1, Venezuela
Venezuela, located in the north of South America, is a country rich in oil resources, and its oil volume has exceeded 300 billion barrels. Although the amount of oil ranks first in the world, it is still a very poor country. Because of the poor quality of oil, it is extremely difficult to exploit it. Venezuela has proven oil reserves of 304 billion barrels, surpassing the Middle East, which is regarded as "rich in mobile oil". It accounts for 17.8% of the global reserves, with a daily oil reserve of 2.38 million barrels and a daily oil consumption of 746,000 barrels. The reserves can be used for 1 1 16 years.
Why is the Middle East, which also has inexhaustible oil, "rich in oil resources", poor in crude oil quality and difficult to exploit? Although Venezuela has the largest reserves in the world, these oil resources nearly 10,000 meters underground belong to inferior high-sulfur heavy oil. This crude oil is hidden deep underground in the form of oil sands, which is not only extremely difficult to exploit, but also extremely expensive. And it must be refined and mixed before export. Compared with light oil, the quality is much worse, and it can only be sold to some economically backward areas by low-price strategy. The production efficiency and cost of Venezuelan oil are seriously affected by the difficulty of exploitation and the poor quality of petroleum products. Under the premise of abundant light crude oil in the world, oil and gas exploration enterprises are of course reluctant to exploit heavy oil. Secondly, the investment in facilities is small, and the mining and refining technology is backward. Like Saudi Arabia, Venezuela's original oil exploitation system also relies on European and American oil companies. They rent land to oil companies in Europe and America, and collect rent and dividends themselves. As a result, many oil profits were taken away by foreign companies. Therefore, Venezuela hopes to regain control of oil. Since 1970s, it has been stipulated that new oil fields can only be exploited by Venezuela's national oil company. Taxes and rents of foreign oil companies are increasing, and even 90% of profits are levied. Unprofitable foreign capital can only be withdrawn in large quantities, and Venezuela has also been sanctioned by various countries. Venezuela's oil exploitation technology stayed in the 1970s. Corresponding to the high mining cost is the low level of petroleum smelting. These low-end oil varieties have extremely low natural profits. Therefore, although the oil reserves are the largest, the oil sales revenue cannot be compared with other countries at all.
Of course, poverty in Venezuela is also closely related to US sanctions. Venezuela's oil exports have been sanctioned by the United States because it is located in Latin America but confronts the United States everywhere. Except Cuba, South American countries are afraid to trade with it. And if it is sold to other continents, the high transportation cost will not be worth the loss.
2. Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is one of the countries with the largest oil reserves in the world, ranking first in both production and storage. It has the largest onshore and offshore oil fields in the world, and its oil output has reached 266.5 billion barrels. It is a veritable oil country. "I wear a piece of cloth on my head and am the richest man in the world." Speaking of Saudi Arabia, it is estimated that everyone knows that this country far away in the Middle East is famous for its rich oil resources and all kinds of fancy news. Saudi Arabia is located in West Asia, bordering the Persian Gulf in the east and the Red Sea in the west. Saudi Arabia is a veritable "oil kingdom". The Middle East is the region with the largest oil reserves, oil production and export volume in the world. The oil in the Middle East is mainly distributed in the Persian Gulf and coastal areas, and its own consumption of oil is very small. More than 90% of the oil produced in the Middle East is transported by cruise ships from ports along the Persian Gulf to western Europe, the United States, Japan, China and other countries and regions.
At present, Saudi Arabia has proven oil reserves of 298 billion barrels, accounting for 17.85% of the global reserves. Daily oil production is 10.52 million barrels, and daily oil consumption is 2.64 million barrels. Reserves can be used for 309 years. Although Saudi Arabia's proven oil reserves are slightly lower than Venezuela's, its oil is located in traditionally exploitable oil wells, which are themselves located in vast oil fields. Saudi Arabia's oil reserves account for more than one-fifth of the global conventional oil reserves. With the increase of exploration efforts, Saudi Arabia may regain the top position. The US Geological Survey predicts that there may be more than 654.38 billion barrels of oil hidden under the Saudi desert, which needs to be discovered and exploited.
300 yuan is a veritable oil country.
3. Canada
Canada's oil production ranks third in the world, and the oil is mainly distributed in Alberta, and the oil production is between 1697. In fact, Canada's oil production is very low because its exploitation consumes a lot of manpower and financial resources, but its oil quality is very good. When we talk about oil, we think of the Middle East and know that it has a lot of oil. Many countries in the Middle East have also made a fortune from oil and embarked on the peak of their lives. No one will remember that Canada also has oil. In fact, Canada has more oil than we thought.
At present, Canada has proven oil reserves of 654.38+07 billion barrels, accounting for 9.8% of the global reserves. The daily oil production is 3.48 million barrels, and the daily oil consumption is 226.5438 million barrels. Its oil storage capacity can be used for 265.438+00 years.
However, the attention of Canadian oil is not as high as Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. On the one hand, Canadian oil is mainly distributed in Alberta. However, although Alberta is rich in oil resources, its output is far less than that of Saudi Arabia and Venezuela due to the high density of oil sands, many impurities and high mining cost. On the other hand, Canadian oil lacks vitality and liquidity. Many companies are headquartered in the United States, which is equivalent to a "colonial" oil-producing block, and their profits are squeezed to the greatest extent. In other words, the development of Canada's oil industry is very depressed. According to the data, 98% of Canada's crude oil is exported to the United States, while Canada currently has only four oil pipelines, and 5/6 of the pipeline capacity is transported to the United States. The only pipeline leading to the port destination is also shipped to the United States, and exports from destinations outside the United States only account for 0.8% of all exports. It can be seen that Canadian crude oil has never been sold at a good price, and the right to speak is firmly in the hands of the United States.
4. Iran
Iran is the fourth largest oil producer in the world. Its oil is mainly located in the eastern region with the richest oil and gas in the world. Its oil output has reached 654.38+0574 billion barrels. It has transported about 20 million tons of oil to China and is one of the richest countries in the world. Iran is located in West Asia, bordering Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan in the north, Turkey and Iraq in the west, Pakistan and Afghanistan in the east, and Kazakhstan and Russia across the sea. Iran's oil production history has exceeded 65,438+000 years. If the current mining speed is continued, the country's oil reserves can be maintained for 100 years. Iranian oil is distributed in about 150 oil and gas fields, many of which are also important sources of oil, crude oil and natural gas. At present, Iran has confirmed oil reserves of 654.38+056 billion barrels, accounting for 9% of the global reserves, with a daily output of 4.25 million barrels, which can be stored for 2002.
In 20 12, the United States and the European Union imposed an embargo on Iranian oil and restricted foreign investment in its oil and gas projects. Iran has been restricted in investment cooperation, technology input and hardware facilities, and its output has dropped sharply, reaching a minimum of 2.7 million barrels per day. Since 202 1, Iran has managed to increase its exports despite sanctions. As we all know, the negotiations between the United States and Iran are protracted. Since April 20021,the United States and Iran have held eight rounds of indirect talks in Vienna. Iran aims to resume the agreement and lift sanctions in exchange for its restrictions on the development of its nuclear program. The United States aims to curb oil prices in order to alleviate the current situation of rising domestic Qualcomm. Recently, the attitude of mutual trust between the United States and Iran has released optimism, and Britain, France, Germany, China and Russia have a positive attitude towards lifting sanctions. The United States and Iran are only one step away from reaching an agreement.
5. Iraq
Iraq is located in the southwest of Asia, and the oil industry is the spiritual pillar of the country. With its geographical conditions, it is rich in oil and natural gas resources, and its oil output is also very rich, about 654.38+0425 billion barrels, and it is also one of the top ten countries with oil reserves. Iraq is located in West Asia, bordering Turkey in the north, Iran in the east, Syria and Jordan in the west, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in the south and the Persian Gulf in the southeast, with a land area of about 437,000 square kilometers. Iraq has proven oil reserves of 654.38+045 billion barrels, accounting for 8.4% of the global reserves, with a daily output of 2.64 million barrels, which can be used for 453 years. Once upon a time, among many local tyrants in the Arab world, Iraq was the only country that was neither short of money nor short of water. It has a glorious history, unique oil resources and fertile Mesopotamia plain. Naturally, Iraq has developed rapidly since its independence. In the early 1970s, the oil-producing countries in the Arab world started the oil nationalization movement, and Iraq was no exception. The oil industry originally owned by foreign companies was nationalized. These oil-producing countries originally had only a small amount of lease fees, so their incomes soared and gradually developed into the most developed and active countries in the Middle East.
It can be said that if it weren't for the expansion of Iraq's ambition after it became rich, the Iran-Iraq war and the war of aggression against Kuwait started one after another, relying on fertile land and extremely rich oil resources, Iraqis could enjoy the same welfare treatment as Saudis, and even if they lay down and didn't work, they could still have food and clothing.
Iraq, once rich, was devastated by the protracted war. Since then, Iraq, almost floating on oil, has not only lost its former welfare benefits, but even often lacked food.
6. Kuwait
Kuwait is a region rich in oil and natural gas. Its proven oil reserves are1400 million tons, about 15 barrels, accounting for 10.8% of the world's oil reserves. The country's oil companies are also recognized as the world's top oil companies.
7. United Arab League
United Oil is also the country with the largest oil export volume at present. With its oil production, it has become a truly rich country. Its oil is mainly concentrated in Zakum Oilfield, and its oil output is13.34 billion tons. It is about 654.38+005 billion barrels.
8. Russia
Russia is not only the country with the largest land area in the world, but also a country rich in oil and natural gas resources, mainly concentrated in the Siberian steppe, followed by Volgogula. As the largest oil reserve country in the world, its proven oil amount is as high as 1078 billion barrels. Located in the northern part of Eurasia, Russia is the largest country in the world, and its oil is mainly distributed in Yakutia and Sakhalin oil and gas basins.
At present, Russia has confirmed oil reserves of 60 billion barrels, accounting for 6.2% of the global reserves. Its daily oil production is 6.5438+0.07 million barrels and its daily oil consumption is 2.2 million barrels. Its reserves can be used for 654.38+065.438+03 years.
By region, the most abundant Russian oil production area is located in Western Siberia, which is the largest producing area in China, accounting for 77% of the total regional output and 45% of the total national output. Samotler oilfield is the largest oilfield in the autonomous prefecture and the largest oilfield in Russia.
Volga-Urals is Russia's second largest oil industrial zone after Western Siberia, and the famous Urals blending oil is named after it. Romashkinskoye is a large oil field in Volga-Ural region, and the aging characteristics of oil fields are common in Volga-Ural region represented by this oil field.
Therefore, the center of exploration and development of crude oil resources is gradually moving eastward, and East Siberia may become the main source of Russian crude oil increment in the future.
In recent years, the sanctions imposed by Europe and the United States on Russia's oil and gas industry are mainly aimed at the development of offshore resources and difficult-to-exploit resources in East Siberia and the Far East. The Russian government has adopted a series of countermeasures to promote the technological progress of its oil and gas industry and gradually get rid of its dependence on European and American equipment and technology.
9. Nigeria
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the country with the largest oil reserves in Africa. This country is not only very developed in economy, but also very rich in resources. Its oil production is about 372 barrels, and it is also one of the top ten countries with the largest oil production in the world.
Oil, an energy source, marks the smooth progress of mankind from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization and post-industrial civilization. It is an important industrial raw material and is known as the blood of industry and the power propeller of economic development. Oil has provided new living conditions for human beings and changed their way of life, so it has become a hot commodity for human beings and countries all over the world.