historical figure bear the most blame after his death. In fact, the real Cao Cao in history is neither as bad as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms nor as good as that written by Shu Wei. Righteousness, loyalty and treachery all depend on the benevolent, and the wise have different opinions.
In 155, Cao Cao was born in Peiguoqiao County (now northwest of Su County, Anhui Province). Legend has it that when Cao Cao was born, the cloudless sky in Wan Li suddenly thundered, and when his mother was in pain, the sky suddenly became overcast. By the time he was born, the crow and the rain were intertwined and integrated. There is a Confucian scholar among his neighbors. When he saw this scene, he said, "This son is integrated with heaven and will definitely become a great musical instrument in the future?"
Cao Cao's original name is Xiahou, and his father Xiahou Song changed his name to Cao because he was adopted by Han servant Cao Teng. Cao Cao's nickname "Shun" looks like "a person". He is dark, handsome, quiet, thoughtful and stubborn. In Shu Wei, he said, "He is not very alert and has the right to count, but a good eagle is a running dog and Ren Xia is a slut." Completely a prodigal image. His uncle doesn't like Cao Cao's behavior and often speaks ill of him behind his back. He lied to his uncle by pretending to have a stroke. When his father arrived, he kept his mouth shut. Let father never believe uncle's nonsense again.
It is this kind of "Ren Xia debauchery" that Cao Cao, who was not valued by people of his time, was appreciated by Qiao Xuan, who is famous for knowing everyone in the world: "The world will be chaotic, and those who are doomed cannot help." Only you, the boy, can make the world calm. Later, Qiao Xuan asked Cao Cao to visit Xu Shao, a famous soldier in the late Han Dynasty. Xu Shao commented on Cao Cao and said, "Zi can rule the world and be a traitor in troubled times."
What a "traitor" word, so history misread Xu Zijiang's words. After the Three Kingdoms, history made Cao Cao a vivid face, and he became a classic white face on the stage of drama. Everyone in the world began to hate it, humiliate it and belittle it. In fact, it is not an exaggeration to say that he is a traitor. Times are not forgiving him, pushing him to this position, he has to sweep the world. Bold iron-fisted official management
In A.D. 175, when Cao Cao was in Lian Xiao, he served as the Northern Commandant of Luoyang. He specially made more than ten colorless wooden sticks to stand on the left and right sides of the yamen to enforce the law, and expressly stipulated that whoever violated the ban would be punished with five-color wooden sticks. Even landlords and powerful families treat each other equally and never respect them. Those who commit the most heinous crimes will be killed without mercy. On one occasion, the uncle of Jian Shuo, the favorite of Emperor Han Ling, violated the ban at night, and Cao Cao boldly killed him with a stick. Since then, no one has dared to violate the ban.
It is precisely because "newborn calves are not afraid of tigers" that Cao Cao didn't have so much scruples when he did things. Liu Chen left 5,000 troops. Seeing that more than 65,438+10,000 allied forces failed to make progress, they led the troops to kill alone. "He was hit by an arrow." Later, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao worked together in the general He Jinfu. In order to crack down on the eunuch clique, blades decided to recruit Dong Zhuo into Beijing, and with the help of external forces, wiped out the "ten constant servants". Cao Cao foresaw that something was wrong and resolutely opposed it: "Eunuchs have existed in ancient and modern times. If we want to eradicate their crimes, we must first make an example of them and find a prison officer. Why bother to transfer soldiers into the city? " If you take the eunuch out of the first pot, things will inevitably leak, and I estimate that it will be defeated. "Later, he did kill blades, and Dong Zhuobing entered Luoyang," robbing the son of heaven and shaking the sea ".
When Cao Cao fled, he lived in Lv Boshe's house. Because he was suspicious, he always suspected that the Lv Boshe family was going to kill him, so he killed a family of eight in Lv Boshe, leaving behind the eternal famous saying "Better die than die". This historical fact is not recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms, nor are the three historical books cited by Pei Songzhi. According to records, "our son and guests robbed Mao". In Luo Guanzhong's works, Cao Cao's face is coated with a thick layer of white powder, which reverses the relationship between "treachery" and "masculinity" in Cao Cao's character, making his "masculinity" subordinate to his "treachery" and endowing him with the character of "masculinity as the outside and treachery as the inside". So Cao Cao became a well-known "white-faced traitor".
On one occasion, Cao Cao led troops to fight, and the rations were not enough. The army didn't know this, so they summoned Wang privately and asked him what to do. The king said, "You can pay the army with little hoof." Cao Cao said, "Good." Let Wang do as he says. When the deduction of rations caused public anger, Cao Cao said to the king, "Now I will use your head to stabilize the army." Don't behead the king, take his head and show it to the public: "This man distributed military food with small cockroaches and stole public food."
Chen Guanben was the savior of Cao Cao. After Cao Cao killed Bian Jean and Huan Shao, Chen Gong couldn't stand it. He left Cao Cao and was bent on helping Lu Bu to fight Cao Cao. Later, when Lu Bu was defeated, Chen Gong became a prisoner. Cao Cao didn't want to kill him, saying that as long as you surrender, I would let bygones be bygones, but Chen Gong was determined not to surrender. Cao can't help it. Since you can't be used by me or others, you must kill him. Before the execution, Cao Cao asked: Gong Tai (Chen Gong), what will your mother do if you die? What about your wife and children? Chen Gong said, I heard that people who govern the world with filial piety will not kill other people's parents, and people who govern the world with benevolence will not hurt their children. How is my mother depends on Zuo Zongtang's choice, and what my wife and children do depends on Zuo Zongtang's choice. Cao Cao said yes, then I'll send you on your way. And then sent Chen Gong to the execution ground in tears. Later, he took the Chen Gong family to his home and treated the Chen Gong family better than before Chen Gong turned against him.
The rest, they killed Kong Rong, beheaded Hua Tuo and beheaded Yang Xiu ... These three people, one is a model of "courtesy"-a person who will let pears at the age of 7; One is the idol of the doctor-the magpie master; There is also the embodiment of "wisdom"-a person who knows how to withdraw from the chicken ribs. Kill, where people have a good impression?
However, when Chen Shou wrote The History of the Three Kingdoms, his evaluation was quite objective, saying that he was "wise, better than brave, and wise lies in knowing people, strategies and situations". Cao Cao's wisdom lies in his ability to recognize and employ people. His judgments about his opponents often hit the nail on the head. When talking about Lu Bu, Cao Cao said: "(Cloth) can't be based in Dongping, it's a trip to Puyang, and I know there's nothing it can do." In a word, I ordered the death point of Lu Bu's courage and no plan; Speaking of Yuan Shao, Cao Cao said that he was "a land of four states with more than 100,000 people, ... with great ambition but little wisdom, strong nature and weak courage". Although the land is vast and the grain is abundant, it is just Cao Cao's military grain reserve. Talking about Liu Bei, Cao Cao is very modest: "Heroes in the world only listen to the king." Because of this, Qiao Xuancai gave him the evaluation of "extraordinary person, peerless outstanding person". seek after virtuous talent as if to quench one's thirst―eagerly seek after men of worth and ability
During the battle of Guandu, Yuan Shao's counselor Xu You was greedy for money. Who dares to use such a person if it is someone else? Cao Cao came out barefoot, clapped his hands and laughed. "Qing Zi has come a long way, and I am here to help."
Ding used to work under Cao Cao, taking advantage of his position to exchange his own cattle for official cattle, and was denounced and dismissed. Once Cao Cao saw him and deliberately asked, "Hou Wen, where is your official seal?" Knowing that Cao Cao was joking with him, Ding said, "Take it as a meal." Cao Cao laughed it off and restored Ding's official position.
Cao Cao cherishes talents very much. In order to keep talents, he can even bear the burden of humiliation. Once Chen Lin wrote an article scolding Cao Cao, which basically covered three generations of his ancestors. Later Cao Cao arrested Chen Lin. During the trial, Cao Cao asked, "Why did you scold my ancestors?" Chen Lin said with a smile: "I was writing an article and my mind was full of ideas. I was so excited at that time that I couldn't help giving it to your ancestors. " Knowing that Chen Lin was a talented person, Cao Cao smiled, not only forgave him, but also regarded him as a good friend.
When Cao Cao learned Taishi Ci's name, he wanted to take him to his account, so he sent someone to send him a gift. When Taishi Ci opened it, there was not a word in it. It's just Chinese medicine, and its name is "Danggui".
The famous scholar Ruan doesn't like Cao Cao. In order to escape his reuse, he even imitated the ancient Boyi and Shu Qi. Cao Cao was resolute and burned the mountain at the foot of the mountain to invite the scholar. When the flames were everywhere, Ruan R couldn't bear to be disturbed and finally showed his talents in the DPRK.
Cao Cao heard that Xun You was only a wise man, so he wrote him a sincere invitation letter: "There is great chaos in today's world, and it is time for wise people to work hard. Don't you think Mr. Wang has been sitting tight and retiring from the mountains for too long? " Goujian was greatly moved after receiving the letter, so he went to take refuge and became Cao Cao's strategist.
Cao Cao once issued three orders for seeking talents. In Jian 'an 19, Cao Cao issued an order: "People with virtue may not be able to make progress, and those who can make progress may not be virtuous. Does Chen Ping have the virtue of honesty? Where can Qin keep the credit? But Chen Ping laid the foundation of the Han Dynasty, and Su Qin helped the weak Yan State. From this perspective, a person always has shortcomings, how can he abandon it? "
These three orders of seeking talents subverted the traditional Confucian belief in one fell swoop, making "meritocracy" his first choice principle above all other principles, and truly achieved "eclectic demotion". He knows people well, is observant and never forgets old evils. "Shu Wei" said that he: "Pulling out of the forbidden, enjoying between the line and Chen, taking Zhang Liao and subjugating the country, all made meritorious deeds with their lives and listed them as names."
Zhang Liao, Li Dian and Lejin are good friends, but Cao Cao sent them to keep together. At that time, after Sun Quan won Anhui City, he advanced to Hefei. Zhang Liao and others disagreed, and the situation was extremely tense. At this time, Cao Cao sent someone to send a wooden box, which read: "When a thief comes, it is hair." In the book, Cao Cao made a specific plan for Hefei's defense: "If Sun Quan arrives, Li. Z can play and likes guarding the city. " After three people saw it, they decided to meet together. Zhang Liao made his own personal attacks, showing a broad mind. Li Dian was moved by Zhang Liao, and expressed his willingness to give up old grievances and obey orders. Le Jin is a little afraid of war, so he naturally defends the city wholeheartedly. Three people who were never in harmony became extremely United in the face of the war and finally won the battle to defend Hefei. Cao Cao's leadership art is to be familiar with the general's personality, so that three people with different personalities can bring out the best in each other, give full play to their respective advantages and show superb leadership art.
After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, he found a large number of letters in Yuan Shao's barracks that his Ministry would have an affair with Yuan Shao. Cao Cao burned all these letters without looking, saying, "Yuan Shao is stronger than Ma Zhuang, and I sometimes flinch myself, not to mention you?" Everyone is grateful and will be dead set from now on.
When Cao Cao went south, Liu Biao resisted Wen Pin until the last moment. "Why did Sir come late?" Cao said to him. "I can't help Liu Biao achieve great things, nor can I save one side's territory. I am sincerely ashamed, so I came late. " "Good loyal minister." Cao Cao sighed and immediately put him in charge of the military forces in this department, still being his own Jiangxia satrap.
Cao Cao rewards and punishments clearly, and rarely takes bribes. When the war broke out, he often expressed his opinions at the celebration banquet, pointing out the credit belonging to the counselors and military commanders one by one. This is the credit of General Zhang Liao, Jia Xu, Zhong You and so on.
Cao Cao trusts Zhong Wei very much. When Yanzhou was captured by Lu Bu, many people in counties rose up against Cao Luying. Cao Cao once proudly said to his opponent, "I believe Zhong Wei will never abandon me." As soon as the voice fell, I received the news of Wei's rebellion. Cao Cao was furious and swore through clenched teeth, "Unless you have the ability to escape where I can't find you." Later, Cao Cao defeated Lu Bu, and the rebellious Wei was firmly tied up by the soldiers and given to Cao Cao. "How can you treat Mr. Wei like this?" Cao Cao retired from the army, personally untied Zhong Wei and reinstated him, as if there were no holidays between the two men, as if they had never taken an oath.
After killing Yuan Tan, Cao Cao ordered: "Those who dare to cry kill their wives." A man named Wang Xiu said, "Yuan Tan recommended me. It is impossible to justify dying without crying. Fear of death and forgetting righteousness, why stand in the world? " So he stroked Yuan Tan's chopped head and wept bitterly. The soldier who executed the death penalty happened to be caught red-handed and was about to be dealt with according to the military law. Cao Cao stepped forward and stopped him and said, "Forget it, this man has been loyal for thousands of years, let him fulfill it." Not only that, when Wang Xiu pushed his luck and asked Cao Cao to accept Yuan Tan, Cao Cao agreed to his request and made Wang Xiu a grain officer.
After Cao Cao killed Yuan Tan, many counties under the rule of Yuan Tan had surrendered to Cao Cao, except a little satrap named Guan Tong. Cao Cao told Wang Xiu, "Go and kill Guan Yu." . Wang Xiu disobeyed Cao Cao's orders and unexpectedly persuaded Guan Tong to surrender to Cao Cao. When Cao Cao was happy, he not only didn't ask Wang Xiu for refusing to live, but promoted his official position.
Mr Xi Zhi is a good friend of Kong Rong. Kong Rong snubbed Cao Cao with letters many times in those years, and Mr. Zhi also advised him from time to time, but Kong Rong ignored him. When Kong Rong was punished, he was awed by Cao Cao's rage. At that time, no one dared to collect Kong Rong's body in Xuchang. Only chubby Xi came up slowly, crying and muttering, "Wen Ju (Kong Rong), who can talk to you if you leave me?" Fat Xi was executed by Cao Cao, but on second thought, he felt that Mr. Fat was loyal enough and ordered him to be released.
Fat Xi was arrested for disobeying Cao Cao's orders, but Cao Cao pardoned him for his bravery. After being released from prison, Fat Xi was originally moved to the suburbs by Cao Cao, and later met Cao Cao, so Fat Xi should apologize to Cao Cao. Cao Cao called, "Mr. Sheng Yuan, you are a generous man." After learning about Li's recent situation face to face, Cao Cao arranged accommodation for him in Xuchang, and "never tired of seeing it".
After Cao Cao declared Cao Pi a prince, Cao Pi invited many literati to a banquet to celebrate. When the wine was hot, he invited his wife, Zhen Fei, to meet with you. When all the guests saw the princess coming, they quickly stood up and fell on their knees. But a scholar still sat in his original position and looked at the princess coldly. The bachelor's name is Serina Liu. This incident reached Cao Cao's ears, and he thought that Serina Liu's failure to worship the princess was an insult to the prince. So, Cao Cao ordered Serina Liu to be sent outside the city to work with craftsmen to avoid being dismissed from office.
Shortly after Liu Zhen was sent to hard labor, Cao Cao took Cao Pi outside the city to inspect the service of Kong craftsmen. All the craftsmen in service stood up and saluted, except Serina Liu, who sat motionless on the millstone. When Cao Cao saw this, he said angrily, "Isn't this Serina Liu? What is the temperament of the millstone you are sitting on? " Serina Liu replied, "This millstone comes from under the mysterious rock of Jingzi Mountain. The appearance seems colorful, but the heart is full of loyalty. Carve without words, grind without ink. This is natural and cannot be changed. " As soon as Cao Cao's anger subsided, he sighed, "It really deserves its reputation!" So Cao Cao ordered Liu Zhen to be reinstated.
Cao Cao was famous for his laughter all his life. Whenever and wherever, he can smile calmly. The description of Cao Cao's laughter in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is varied and rich in meaning. But no matter what Cao Cao's smile means, among the many figures in the Three Kingdoms, from beginning to end, Cao Cao is the only one who laughs proudly.
Cao Cao is a killer, and few people in history can compete with him. Cao Cao's life is a life of killing. In A.D. 193, Cao Caodong conquered Tao Qian. Every time he attacks the next place, he carries out a massacre. Even in the Book of Wei, we should write down his several massacres, which shows the cruel and bloodthirsty side of Cao Cao's character. Xuzhou, wanton killing, along the way, "chickens and dogs are exhausted, and there are no pedestrians in the city."
When Cao Cao killed Cui Yan, a famous man, he asked the jailer to hint that Cui Yan had finished himself. Unexpectedly, Cui Yan was completely wrong, still receiving guests in prison, laughing as usual. "Don't you want me to do it myself?" Cao Cao left the pie mouth, and the jailer quickly handed Cui Yan the exact words of Cao Cao. That's what Tsao meant. That's easy to say. " Cui Yan immediately grabbed the steel knife from the jailer and cut it to his neck.
In the United War, Cao Cao cut Lu Bu, lowered Zhang Rust, drove Liu Bei away, destroyed Yuan Shao, killed Ta Dun, leveled Yuan Shu, incorporated Liu Cong, captured Sun Quan, defeated Ma Chao, won Zhang Lu, and gradually pacified the north. At this point, the steps have been set up and you can be the emperor. However, when Sun Quan occupied Jingzhou and killed Guan Yu, he was afraid of Liu Bei's revenge, so he sent a letter to Cao Cao, expressing his willingness to submit to Cao Cao and urging him to comply with his destiny and become emperor as soon as possible. But Cao Cao said, "Sun Quan wants to set me on fire" and "Destiny is in me, and I am Zhou Wenwang".
It can be seen that he still has some self-knowledge: he has said everything and done everything. The rest is left to future generations to comment on. He lived happily and clearly, and the history remained intact intentionally or unintentionally. Loyalty and betrayal are not important here.
In 2 16 ad, Cao Cao was promoted to the title of "Wang Wei", wearing the flag and crown of the son of heaven, and was called a police officer. Nominally, he was a minister of the Han dynasty, but actually he was in power in the ruling and opposition parties, and actually he was an emperor. In 220 AD, Cao Cao died at the age of 66.
Hero Cao Cao