Original text

The journey of the great road is also the journey of the great road ①

The journey of the great road is also the journey of the great road. The world is for the common good, select the virtuous and capable, keep faith and cultivate harmony. Therefore, people do not only care for their relatives, nor do they only have children for their children, so that the old will have their end, the strong will have their uses, the young will have their own growth, the widowers, widows, orphans, singles, and the disabled and sick will all be supported, the men will have their share, and the women will have their homes. If the goods are disgusted and thrown away on the ground, there is no need to hide them in oneself; if the power is disgusted and they do not come from the body, there is no need to hide them for oneself. This is why people seek to be closed but not prosperous, to steal and commit robberies but not to commit robberies, and why people outside are not closed to the outside world. This is called Datong.

Notes

1. Selected from "Book of Rites·Liyun". "Book of Rites", one of the Confucian classics, was compiled and compiled by Dai Sheng of the Western Han Dynasty on various etiquette treatises before the Qin and Han Dynasties, with 49 chapters. "Li Yun", the title of the "Book of Rites", is probably a work written by Confucian scholars in the name of Confucius in the late Warring States period or during the Qin and Han Dynasties to answer questions. Daodao refers to the highest ideal in ancient politics. Action: Execution.

2. Dao: In ancient times, it referred to the highest political ideal.

3. For: Yes, indicating judgment.

4. [Selecting talents and (jǔ) able] Selecting people with high moral character and capable people. With, "lift", recommendation, election.

5. [Truthfulness and Harmony (mù)] Pay attention to integrity and cultivate harmony (atmosphere). Xiu: Cultivate.

6. [Parent] is a verb used as a verb, to take... as a relative or to raise someone. The first "子" in "子与子" below is also a verb.

7. Zi: Take... as your son

8. [Guān, widowed, lonely, alone, disabled person] Jin, old and A man without a wife. Jin means "widow". Widow, an old and husbandless person. Lonely, a child without a father. Alone, an old and childless person. Disabled, disabled.

9. [Men have points (fèn)] Men have positions. Points, positions, refer to occupations and duties.

10. [女有归] means that women have a destination. Return refers to a woman getting married.

11. [Goods are evil (wù) they are thrown on the ground, there is no need to hide them in oneself] It means that people hate the behavior of throwing money on the ground, but they do not necessarily have to hide it themselves. . Evil (wù), hate. Hidden: privately kept. Yu: Yes. Goods evil: object in front.

12. [Efforts to hate do not come from oneself, and do not have to be for oneself] It means that people hate the behavior of not contributing to public labor, but they do not necessarily seek personal gain for themselves. Li evil: object in front.

13. Therefore: That is, "therefore", which can be translated as "therefore", "so" and "this way".

14. [Conspiracy will not succeed] Evil plots will not happen. Close, put an end to it. Xing, happens.

15. Du: alone.

16. Kiss one’s own relatives: The first kiss is the conative usage of the noun, with... as a relative; the second kiss is parents.

17. Support: provide support.

18. Yes: This.

19. Ending: Ending old, ending one’s life. .

20. [Theft, rebellion, and harm will not occur]. Chaos refers to rebellion. Thief means harming others. Make, rise.

21. Therefore: Therefore.

22. [Outdoor] generally refers to the door.

23. And [it is because of conspiracy but not prosperity]: conjunction, table juxtaposition.

24. [Close] Use the latch to insert the door.

25. Predicate: called.

26. [Datong] refers to an ideal society. Tong means peace.

Note:

1. "Dao" and "Datong" both belong to special concepts: "Dao", the highest ideal in politics, refers to the principle or truth that is universally applicable. , can have various interpretations; "Datong" refers to the Confucian ideal society or the highest stage of human society, and can also have various interpretations. This type of words cannot be translated and cannot be translated well.

2. Some words often have special meanings in certain contexts. For example, "return" refers to a woman getting married, but in the sentence "men have their share, women have their return", there is "timely marriage". "means"; "qin" has the meaning of closeness, but "qin qiqi" and "zi qizi" are antithetical words. The former "qin" has the meaning of "support", and the latter "qin" refers specifically to parents. .

3. All sentences in the text that can be translated literally are translated literally, but free translation is also used in some places.

Translation

When the Great Dao is implemented, the world is owned by people. Select people with high moral character and capable people. (Everyone) pays attention to integrity. Cultivate harmony. Therefore, people not only support their relatives, not only raise their children, so that the elderly can enjoy their old age, the mature people can contribute to society, the children can grow up healthily, and the old and wifeless people, the old and Husbandless people, young people without fathers, old people without children, and disabled people all have people to support them. Men have a job and women have a destination. Regarding wealth, people hate throwing it on the ground, but they do not necessarily want to keep it to themselves; people are willing to do their best for public affairs, but not necessarily for their own private gain. Therefore, treacherous plots will not happen, theft, rebellion, and harmful things will not happen, and (every household) does not need to close its doors. This is called an ideal society.

Related Questions and Answers

1. What do the "Dao" and "Datong" mentioned in the text refer to, and how should we understand and recognize them?

Answer: The "dao" in the article refers to the highest standard for governing society, and the effect of its governance is the ideal state of peace and prosperity for the country and the people.

"Datong" can be understood as the Confucian ideal society or the highest stage of human society.

"Da Dao" and "Da Tong" were both ideal realms in people's minds at that time. The two words contained obvious ideal colors and expressed people's longing for a better future life.

2.． From what three aspects does this article explain the basic characteristics of the "Datong" society? Answer: ① Everyone can receive care from the whole society; ② Everyone can live and work in peace and contentment; ③ Everyone cherishes the fruits of labor without any selfishness.

3. How to understand Confucius’ thoughts on the "Great Harmony" society?

Answer: "Datong" society is the social form before Xia Dynasty. In the past, there was a saying that "Confucius regarded the age of the Five Emperors as Datong". It can be seen that the "Datong" society is an ideal social model conceived and refined based on the legend of "The Age of Five Emperors". Confucius' original intention was to establish a reasonable society to eliminate the darkness in the real society. Phenomenon and irrationality. Therefore, Confucius' ideal society of "Datong" originated from the "era of the five emperors" and was at the same time higher than the "era of the five emperors".

4. "The old man does not only care for his relatives, nor does he only give birth to his children, so that the old will have their end, the strong will be useful, the young will have their own growth, and those who are lonely, widowed, lonely, alone, and disabled will have their own destiny. "The man has his share, the woman has his home." Which famous saying in "Mencius" has the same meaning but the same purpose?

Answer: "Old people are like old people and people are old; young people are like young people and people are young."

5. What kind of thoughts and feelings does the article express?

< p>Answer: The article expresses the author’s eagerness to have a peaceful and prosperous age.

6. Write a sentence that shows that everyone can care for others, that everyone can receive care from others, and that everyone can live and work in peace and contentment?

③ Therefore (16) people are not alone (17), ④ their relatives (18), not only their children, their sons, ⒂ so that the old will have their end, the strong will be useful, the young will have their own advantages, and they will be modest, widowed, Those who are orphaned, alone, and disabled will all be supported (19), men will have their share, and women will have their own home (6).

7. Which sentence in "The Journey of the Great Road" has the same meaning as "Don't pick up things on the road, don't close your house at night"?

It is because people seek to be closed but not prosperous, because they do not commit theft and chaos, because they are outside but not closed, this is called Datong