Introduction to volleyball

Volleyball, one of the ball sports, originated in the United States. It was invented on February 9, 1895 by William Morgan, secretary of the Youth Association of Holyoke, Massachusetts. The following is what I have compiled for you. This is an introduction to volleyball, I hope it will be helpful to everyone!

Volleyball (volleyball) originated in the United States. In 1895, a sports staff named William Morgan invented it in Holyoke City, Massachusetts (formerly known as Massachusetts). At that time, tennis and basketball were very popular. Mr. Morgan believed that basketball was too intense and the amount of tennis was too small. He wanted to find an indoor entertainment project that was moderate in amount of exercise and full of fun and could be participated by men, women, old and young. He wanted to use tennis, which was already widely popular at that time. Move indoors and hit with your hands on the basketball court. At the beginning of this game, he hung a tennis net on the basketball court and used a basketball to separate the net and play the game like tennis. However, the indoor basketball court was small and the tennis ball could easily go out of bounds, so he made some improvements: First, he changed the rule that the tennis ball was allowed to hit the ground before hitting back to the ground. Second, it expanded the size of the tennis ball. Third, the basketball was too big. , too heavy and unable to play the game as expected, so I tried a basketball bladder instead. The basketball is too light and floats erratically in the air. It is inconvenient to play and difficult to control. But because the trial effect was very good, we decided to use this kind of ball.

Although the current international standard ball has gone through hundreds of years and undergone thousands of improvements, the specifications of the ball are almost the same as those of the first generation.

Rule Development The first volleyball rules were published by American Mr. J.Y. Cameron through Spaulding Sports Publishing House. At that time, it stipulated the adoption of a "rotation system" and "15 points per game." In 1918, it also stipulated that the number of players on the field should be six. Since then, 6-man volleyball has become popular in Europe and the United States.

Springfield College is the birthplace of volleyball, and the Youth Association of the college was the first organization to spread the sport of volleyball. ____Young Association officers, missionaries, Springfield College graduates, and the U.S. military participating in World War I all became the early spreaders of volleyball. Volleyball was first introduced to Canada in 1900. In the same year, it was introduced to India in Asia.

In 1919--1918, during World War I, volleyball was brought to Europe through the U.S. Army. It is impossible to verify when, where and by whom volleyball was introduced to China. However, the existing historical data proves that volleyball activities have been carried out in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and other places in southern China as early as 1905. In the early days when volleyball was introduced into our country, in addition to being developed and spread by some church schools, the ____ Youth Association also played a considerable role in promoting and spreading this project.

Therefore, the 16-a-side system was adopted at the first Far Eastern Games in 1913. It evolved into a 12-a-side system at the Fourth Far Eastern Games in 1919, and a 9-a-side system at the Eighth Far Eastern Games in 1927. In July 1950, at the National Sports Workers Summer Study Conference held by the All-China Sports Federation, The rules and competition methods of 6-a-side volleyball were introduced for the first time, and the 6-a-side system was officially adopted in 1951. Since then, 6-a-side volleyball has gradually developed across the country.

The sport has a wide range of mass characteristics

The volleyball court equipment is simple and the rules of the game are easy to master. It can be played and trained on the court or in general open space. The amount of exercise can be large or small. It is suitable for people of different ages, genders, physiques and training levels.

Technical Comprehensiveness

The rules stipulate that each player must rotate positions, not only to the front row to spik and block, but also to the back row to defend and respond. Each player is required to fully master various techniques and be able to compete in various positions.

A high degree of skill

The rules stipulate that the ball cannot fall to the ground during the game, and no holding or comboing of the ball is allowed. The short hitting time and the changeable hitting space determine the high skill of volleyball.

Intense confrontation

In volleyball matches, the transition between offense and defense is always carried out in intense confrontation. In high-level competitions, the focus of confrontation is on the blocking on the net. In a game, it often takes six or seven rounds to win a point. The higher the level of competition, the more intense the competition.

The duality of technology

Volleyball is an event in which a variety of technologies can score points and lose points. This situation is even more prominent in the deciding game, so every technology can be used to score points or lose points. It has the dual nature of offense and defense. Therefore, the technology is required to be both offensive and accurate.

Strict collectivity

Volleyball is a collective event. Except for serving, it is all conducted in collective cooperation.

Without strict collective cooperation, no matter how good individual skills are, it will be difficult to display them, let alone play a tactical role. The higher the level of the team, the tighter the collective cooperation.

History of the development of volleyball

The symbol of volleyball, this is the cushioning posture of volleyball. Volleyball (Volleyball) originated in the United States. It was invented by a sports staff member named William G. Morgan in Holyoke, Massachusetts (formerly known as Massachusetts) in 1895. Tennis and basketball were very popular at that time. Mr. Morgan believed that basketball was too intense and the amount of tennis was too small. He wanted to find an indoor entertainment project that was moderate in amount of exercise, interesting and suitable for men, women, old and young. He wanted to move the already popular tennis to Go indoors and hit with your hands on the basketball court.

When this game started, he hung a tennis net on the basketball court and used a basketball to separate the net and play the game like tennis. However, the indoor basketball court is small and the volleyball can easily go out of bounds, so he made some improvements: First, the tennis rule that allows the ball to hit the ground before hitting back is changed to one that does not allow the ball to hit the ground. Second, the shape of the volleyball is changed, its circumference is changed to 25-27 inches, and the weight is 225-340 grams. Third, the basketball was too big and heavy and could not be played as expected, so I tried a basketball bladder instead. The basketball is too light and floats erratically in the air. It is inconvenient to play and difficult to control. But because the trial effect was very good, we decided to use this kind of ball. Although the international standard ball has gone through hundreds of years and undergone thousands of improvements, the specifications of the ball are almost the same as those of the first generation.

The first volleyball rules were published by American Mr. Morgan (William G. Morgan) through Spaulding Sports Publishing House. At that time, it stipulated the adoption of a "rotation system" and "15 points per game." In 1918, it also stipulated that the number of players on the field should be six. Since then, 6-man volleyball has become popular in Europe and the United States.

Springfield Junior College is the birthplace of volleyball. The Youth Association of the college was the first organization to spread the sport of volleyball and was also the first to hold the first volleyball exhibition match. ____Young Association officers, missionaries, graduates of Springfield College, and the U.S. Army participating in World War I all became the early spreaders of volleyball. Volleyball was first introduced to Canada in 1900. In the same year, it was introduced to India in Asia. From 1914 to 1918, during World War I, volleyball was brought to Europe through the U.S. Army. It is impossible to verify when, where and by whom volleyball was introduced to China. However, the existing historical data proves that volleyball activities have been carried out in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and other places in southern China as early as 1905. In the early days when volleyball was introduced to China, in addition to being carried out and spread by some churches and schools, the Christian Church also played a considerable role in promoting and spreading this project.

Volleyball was introduced to Asia in 1900. In the early stages of development, the number of players on the field was not 6 but 16. According to the Filipino volleyball introducer and American Mr. F.S. Brown: "At that time, there were gymnasiums in the United States, which were more suitable for 6-a-side volleyball. There were many Asians, and most of them were played outdoors. It was important to consider that most people could participate in volleyball." Therefore, Mr. F?S Brown and Mr. F?H Brown introduced 16-a-side volleyball to the Philippines and Japan. Therefore, the 16-a-side system was adopted at the first Far Eastern Games in 1913. It evolved into a 12-a-side system at the Fourth Far Eastern Games in 1919, and a 9-a-side system at the Eighth Far Eastern Games in 1927. In July 1950, at the National Sports Workers Summer Study Conference held by the All-China Sports Federation, The rules and competition methods of 6-a-side volleyball were introduced for the first time, and the 6-a-side system was officially adopted in 1951. Since then, 6-a-side volleyball has gradually developed across the country.

Since the first World Men's Volleyball Championship was held in 1949, international volleyball has developed greatly. Especially after volleyball was included as an official competition event in the 1964 Olympic Games, countries generally paid attention to it, and its technical and tactical development has entered a new stage. In the 1950s, the Soviet Union and some Eastern European countries had been in the leading position in volleyball performance. In the 1960s, the Japanese women's volleyball team won the world championship. In the 1970s, Asian teams such as Japan, China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and South Korea were famous for their fast and changeable playing styles; the Cuban team in Latin America was known for its jumping, and the American women's volleyball team was making rapid progress. , also attracted people's attention. At the beginning of 1980, the world women's volleyball team presented a situation of confrontation between the top five China, Japan, the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States. Judging from the situation of the men's volleyball team, the tall and powerful Soviet team is still in the lead. Teams from Bulgaria, Romania, Cuba, China, Poland, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Italy and South Korea are also competing to comprehensively improve their skills. In today's volleyball world, teams from Brazil, China, the United States, the Netherlands, Cuba, Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany, and Poland are competing against each other. Teams from Thailand, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico are also making rapid progress.

Characteristics of volleyball tactics developed through development

The characteristics and development trends of volleyball technology and tactics in the contemporary world are:

Comprehensive technical expertise

Although there are currently no new technologies in serving, teams are competing to adopt long-distance floating balls, "lob balls" and some new serving methods and strategies in an effort to destroy the opponent's cushion ball and thereby destroy it. The composition of fast break tactics.

In terms of first pass, due to the increase in training time and proportion, as well as the improvement of cushioning technology, the error rate has been greatly reduced, and the arrival rate has increased significantly. In the future, various forms of serving must be adapted to create conditions for forming fast breaks. In terms of spiking, firstly, it breaks the restriction of taking off with a certain footwork and a certain direction, and uses various changes of steps and directions to adapt to various on-the-spot situations; secondly, it breaks the restriction of special division of labor and requires It has both fast-ball spiking and strong attack skills; the third is to break the restriction of positioning spiking, requiring the attack to be realized during active running; the fourth is to break the restriction of 3-point offense and develop into a live-point offense in the front row and a back-row attack. deep attack.

In terms of blocking, when dealing with strong attacks, use the technique of fully extending your shoulders and arms after a high jump with a running-up swing arm, and when dealing with fast breaks, use the continuous jump technique; when dealing with position-changing attacks, not only use In man-to-man and man-to-area blocks, new overlapping blocks are sometimes used; when dealing with individual tactical spikes, emphasis is placed on improving the independent combat capability of single-blockers, and sometimes the hand shift in the air is used to block line-changing spikes. Use your hands to block the ball backwards, trying to block the ball and organize a quick counterattack. In terms of back-row defense, emphasis is placed on mastering a variety of defensive techniques and constantly developing new technologies, such as the development of shoulder rolls into horizontal rolls and various ball-blocking techniques.

High fighting and quick changes promote each other

Over the years, the tactical style of world volleyball has formed an Asian style with fast and fast changes as the main body, and a European style with high playing and strong attack as the main body. There are two main different styles. With the strengthening of international exchanges and the development of technology and tactics, the two styles continue to learn from each other's strengths and complement each other, gradually narrowing the differences between them, and tend to blend with each other and be used in combination. Some teams also learn new playing methods and form their own unique style based on their own specific conditions and on the basis of inheriting and carrying forward their original strengths. Asian teams strive to improve their ability to attack and break through while continuing to develop a fast-changing style of play.

While European-style teams are constantly improving their power attack level, they are also actively absorbing fast-break play styles. Judging from the development trend of volleyball technology, it is difficult to defeat powerful opponents simply by relying on height and strength, or simply by relying on speed and skills. China's top teams all start from their own conditions, draw on the strengths of other countries, insist on combining height and speed, strong attack and quick changes, and develop their own unique playing styles.

Height and bounce continue to increase, and blocking conflicts become more prominent. With the modification of rules and the development of technology, the height factor has become an important condition that the world's top teams must possess. The height factor manifests itself in two aspects: First, height and long hands. Judging from the 1980 Olympic Games volleyball match, the average height of the world's top teams, the women's volleyball team, is around 1.77 meters, and generally has 4 to 5 players over 1.80 meters tall; the average height of the men's volleyball team is over 1.92 meters. Each team has 7 to 9 tall players who are over 1.94 meters tall. Some shorter teams are also trying their best to find tall players for training. The second is the jumping height. Each team attaches great importance to the training and improvement of special jumping ability. As the world's outstanding volleyball players, the women's volleyball team's reach height is generally above 3.05 meters, and the tallest ones can reach about 3.30 meters. The men's volleyball team's reach height is generally above 3.50 meters, and the tall ones can reach 3.76 meters.

The increased height and enhanced offensive capabilities of the players have intensified the confrontation of online interceptions. The success or failure of a modern volleyball game depends to a large extent on the ability to compete online based on comprehensive skills. Smashing and blocking are the most important means of scoring in the game. Without a strong offensive and strict blocking and defense, the back row defense alone cannot withstand the attack and win the ball.