Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Anhui, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, (average)

Liangguang Mountain in Xinning, Tibet. (even, even, even)

Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, Guizhou, Liaoning, Jilin and Fujian, (Pingping)

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei four Jiangnan. (Pingping)

In this paper, "Guangdong Mountain" refers to Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shandong Province and Shanxi Province, and "Four Provinces in the South of the Yangtze River" refers to Jiangsu Province, Jiangxi Province, Zhejiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Hunan Province, Henan Province, Yunnan Province and Hainan Province.

Li Bai, the elder brother of Mount Emei

In the autumn of the first half of Mount Emei, the Pingqiang River reflected.

In the evening, Qingxi went to the Three Gorges, but the four gentlemen did not see Yuzhou.

Wang Shui, a collection of poems on place names in Taiwan Province Province.

Bagua Ridge casts Hsinchu in the north, and Linkou Qingquan springs with Ruifang.

The fresh water Longtan has two streams, and the bamboo forest surrounds Taoyuan with triple fragrance.

Xunyangling. The sound of two lakes

After a long separation from Xunyang, the brushwork is slow and sparse. Sitting alone in late spring, smiling face is full of people.

It has been raining outside the window and there is wind in the room. Add a few strokes of cigarettes and a few strokes of water to a paper order, which means long meaning but weak meaning. Try to spell it out.

On poetry of place names

In order to show their profound knowledge and superb skills, ancient poets created a unique "poem of place names". The main feature of Poetry of Place Names is that the names of counties are hidden in the poem by using pun rhetoric. After the emergence of the Han Dynasty, poets of all ages made some contributions. For example, Fan Yun, a poet who was an official in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, wrote a poem "Famous Poems of Wangjun County in Fenghe Jingling County": "It is full of pines and strong winds. When you are near Fang Jing, you can tell, and when you are safe, you can start to calm down. When you get food from the north of the field, you can drive away the animals and fly to the lonely East. There are many ridges in the new town, so industry and commerce are not allowed in the city. The ship in Haixi is broken, and Yunnan is full of smoke. When you are exhausted, you can show your virtue. You can also drink fish and water and return to the tent in Ling Du. " This song describes the defense of ancient soldiers. The names of sixteen counties set in the Qin and Han Dynasties, such as Yuyang, mostly don't appear as place names in poems, but take their literal meanings with rhetoric devices such as homophonic and pun, such as Jincheng as a solid wall solution, Baima as a white horse solution, and Anyi (the county name of Qin, in the northwest of Xia County in Shanxi Province today) as a solution to appease the yi people, which is both appropriate and does not show traces of axe chisel. It is not very meaningful, which is also recognized by the ancients. For example, Yan Yu in the Song Dynasty pointed out in Cang Hua that "this poem is only a joke, not enough for the law." Even so, as long as it is used properly, it can "turn decay into magic." .

When we appreciate ancient poems, we often meet many place names, which seem to be inseparable. Place names are substantive nouns, while poems are literary works, which mainly express feelings and create artistic conception. Whether the use of place names in poetry can set off the artistic conception or weaken the destruction, our answer is the former, because the poet needs to use place names to point out where and what kind of environment arouses his interest; Otherwise, all descriptions will become rootless trees and passive water. A night-mooring near maple bridge written by Zhang Ji in Tang Dynasty is a well-known poem. The third sentence, "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City", is a narrative sentence, pointing out the location and looking dull. However, with this sentence, the scene described in the first two sentences, "The moon sets with black hoofs and frost all over the sky, and the fishing in the river village sleeps", can be attached to the beauty and landed; It is precisely because of this sentence that the next sentence "Midnight bell knocks on a passenger ship" is introduced, which completely tells the whole story about the specific environment here and now.

Now I'll give you a few examples to explain the seven laws, seven unique styles and ancient styles.

The first year of Guangde in Tang Daizong (AD 763) was the year when the Anshi Rebellion ended. The rebels all collapsed because the leader Shi Chaoyi committed suicide, surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, and recovered the north and south regions centered on Ji Cheng (now both capital city). The good news reached Du Fu, who lived in Zizhou (now Santai County, Sichuan Province) at that time. He couldn't restrain his inner joy and couldn't help but write the famous seven-rhythm poem "The banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army". The first sentence is "the news of this distant west station!" The north has been taken back! " , with two place names at the beginning. Factor continent is in the south of Jianmenguan, so it is called "outside the sword", which shows that the poet heard the news thousands of miles away. Another place name "Northern Hebei" refers to the recovered place centered on Ji Cheng, indicating the content of the news. The next five sentences are "at first, I couldn't stop tears from flooding my coat." Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily. Sing my songs loudly, drink my wine, and let me go home on a green spring day. " It vividly depicts the poet's feelings of surprise and preparation for returning to China. The next two sentences will take effect immediately.

"Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south, and then go north-to my own town!" . The mood here is extremely high, and four place names have been used in succession to explain the journey home. From Zizhou to Sichuan, you have to pass through Fujiang, Jialing and Yangtze rivers, so "crossing Wuxia under the dam" is used to represent this voyage. "Xiangyang goes down to Luoyang", two common place names here represent the avenue between the north and the south at that time. It starts in Jiangling on the north bank of the Yangtze River, passes through Jingmen and Xiangyang, leaves Nanyang Basin and reaches Luoyang. These four place names, two pairs before and after, all end with the same sound, which is easier to recite and the syllables are loud and beautiful. Six place names are used in the whole poem, which was highly praised by past critics, saying, "The subject and object are so rich that they are really good at (in this case, directing) many people."

Look at Mao Zedong's Long March again. These seven laws are full of revolutionary optimism and are widely read. The first two sentences, "The Red Army is not afraid of difficult expeditions, and Qianshan only has leisure", are in charge of the overall situation with thunderous momentum. Five place names-Wuling Mountain, Wumeng Mountain, Dadu River, Jinsha River and Minshan Mountain-have been used one after another, opening a picture of the Long March for us. On the way to the Long March, there were thousands of waters in Qian Shan. Why did you choose these five place names? Because they are key locations in the Long March, they contain rich historical facts and witness the revolutionary history. In the geography of China, it is also an important place name with distinctive geographical features, with magnificent weather, which is beyond the reach of ordinary mountains and rivers. All the poems containing these five place names, on the one hand, describe the local geographical characteristics, and in essence express the broad mind of revolutionary soldiers. When we recite this revolutionary poem, one place name after another makes our emotions gradually soar and sublimate, reaching the peak.

Three or four sentences in the Seven Laws are called couplets, which pay attention to the neatness of antithesis and often use some place names to pin the poet's interest. For example, Du Fu wrote "Climbing the Building" when he was in Chengdu, and his cloud said: "The silk water with bright spring scenery floats between heaven and earth, like a cloud of jade peaks, from ancient times to the present." It is realistic to climb the stairs overlooking the clear stream and mountains and point out these two place names. Jinjiang, located in the south of Chengdu, is the downstream of Zouma River, a tributary of Minjiang River. Used for brocade in ancient times, it is fresher than other water. Therefore, it is also called Fuhe locally. Lei Yu is the name of a mountain. During the Tang Dynasty, a pass was set up here to control the main road leading to Tibetan areas. Connecting the river with space and connecting the pass with time not only makes the confrontation accurate and steady, but also makes the weather vigorous and powerful, which opens the way for painting the poet's feelings below. Another example is the two sentences written by Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Song Dynasty, "Snow on the boat at night, autumn wind scattered in the iron horse", which is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. Guazhoudu and the Big Three Pass, so the poet chose two place names, which have profound meanings. The former is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River, south of Jiangdu County, Jiangsu Province, and is an important link between the north and the south. The latter is a pass in the Qinling Mountains southwest of Baoji, blocking the main road leading to Guanzhong. These two strategic locations, one water and one land, one east and one west, were the front lines of Song and Jin Dynasties. The poet expresses patriotic enthusiasm through two place names; Moreover, these two places were visited by the poet in Zhenjiang and Nanzheng Army in his early years. Looking back now, whether in the country or in oneself, why not let him feel sad and angry?

There are only four lines and 28 words in the Seven Musts, which are short in length, rich in content, numerous excellent works, full of sound and emotion, and infinite in emotion. They are regarded as the treasures of China's classical poems. In this kind of poetry with limited words, can you use place names freely? There is a very common sentence with a place name in the four-character poem. Although I don't need to mention it, two, three or even four sentences all use a place name, which is everywhere in the works of famous writers in the Tang Dynasty. There are as many as five or six consecutive place names. Now let's give a few examples:

The luxury of the Six Dynasties in Nanjing had already vanished by the time of the Tang Dynasty, and poets often expressed their ups and downs in the past and present through nostalgia or visiting the past. Wu Yixiang, a poet in Tang Dynasty, is a masterpiece of this kind of works. The poet is highly praised for writing poems in folk songs, and this poem also has the meaning of folk songs. Its first 20 days are "the weeds are in full bloom by the Suzaku Bridge and the sun is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Lane". The two small place names used here have a profound historical background. In the Six Dynasties, Zhuque Bridge was a pontoon bridge on the Qinhuai River, also known as Zhuque Pit, facing the south gate of Zhuque Gate, which was the key point of access. Wuyi Lane is located in the southeast of Zhuque Bridge, not far from Qinhuai River. It is the residence of the largest gentry Wang and Xie in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is the best artistic means to choose these two places and outline their decline scenes, so as to hint at the profound changes in the aristocratic residential areas in the previous dynasty and prepare for the transition to the next twenty years, when Lao Wang Xie Tang and Yan Qian fly into the homes of ordinary people. Poetry is easy to talk about, and these two place names are still in use, which makes us feel more local today.

Li Bai's poem "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou by Yellow Crane Tower";

The old friend said that the fireworks of the West Yellow Crane Tower will go to Yangzhou in March.

Lonely sails, distant shadows, blue sky, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky.

This poem contains 30 days of place names. The first two sentences explain the departure and destination of the guests, and the last two sentences describe other feelings, but only the last sentence points out that only the mighty Yangtze River is flowing on the horizon, which pushes the poet's frustration to a climax. It can be seen that this third place name is quite critical.

Jia Dao in the Tang Dynasty, who is famous for being a poet, wrote a poem "Du Sanggan", each sentence contains a place name, which is quite ingenious. Today's quotation is as follows.

Next:

The guest house in Bingzhou has been ten frost homes, and I remember Xianyang day and night.

I crossed the Mulberry River for no reason, but I hope that Bingzhou is my hometown.

In Tang Dynasty, Bingzhou refers to the middle reaches of Fenshui River, and Kaiyuan changed to Taiyuan. Xianyang is in Guanzhong, Shaanxi; Sanggan River is in the north of Shanxi, which is the upper reaches of Yongding River. The place names used in poems may also be general references. Binzhou refers to the place where poets live and Xianyang is used to represent their hometown. Forced by food and clothing, the poet lives abroad and often misses his hometown. He wanted to leave as soon as possible, but he was forced to go further. At this time, he felt that the original guest residence was his hometown. How to express this complicated and subtle heart? The poet used these four simple place names to tell the whole story.

In Li Bai's poems, there are many places that praise the moon. When he was about to leave Shu at the age of twenty-six, he wrote a song "Emei Mountain Moon Song" to bid farewell to his friends. The original poem is as follows:

Emei Mountain shadows into Pingqiang River in half moon and autumn.

In the evening, Qingxi went to the Three Gorges and missed Yuzhou.

Pingqiang River, now Qingyi River, originates in the eastern part of Jin Jia Mountain, flows through the northeast of Emei Mountain and joins Minjiang River in Leshan. Mount Emei and the peaceful Qiangshan Jiangdu are famous landscapes in this area. The poet's use of these two place names is not only a realistic scene, but also a galloping imagination, expressing his love at other times through the moon shadow in the river. The two place names in the third sentence indicate the place of departure and the journey. Qingxi is a translated name, belonging to the lower reaches of Minjiang River. Yuzhou in the fourth sentence is the area around Chongqing today. When Yuzhou left the Three Gorges, the farther it went, the stronger and deeper it became. Neighbor Shen Zufen commented that this poem "has reached the realm of seeing love in the scenery and blending the scene", and the scenery written in the poem is expressed by means of place names. Five place names are used continuously in the poem, but they are seamless and fluent, which is enough to show the great poet's skill in choosing words and using words. Du Fu's poems are regarded as the history of poetry because of this great poet. Pay attention to the geographical features of a place, so it is also called a map.

Xuancheng in Anhui, Baicheng in Jilin, Yancheng in Jiangsu, Liaocheng in Shandong, Hancheng in Shaanxi and Yuncheng in Shanxi

Zhao, Tong, Zhang Zizhong