1 Piracy and infringement can be used as a breakthrough.

When the other party proposes cloning for organ transplantation, how should you refute it?

We all know that the original is generally the best match for the overall function.

The same goes for human organs. As a healthy person, I believe no one would use a cloned human organ.

Whether rejection will occur later and whether there will be any sequelae are unknown. Today, the technology of cloning organs will not be used by the general public until it is mature. Why, first, there are technical limitations, and second, we cannot prove that cloned organs can completely and 100% meet the needs of the human body. In other words, human organs Cloning technology is not 100% safe for the human body 2 What will happen to the world if everything is cloned? Human cloning brings chaos to civil legal relations

1. Cloned humans have no guardians

After a natural person is born normally, he or she usually has his or her parents as legal guardians. When parents evade custody and support responsibilities, they are not only morally condemned, but also subject to civil liability. As clones, who are their parents is a very important question. The initial cloning technology was basically a continuation of sexual reproduction, with sperm donors and egg donors, and theoretically there were parents. But now cloning technology that provides somatic cell nuclei has emerged, and asexual reproduction is basically mature. Human cloning is basically a genetic copy of the donor of the somatic cell nucleus, but the donor of the somatic cell nucleus may be a person of the same age as the donor. Therefore, the somatic cell donor who should be the father ethically may not be able to do so in terms of age and behavioral capacity.

Essentially, no matter which technology is used, clones almost always cannot find their parents. Maybe their parents don't know them at all, and they are just a "research result" of the researcher.

There is another possibility that a cloned human may be born after being surrogately conceived by a certain mother. It is also difficult to determine whether the surrogate mother of a cloned person has an obligation to become his or her guardian. Because the child born to the surrogate mother may not have any blood relationship with her, since there is no blood relationship, the surrogate mother cannot be required to assume custody and support obligations. Since cloning technology has reached the level of parthenogenesis, cloned people cannot even enjoy the benefits of having children out of wedlock, and will be a complete orphan after birth.

Let us imagine that a person who is deficient in physical function is also deficient in social status. Isn't this cruel? Who will take care of him, who will educate him, and how can he be shaped into a person who is beneficial to society. Perhaps the lives of cloned humans are not as lucky as those of real animals. Animals and birds are born with mothers to nurture and feed them, while clones are just victims and experimental subjects from the time they come into the world. I believe that the perception of clones is the same as that of humans. They are also afraid of pain, loneliness, bleeding, and death; they need family affection, friendship, and love, but how can they get all these.

Since there is no guardian, the relationship between the surrogate and the researcher can be a commercial contract. After giving birth to a child and raising it for a certain period of time, you can hand over the "goods". How researchers use these lives at this time, they may produce the next generation or replicas for the client; but they are also completely free to dispose of these humans for their own criminal purposes or the client's criminal purposes. All of this will be made more casual by the lack of parental supervision.

2. Personality rights and honor rights of human clones

Humans are all social, and so are clones. Parents who wish to have a cloned child will no doubt also wish to have a child who is independent in society. However, due to the special background of human cloning, his health cannot be guaranteed. Due to innate problems with health and immunity, cloned humans are prone to infectious diseases and mental illness, all of which make their health infringed upon from birth, and this infringement is entirely man-made. Due to the disease, it is naturally difficult for ordinary people around to accept cloned human beings. How can a cloned human being who cannot integrate into society realize the value of a normal human being.

If the clones produced by research do not even have the happiness that ordinary people should enjoy, and cannot even reach the level of social recognition of ordinary people, what is the value of this kind of research? Doesn’t such a child make parents worry and suffer even more? How can the personality rights and honor rights of a clone that is not recognized by society be respected?

3. The right of cloned humans to marry

The "Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that people suffering from diseases that are medically considered unfit for marriage are prohibited from getting married. At the same time, blood relatives do not marry. Based on the physical characteristics of cloned humans, one is that they have health problems, and the other is that it is difficult to determine blood relatives. Therefore, the law should incorporate them into the scope of being unable to get married, which will undoubtedly push them out of the normal family. Who caused the suffering of clones? Is it the law? No, the culprits are those who created them and those who supported their creation.

Research on human cloning is a temptation for further crimes

The cloning of xenogeneic animals has long appeared, and the study of human cloning in the future is very likely to develop in the direction of studying xenogeneic people. The mad scientist was hired by the employer Gao Jin, and driven by fame and fortune, he would definitely use cloning technology for such horrific research without any thought. What if aliens appear and are used for criminal and war purposes? Who is responsible for their harm to humans? If humans kill them, who can protect them? Do they have the same legal subject qualifications as natural persons and normal clones, that is, are they animals or humans? Although this possibility is very small, according to the confidence of those who support human cloning, it is indeed very possible.

After the emergence of human cloning, the cloning of organs and human beings will lead to the rise of criminal trade in human organs. In the future, who can prove that any human organ was not obtained from a healthy person through criminal means? There is no doubt that this will lead to an increase in homicide crimes.

Condemnation and Refutation of Views Supporting Human Cloning

my country’s Ministry of Health’s statement on human cloning: Do not praise it under any circumstances, on any occasion, under any conditions , do not allow, do not support, or accept experiments on reproductive human cloning. This is undoubtedly a sober and correct position. It is astonishing that some prominent figures in academia say things that are inconsistent with their supposed rationality. Zhao Nanyuan (Professor) from the Department of Automation at Tsinghua University said: Does the Ministry of Health have the right to decide on science and technology policies? He believes that the Ministry of Health's Four No's Principle violates Article 47 of the Constitution. Chinese citizens have the freedom to engage in scientific research, literary and artistic creation, and other cultural activities. As a lawyer, I am not only worried about his legal literacy. All freedoms granted by the law must first respect the legal freedom of others. When the scientific research you conduct reaches the point where it comes at the expense of destroying other lives, is it still scientific research?

The absurdity of human cloning does not hinder anyone’s argument

Zhao pointed out that human cloning has nothing to do with natural people. Some people want their own children but cannot have them. What’s the use of cloning one? No, what reason do others have to object? Clones really aren't hurting anyone.

This Mr. Zhao’s scope of not harming anyone is obviously not complete enough. Isn’t harming the life and health of cloned people the most serious harm? When a researcher's "product" appears, based on the contractual relationship to serve the client, his "product" must have quality. If the cloned human body is suffering from a disease and the client says I don’t want it, what should the researcher do? Whether to cancel the existence of "substandard products" or to keep them for a long time. The answer is pessimistic. The drive of money society may only make researchers choose the former or use it for more terrible purposes. At the same time, many "unqualified" clones who appear during pregnancy must be killed.

I do not believe that cloning is being studied to satisfy the wishes of sterile people. Because any healthy baby, through nurture and education, will become a person who is beneficial to society. Adopted children have given their love and can satisfy their own needs, so why should they be cloned? Some people who want children who are similar to themselves dare to risk the death of their children in the future to buy a cloned child. Some people say that science will one day develop healthy human clones. I think that this research path sprinkled with blood and piled with corpses is itself a sinful path. This path has both moral and legal problems, so this kind of research will never be successful.

Qiu Renzong, chairman of the ethics committee of the China Human Genome Tissue Center, said: "If a child dies and the parents are in pain, it is absolutely fine to clone one using the child's somatic cells.

"I think every caring parent is not willing to see the cloned child die again. Instead of soothing the pain, the cloned child is more like lurking the next pain.

He Zuoxiu (Physics, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) Scientist) said: "I firmly support human cloning. There is no big problem if you clone a human being." "Mr. He is always high-spirited and angry. Since legislation usually appears after disputes and chaos arise, as an ordinary person, you can say that there is no big problem with human cloning, but as an academician, it is regrettable to speak so hastily. Does Mr. He have the right to say "there is no big problem"? This is doubtful. According to this statement, He fully agrees with his cloning. But in fact, if we analyze the logic of this sentence, Mr. Wang does not agree with cloning and cannot resort to legal remedies. The law does not give citizens the right to copy the genes of natural persons like the right to copy in copyright, that is, to allow others to copy or not to allow others to copy. The law does not impose any restrictions on the source of the gene. Protection regulations. Our country has not yet introduced laws on genes, so if someone uses Mr. He's genome to copy Mr. He 2, Mr. He can only be disappointed. On the other hand, if Mr. He is copied, then, Mr. He 2. Secondly, sir, he should be the subject who bears the exercise of rights and damages, and this subject is the same as a natural person. As for "whether there is a problem", it can only be expressed based on the true wishes of all the clones who appeared in the research process. The gentleman has no right to make the decision.

What is the true will of the cloned person? Illegal deprivation of the life of the cloned person is undoubtedly against the will of the rights holder, and it is unfair to let the cloned person come into the world with a disability. Isn't it a violation of one's will? If the clones suffered something worse than death, then wouldn't this scenario be worse than a simple murder?

Zhao said: Technical problems must be solved by developing technology. Banning technology cannot solve the problem. I want to say that technology is not the purpose of mankind. The purpose of mankind is the pursuit of peace, justice and happiness. The pursuit of pure technological progress is not necessarily the same as the purpose of mankind. It is consistent. Illegal trampling on any individual's legitimate rights to survival, health, and property is a crime, and it runs counter to the noble goals of mankind. This kind of technological progress satisfies the curiosity and fame and fortune of a few scientific lunatics. It is not conducive to the overall enjoyment and stability of mankind. What mankind should pursue from beginning to end is a moral value rather than technological progress.

Human beings are shaped by society and not invented by technology

Zhao, Qiu, and He all believe that human beings are social attributes. It is society that shapes people rather than the body. In this case, there are many healthy children with good health and good education, why not invest in their care and training. Become a person who is beneficial to society, but waste your time supporting research on another way of human reproduction. I believe that it is better to contribute your limited energy and knowledge to education than to support stupid research on reproductive cloning.

These gentlemen are all scientists and scholars with outstanding achievements in various fields. None of them are clones, but they have done useful things for society and the country. Why are there not more useful ones? Is it because of the lack of development of human cloning technology? It is society that creates humans, not technology! What value does a hundred times of heart have to the progress of the entire human race?

He said: Ethical concepts are backward and out of step with the times. Ethicists are too bad and should keep pace with the times. Fang Zhouzi, a famous Chinese doctor, said: Every time science advances, religion regresses.

However, the famous American scientist Richard Fernman said that the mere failure of the "geocentric theory" and the victory of the "heliocentric theory" cannot negate the value of religion. The conflict between religion and science on the theory of evolution does not affect the status of religious ethics and moral concepts in human hearts. [Shanghai Science and Technology Press "Fernman Lectures"]

I believe that ethics is not a concept that keeps pace with the times. If there is a cornerstone for human success, I think it is human ethics. Just like the famous saying engraved on Kant's tombstone: There is a brilliant starry sky above your head, and there are moral laws in your heart.

This is a spirit that all mankind should always admire, a common concept that transcends all kinds of barriers and will last forever.

Maybe people will think that this kind of expression is somewhat different from this article, but it is not the case. All human directions should find answers from this spirit. This is intrinsic and unchanging.