Balzac Honnore/Balzac Honnore (1799.5.20-1850.08+08)
/kloc-a great French critical realism writer in the 0/9th century, the founder and outstanding representative of European critical realism literature. His human comedy is called the "encyclopedia" of French society, with ***9 1 novels and more than 2,400 characters, which fully shows the social life of France in the first half of the19th century.
Balzac 1799 was born in Tours, central France on May 20th. /kloc-moved to Paris with his parents at the age of 0/5. /kloc-entered law school at the age of 0/7. After graduation, he worked as a policeman in a law firm and notary office. At the same time, he attended a literature lecture at the University of Paris and obtained a bachelor's degree in literature. At the age of 20, he began to engage in literary creation and published many unsuccessful plays and novels under his pseudonym. In order to make a living, he successively engaged in publishing and printing during 1825- 1828, all of which failed and were heavily in debt. After exploration and tempering, Balzac embarked on the road of realistic literary creation. The novel The Last Cool Party, published in 1829, initially established its position in the literary world. 183 1 published the novel The Story of Donkey's Skin, which won him a reputation and became one of the most famous French writers. He has long had the idea of connecting his works into an organic whole. 184 1 year, inspired by Dante's divine comedy, he officially named his work Human Comedy, and declared in the preface of Human Comedy that he would become the "secretary" of social history. It is believed that social environment edifies people, so we should focus on "the material expression of people and their thoughts"; Require writers to have "insight" and "imagination"; Pay attention to the accurate description of geographical environment and graphics. 1829- 1849 Balzac wrote 9 1 works for human comedy, including novels, novellas, short stories and essays, which are divided into three parts: custom research, philosophical research and analytical research. Novels Eugenie Grandet (1833), Gao Laotou (1834), Disillusionment (1837- 1843), Farmer (/kloc-0)
Balzac is a great French writer of critical realism. During his writing career of more than 20 years, he wrote 9 1 immortal works. In these works, he created more than 2,400 different types of characters, leaving precious artistic treasures for future generations. People can't help asking, how did Balzac create so many world famous works in such a short time? Balzac has a creative schedule: working from midnight to noon the next day, that is, sitting in a chair for twelve hours, concentrating on revising manuscripts and writing. Then, read all kinds of newspapers and magazines from noon to four o'clock in the afternoon, eat at five o'clock, go to bed at half past five, and get up at midnight to continue working. A French biographer said: "Balzac's ink bottle needs to be refilled every three days, and it takes ten pens."
Balzac's Timetable inspires us that it is difficult to achieve anything in writing without perseverance and the spirit of racing against time in a limited life. (See Balzac's Timetable,No./kloc-0, No.0987, Academic Monthly of Applied Writing) His huge head is full of grief and indignation for this evil world, and his big and strong body is full of pain and joy for life. His masterpiece Human Comedy exposes all kinds of ugliness in human nature, and his unique fantasy and writing laid the foundation for the history of world literature. (Biography-Literary World-Balzac in France)
Through The Human Comedy, Balzac "provides an outstanding realistic history of French society, especially the upper class in Paris." His works are "endless elegy for the inevitable collapse of the upper class" and "he saw the inevitability of the demise of his beloved aristocrat". -Engels
[Edit this paragraph] Life
one's early years
Born on 1799.5.20.
Foster care 1803- 1807 Streets Liegai Apartment
Primary school 1807- 18 13 Vendome mission school.
Middle School1814-1815 Li Videra School
University1815-1819 Paris Law School.
youth
Preliminary literature 18 19- 1825 popular novel writing
Engaged in industry 1825- 1828 engaged in industry, heavily in debt.
The literary rookie 1828- 1835 is maturing and forming its own style.
old age
Literary veteran 1835- 1850' s creative climax
Membership of Writers Association: 1839- 1850
Balzac's father is a farmer with a changeable temperament. 1789 During the bourgeois revolution, he skillfully got a job and became a quartermaster of Tours. Finally, he set foot in banking and his family gradually became rich.
1797, Balzac, who was nearly 50 years old, married 18 years old banker's daughter. This is Balzac's mother-Saranbi.
Although Balzac is the eldest son, he seldom gets the warmth of his family. Shortly after his birth, he was sent to the suburb of Tours, raised by the wife of a gendarme and almost forgotten by his family. When he was a little older, he was sent to the church school in Vendom to study and lived a very strict confinement life. The learning system is rigid and serious, and the teachers are ruthless. After returning home, I didn't get the favor of my parents, and I had a lot of eyes and reprimands. Balzac was first afraid of his mother, then indifferent, and finally developed into hatred. He said, "I don't have a mother. She is really bad. "
Balzac decided to find his pleasure in the kingdom of books. He said, "Only reading can keep my mind alive." 18 13 Balzac left this school with burnout after the carnival and moved to Paris with his parents in 18 14. In Paris, Balzac worked hard to complete his studies with superhuman endurance and successfully entered the university to study law. As a student, I worked as a clerk in a law firm. This made him realize that Paris is a terrible cave, learned a lot of evils that the law can't cure, and saw the hypocrisy of capitalist law, which provided the best material for his future creation.
In the suburb of San Anton, an attic on the fifth floor of No.9 Wright-Gaye Street is the starting point of Balzac's dedication to literature. 1820 Cromwell's failure affected his livelihood and his parents gave him an ultimatum. In order to survive, he decided to make a contract with the "devil", made a living by selling literature, and published many "daily consumption" romantic novels. These novels are bizarre, chaotic, shoddy and mediocre, but they are all published under pseudonyms.
1825, he is whimsical again. He cooperated with a publishing house to publish classic works for profit. As a result, he owed more than ten thousand francs. In order to pay off his debts, he successively operated a printing factory and a lettering factory, and his debts were high. Heavy debts made his dream of youth eternal, but the businessman lost nothing but money. As a writer, he has obtained extremely rich creative materials.
1829 The publication of "Being a Man" in March marked the birth of a great writer. His creation has entered a brand-new period. This is his first successful work written in a realistic way. The works show the talents of great novelists in terms of structure, expression and military details, which lays a solid foundation for Balzac to move towards realism. Since then, from 1830 to 1832, as a rookie in the literary world, he has created 17 short stories in succession, showing amazing creative speed and talent. In the following years, many excellent works appeared, especially the publication of Gao Laotou, Eugenie Grandet and Disillusionment. Balzac is indisputably among the first-class writers in the history of world literature because of his careful observation of reality, profound exposure of social essence, vivid characterization and superb artistic skills.
In the past twenty years, he has published more than 90 works, each of which has been revised and collated repeatedly, and the proof has to be revised more than ten times. Only a system as powerful as his genius can do so much work. Balzac was fifty years old when he died. Because he worked late at night, he had to drink too much coffee and died of blood heat.
Life story:
& ltI > Balzac (1799 ~ 1850),19th century French great critical realism writer, founder and outstanding representative of European critical realism literature.
He experienced a turbulent period in modern French history (Napoleonic Empire, Bourbon Dynasty, July Dynasty). When I was a child, my grades were not good, and I ranked 32 nd in an exam with only 35 students. Therefore, my parents and teachers have no hope for Balzac, let alone find out that he is a genius. After graduating from Balzac University, he entered a law firm. As his parents hoped, this is an "iron rice bowl". But the young Balzac resigned to concentrate on writing despite his family's opposition. Balzac began his career as a writer in the attic of a slum. The first work, Cromwell's Tragedy, was unsuccessful, and subsequent funny novels and supernatural novels created in cooperation with others did not attract attention. So he became a publisher, set up a printing factory and a lettering factory, all of which ended in losses and debt. This huge debt haunted Balzac like a nightmare until the last moment of his life in 1850. However, he is not depressed. He arranged a small statue of Napoleon in his study and wrote the motto that inspired him all his life: "I will finish what he failed to finish with a pen."
Balzac stumbled forward in life, but he understood life in this collision, and he knew it better than others. 1829 published the novel Huang Dang, which took the first step in realistic creation. 193 1 made him famous for the story of donkey skin. In order to make himself the Napoleon of literature, he created a lot of works with amazing perseverance in the 1930s and 1940s, and wrote 9 1 novels, collectively called "human comedy".
Human comedy can be divided into three categories: custom research, philosophical research and analytical research. The original title was Social Studies. 1842 inspired by Dante's Divine Comedy, Balzac changed his name, that is, taking bourgeois society as a big stage and comparing bourgeois life to a comedy full of ugliness. Balzac wrote in the introduction: "French society will become a historian, and I am only the secretary of this historian." List bad habits and virtues, collect the main facts of passion, describe all kinds of personalities, choose the main events in society, and combine some of the same personality characteristics to form a typical example. In doing so, I may be able to write a history forgotten by historians, that is, the history of customs. " Human comedy is called "social encyclopedia", which truly reflects the social life at that time, describes the doomed demise of the aristocratic class, and exposes the greed and plunder of the bourgeoisie and all social relations based on money. Balzac pays attention to the detailed description of the environment and is good at revealing the soul of characters through their words and deeds. * * * This book has created more than 2,400 characters, and one character often appears in many novels. Among them, the famous chapters are: Double Swing, Old Man Gao, Eugenie Grandet, Loan sharks, Antiquities Gallery, Bank of Neuxingen, Disillusionment, Farmers and so on. In just 20 years, he has to write 4-5 novels every year. He spends at least 18 hours at his desk every day, and his "Saicha Pirodeau" was written in 25 hours. It took rural doctors 72 hours, but the classic "Gao Laotou" with hundreds of thousands of words was completed in three days. Balzac likes to drink strong coffee in order to stay awake when writing. He once said, "I will die of 30 thousand cups of coffee." Sure enough, he died on August 1850 due to early debts and writing difficulties, and chronic coffee poisoning became one of his causes of death.
< second > Balzac is a great French critical realism writer in the19th century, the founder and outstanding representative of European critical realism literature. He wrote 96 ministers, short stories and essays in his life, with the overall title of "Human Comedy". Among them, the representatives are Eugenie Grandet and the old man Gao. /kloc-for more than 0/00 years, his works have spread all over the world, which has had a great influence on the development of world literature and the progress of mankind. Marx and Engels praised him as an "outstanding novelist" and a "master of realism". Balzac was born into a bourgeois family and became rich after the French Revolution. After graduating from law school, he rejected the respected legal profession chosen by his family and decided to become a writer. In order to obtain the material guarantee of independent life and creation, he tried to write, dabble in business and engage in publishing and printing, but all ended in bankruptcy. All these provided him with extremely precious first-hand information to understand and describe the society. He constantly pursued and explored, and made in-depth research in philosophy, economics, history, natural science, theology and other fields, and accumulated extremely extensive knowledge. 1829, Balzac completed the novel Juan Party, which was based on real life and brought him great reputation, and laid the first cornerstone for French critical realism literature. Balzac named Juan Party and his planned novel 1450 as Human Comedy, and wrote a preface for it, expounding his realistic creation methods and basic principles. Balzac has made great achievements in art. He is unique in the structure of his novels, which are diverse and eclectic. He is good at combining centralized generalization with accurate description, reflecting the inner essence with appearances and portraying characters. He is also good at depicting the times with subtle and vivid environment. Engels praised Balzac's "Human Comedy", which described the decline of the aristocratic class and the rise and development of the bourgeoisie, and provided extremely rich vivid details and visualized historical materials in various fields of society. "Even in economic details (such as the redistribution of movable property and real estate after the revolution), I learned more than I learned from all professional historians, economic colleges and statisticians at that time." (Engels: Engels to Hackenas) Balzac set up an immortal monument in the history of world literature with his own creation.
[Edit this paragraph] Balzac's quotations
Time is the wealth of people, all wealth, just as time is the wealth of a country, because any wealth is the result of the combination of time and action. -Balzac
If you want to rise, there are two things, and that is to be an eagle or a reptile. -Balzac
Great men walked through the desert before reaching the peak of glory. -Balzac
Suffering is a stepping stone to genius, the wealth of the able and the abyss of the weak. -Balzac
Frustration and misfortune are the promotion steps of genius, the baptism water of believers, the priceless treasure of capable people and the bottomless pit of the weak. -Balzac
Honesty is the most popular. -Balzac
Honesty, like all our ethics, should be divided into two categories: negative and positive. Negative honesty is the kind of Xibu girl. She is honest when there is no chance to get rich. Positive honesty is tempted every day instead of being tempted, such as the honesty of a cashier. -Balzac
Pain also has its solemnity, which can thoroughly remould the laity. To do this, it must be true. -Balzac
Suffering is the teacher of life. -Balzac
A truly talented person is always kind, frank and straightforward, and never reserved. -Balzac
As long as one's behavior is noble, ignorance will be forgiven no matter what. -Balzac
Young people who have never made mistakes neither forgive others' mistakes, but also have lofty beliefs like others. We must have rich life experience to pay attention to Raphael's famous saying: the so-called understanding is equal to each other. -Balzac
Love is a treasure house of memory. -Balzac
Family is always the foundation of human society. The role of power and law begins here. -Balzac
Marriage produces life, love produces happiness, happiness disappears, and marriage still exists, which is more valuable than the combination of men and women. Therefore, to get a happy marriage, it is enough to have a friendship that forgives human shortcomings. -Balzac
The happiness of marriage is not entirely based on prominent status and property, but on mutual respect. The essence of this happiness is humility and simplicity. -Balzac
True love can and should be intermittent; However, the mother's happiness will not decline, but will increase with the needs of children and develop with the growth of children. It is both a passion and a need; It is both an emotion and an obligation; It is both a necessity and a kind of happiness. -Balzac
The knowledge of motherhood lies in knowing how to develop one's own advantages in obscurity and obscurity; She never shows off herself, but she is always loyal to her career, and every little thing she does shows her virtue. -Balzac
Love is a combination of an infinite emotion in our heart and a beautiful ideal that we can see and touch externally. -Balzac
Without patience, love will not succeed. -Balzac
Love is not only an emotion, but also an art. A noble heart is extremely painful for love and will always be a good show. In the spiritual field, true love can produce constant miracles. -Balzac
A life as clear as water, and an honest character, no matter what class, even the worst mind will respect it. -Balzac
In the ocean of emotion, there is no compass, so we have to drift helplessly in front of strange events. -Balzac
Complacency, conceit and credulity are the three reefs of life. -Balzac
If a talented person has no sincere friends around him, it must be because he is cold-hearted. -Balzac
An upright person should know self-esteem wherever he is. -Balzac
Time is a person's wealth, all wealth, just like time is the wealth of a country, because any wealth is the result of the combination of time and action, just like using an algebraic formula, including all kinds of activities. -Balzac
For many people, books and flowers are as important as bread. -Balzac
A beautiful woman can use artistic means to reduce makeup to a secondary position and highlight her simple beauty without the help of decorations. -Balzac
A true friend's telepathy is as sensitive as a dog's sense of smell; They can feel their friends' sadness, guess the cause of sadness, and always worry about it. -Balzac
Two great hearts, once United by affection or friendship, have been strengthened by external stimulation. -Balzac
A person who can think is really a person with infinite strength. -Balzac
Ignorance is the mother of superstition-Balzac
Knowing each other is more important than knowing each other. -Balzac
Mother is the most beautiful emotion of human beings, because this emotion is not mixed with luck. -Balzac
Regular life is the secret of health and longevity. -Balzac
Innovators should be patient. -Balzac
[Edit this paragraph] Balzac who conquered the Second World with a pen.
Text/An Wulin
Balzac once declared ambitiously: "What he (Napoleon) started with a sword, I will finish it with a pen."
Balzac created a perfect second world, and the spiritual territory he conquered was much broader than the material world that Napoleon conquered, so he was a greater hero.
Balzac was a child and never grew up until he died. This strong dependence lasted his whole life. He resented his mother and groaned angrily: I never had a mother. He didn't get love, but he pursued a lifetime of maternal love. His mother's sternness, selfishness and indifference caused him irreparable harm. The most outstanding performance and full proof comes from his understanding of women: he spent his whole life looking for a "beautiful and noble rich widow" as his wife. He doesn't like young and beautiful girls, thinking that they only know how to take and don't know how to pay. Mother is a symbol of tolerance, understanding, consideration and solving life problems for him. Mrs Debeney is one of them. When Balzac was miserable and his life was in a mess, he couldn't wait to write to his sister and friends: Introduce me to a rich widow. He needs a mother and a wife to protect him from the storm of the world.
Balzac's life is a weed, without order and organization. He only acts on passion, madness, impulse and whim. He has no virtues of moderation and frugality. This man with amazing creative talent and abundant vitality is almost a weak person in life. He is a genius in novels, but he is an imbecile in real life. His right hand can earn 2 million francs with a pen, but his left hand can squander 8 million francs. He wore luxurious clothes, rented a noble carriage, and secretly met his lover, Madame de Hansgar. When he came back, he was penniless and had to borrow 1000 gold coins from his lover as travel expenses. He was heavily in debt all his life and had to change his residence frequently to avoid creditors and the police. Until the end of his life, he didn't pay off those high debts.
Balzac is a genius, and the speed and quantity of his creation are almost unparalleled in the world literary world. He created thousands of characters, hundreds of whom can be classified as immortal. For Balzac, the night of the world is his day, and the day of ordinary people is his night. His upside-down schedule scared away several of his companions. He is a crazy tyrant. At night, like Napoleon, he created, conquered and ruled his second world ambitiously. Balzac wrote many things in his early years that made him blush all his life: on the rights of the eldest son and daughter, the physiology of marriage, the art of bow tie … It's hard to say what else he hasn't written.
When Balzac married Madame de Hansgar from Russia, his life ended in many unfulfilled dreams. No one will bother him again. Business failure, love frustration, debt ... don't bother him again. The great victor hugo said at his funeral: "People's eyes are not on the faces of rulers now, but on the faces of thinkers." Hugo's eulogy is everyone's heart dedicated to this great hero.
[Edit this paragraph] Balzac's funeral words
& lt law > Hugo
Gentlemen,
The man now buried in the grave mourned all over the country. For us, all fiction has disappeared. From now on, people will look to thinkers, not rulers. A thinker ceased to exist and shocked the whole country. Today, the people mourn the death of a genius, and the country mourns the death of a genius.
Gentlemen, the name Balzac will remain in our time and will be circulated in the brilliant achievements of future generations. Mr Balzac is one of the powerful writers after Napoleon in the19th century, just like a group of outstanding writers appeared after Li Sailiu in the17th century-just like a law appeared in the development of civilization, which led to the emergence of spiritual rulers after military rulers.
Among the greatest figures, Balzac is among the best; Balzac is one of the outstanding figures. He is brilliant and perfect, but his achievements are not detailed yet. All his works only form a book, a living, bright and profound book. We have seen the trend of our entire modern civilization here, with horror and horror that we can't explain clearly and are integrated with reality. A great book. His title is Comedy, but it is nothing more than History. There are all kinds of things here, beyond Tacitus, back to Su, across and straight to rabelais; A book that is both observation and imagination, there are many truths, kindness, triviality, triviality and vulgarity here. But sometimes the surface is suddenly torn open, and all kinds of realities are fully revealed, and people can immediately see the darkest and most tragic ideals.
Willing or unwilling, agreeing or disagreeing, the author of this huge and peculiar work unconsciously joined the powerful ranks of revolutionary writers. Balzac went straight to the goal and seized the modern society for hand-to-hand combat. He grabbed some things from all directions, including virtual images, hopes, shouts and masks. He explored his heart and analyzed his passion. He explored the abyss of man, the abyss of soul, the abyss of mind, the abyss of viscera, the abyss of mind and the abyss of everyone. Balzac, because of his free talent and strong nature, and also because of his wisdom and the wisdom of our time, saw what the end of mankind was and understood what God's will was, so he smiled, remained poised and conducted daunting research, but he was still able to do it with ease. His research is not as melancholy as Moliere, nor as cynical as Rousseau.
This is his work among us. This is the work he left us, a noble and solid work, a magnificent monument piled up by diamond strata! Since then, his fame has shone at the top of his works. Great people built a pedestal for themselves and will take on the responsibility of placing statues in the future.
His death shocked Paris. He has returned to France for several months. He felt that he was dying, and he hoped to see his motherland again, just like hugging his mother again before going out for a long trip.
His life is short, but it is also full. His works are over 100 years.
Alas! This amazing and tireless writer, philosopher, thinker, poet and genius, in the process of staying in this world with us, has experienced a life full of storms and struggles, which is the fate of all great men. Today, he rests in peace. He walked out of conflict and hatred. On the day he entered the grave, he also entered the hall of honor. From now on, he will shine on the clouds above us with the stars of the motherland.
Don't you envy him, gentlemen standing here?
Gentlemen, in the face of such a loss, no matter how sad we are, we must endure such a major blow. No matter how sad and severe the blow is, accept it first. In our time, the death of a great man has shaken those who are full of doubts and doubts about religion from time to time. This may be a good thing, and this may be necessary. God knows what he is doing when he makes people face lofty mysteries and think about death; Death is great equality and great freedom.
God knows what he is doing, because this is the highest lesson. When a noble spirit solemnly enters another world, when a person spreads his wings of genius, flies over the masses for a long time, suddenly spreads other invisible wings and disappears into an unknown land, our hearts can only be filled with seriousness and sincerity.
No, it's not an unknown place! I said it on another sad occasion, and now I will never get tired of saying it again-it is not night, but light! This is not a knot, but a beginning! This is not nothingness, but eternity! Am I not telling the truth, gentlemen? Such a grave is proof of eternal life! In the face of some celebrities who died, people feel the sacred mission of this wise man more clearly. He experienced the suffering and purification of the world. Everyone called him a gentleman and thought that anyone who was a genius before his death could not be a soul after his death!