1. Find the source of the famous sentence. If you know your mistakes and can correct them, there is no greater good.

Original text: Who has no faults? If you can correct your mistakes, there is no great improvement. From "Zuo Zhuan·Xuan Gong Second Year". To the effect, who can avoid making mistakes? There is nothing better than being able to correct mistakes after making them. This sentence in "Zuo Zhuan" comes from a historical story. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Linggong was unethical and killed innocent people indiscriminately. His subordinate Shi Ji remonstrated with him. Duke Ling of Jin immediately said: "I know it, and I must change it." Shi Ji happily said to him: "Who has never made a mistake? If you can correct your mistakes, there is no greater good." Unfortunately, Duke Ling of Jin did not keep his words and was cruel. Still, he was assassinated by his ministers in the end. In history, there are indeed monarchs who can change their ways and achieve great things. When King Chuzhuang first came to the throne, he drank and had fun in the palace day and night, ignoring the government affairs. Later, his ministers used the phrase "three years of silence, and a blockbuster". The story of the mythical bird inspired him, and he died to persuade him, which finally made him determined to correct his mistakes, handle the government affairs seriously, and aspire to become strong. The Chu country finally became strong, and King Zhuang of Chu also ranked among the "Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period". Translation: Everyone may make mistakes, and it is best to correct them as long as they are corrected! wáng yáng bǔ láo [Explanation] It is not too late to repair the sheepfold after the sheep have escaped. It is a metaphor for finding ways to remedy the problem after it has happened. , can prevent further losses. [Source] Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty, "Warring States Policy and Chu Policy IV": "It's not too late to look after the dog when you see the rabbit; it's not too late to repair the dead sheep." Know your shame and then be brave. It comes from "knowing shame and then being brave", which comes from "The Doctrine of the Mean". In other words, "knowing shame and then being brave" is not the original saying in the ancient book, is it? Wrong, but since he has made up his mind to change his ways and be a good person, this is the most important thing / cliff rein Pinyin: xuán yá lè mǎ Allusion: cliff: a high and steep cliff; rein: take the reins and stop the horse. Reining the horse on the edge of a high cliff is a metaphor for waking up and turning back in time when you are on the edge of danger. Source: Qing Dynasty Ji Yun's "Notes on Yuewei Thatched Cottage": "This scholar reined in the horse at the cliff, which can be said to be a great wisdom." Example: You have made a big mistake. I have already failed the ancestors of heaven and earth, hurry up~ (Hua Ershi's "Han Yi Guan" 3) 2. What are the poems about "shortcomings"

1. No one can have faults unless he is a sage. . There is no greater benefit than to change things.

2. The more regretful and frivolous the mistakes, the more enlightened and enlightened you will be. After realizing your shame, you will be brave enough to change the past and set your sights on the new.

3 . If you realize your mistakes, you will have to correct your mistakes. If you repent and make a new start, you will be able to apologize deeply and stay with you as always.

4. A wise person cannot stumble by the same stone twice. Just correct it, and hide it if you are confused.

5. No one is perfect, and no one is perfect.

6. No one can make mistakes.

7. There are no straight trees in the mountains, and there are no straight people in the world.

8. From the side, there are ridges and peaks, with different heights from far to near.

If you don’t know the true face of Mount Lu, you can only see it. The origin is in this mountain. 3. The story of a poet in the Tang Dynasty who changed his Chinese characters. There was a poet in the Tang Dynasty who wrote poems that were as clear as words, which children and adults could understand. Bai Juyi The poet Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty strived to be popular in his poems. Easy to understand, clear and clear. It is said that every time he wrote a poem, he would read it to the old woman at home. The old woman would copy it if she could understand it, and rewrite what she didn't understand. Once, he wrote a poem "The New Silk Coat is Made, and I was so moved." "You Yong", read a few of the lines to the old servant: The people are so cold that there is no way to save them, so what's the point of being alone in the warmth! In my heart, I feel the pain of missing the farmers and mulberry trees, and my ears feel like I hear the sound of hunger and cold. How can I have a fur coat that is ten thousand feet long? Cover Luoyang City with Jundu! After hearing what the old man said, I understand what you said. It's just the word "An" in "An De Daqiu is ten thousand feet long". I thought it would be better to change it. Bai Juyi asked the old man what was the truth in it, and the old man said again, you In the past, I wrote a sentence like this: Daozhou people, old and young, He Xinxin! From then on, father, brother, and children protected each other, and from then on they became good men. The people of Daozhou, who have received his blessings to this day, want to say that they made you cry first, but they are still afraid that their children and grandchildren will forget you. The old man went on to say, Yuan Jie, the governor of Daozhou, is If a good official who is unforgettable by the people builds houses for everyone and educates officials not to oppress the people, won't Daozhou have a long fur? Bai Juyi thought that the old servant's words were reasonable, so he changed the word "an" to the word "zheng". It means that the official should "fight for the great victory" with the idea of ??"benefiting the people". 4. Use the old poem "Guan Yu" to change it into a short story

"Guan Yu" is Wang Wei's early poem describing the general's hunting scene. The whole poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences are the first part, describing the process of hunting.

The first couplet "The wind is strong and the horns are bowing, and the general is hunting Weicheng", using an inverted sentence structure, cleverly clarifying the identity of the hunter - the general, the hunting location - the suburbs of Weicheng, and the weather conditions - The strong wind blows and the way of hunting - shooting with horned bows and sharp arrows. The sentence "The wind is strong and the horn bow is singing" is quite abrupt, and the poem "takes the lead", allowing readers to follow the sharp sound of the horn bow string in the strong wind to look for the heroic image of the person pulling the bow, creating a sense of force for the reader. The suspense that arouses but does not arise. Here, the word "jin" exaggerates the force of the wind and the force of the bow; the word "ming" reflects the strength of the wind and the power of the bow.

The five words in the sentence that are very "emotional" successfully create a typical atmosphere for the general's appearance, and later describe the general's heroic posture, agility of movement and joyful mood. The "setting poem"-like foreshadowing shows the general's spirit and temperament as a persevering and strong man who "holds his bow to hold back the strong", who dares to gallop proudly, and who dares to fight tenaciously against difficulties. The images in Wang Wei's poems often have the form and movement of paintings, and absorb the essence of music. Therefore, they can combine the comprehensive charm of poetry, painting and music, which is particularly profound and touching.

The chin couplet "The grass is dry and the hawk's eyes are sick, and the snow is gone and the horse's hooves are light", which mainly describes the scene during hunting. Here, "withered grass" and "finished snow" convey to us the seasonal information of late winter and early spring while painting the scene; "sick eagle eyes" and "light horse hooves" describe the movements of war horses and falcons during hunting on the front, The general's expression is not directly depicted, but "fast" and "quick" are the general's inner feelings, thus accurately rendering the general's dexterity and agility and high fighting spirit from the side as he rides an eagle and a horse to chase his prey.

The last four sentences: "Suddenly passed Xinfeng City and returned to Xiliu Camp. Looking back at the Eagle Shooting Place, the clouds were flat at dusk for thousands of miles." This is a scene about the general returning to camp after hunting in the evening. The symmetrical appearance of "passing over" and "returning" not only portrays the image of the general's superb riding skills, magical hunting skills, and energetic image after a day of hunting, but also shows the general's happy and light mood when he returns home with a full load. Xiliu Camp: In today's Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province, it is said to be the place where the famous general Zhou Yafu stationed his troops during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty. Shooting vultures: "History of the North" records: "Hu Luguang was hunting at Huanqiao School when he saw a big bird in the clouds. He shot it and hit it in the neck. It was shaped like a wheel and spun down. It was a vulture. Xingzi sighed and said: 'This is the hand who shoots the vulture. '" Here, the poet uses the two allusions of "Xiliu Camp" and "Shooting the Condor", which not only praises the talents of the generals Zhou Yafu and Hu Luguang, but also hints at this time. The results of the hunting activities were brilliant. When entering the military camp, the general's "look back" was even more charming. On the one hand, it shows the general's unfinished excitement and his desire to return someday. On the other hand, it also gives the end of the poem an implicit beauty that lingers in the air. Evocative. This poem is very good at using artistic means such as preemption, side contrast, and allusions to depict characters, so that the image of the poem is vivid and vivid, and the artistic conception is grand and implicit.

Looking at the whole poem, half of it is about hunting, and half is about returning from hunting. It starts abruptly and ends happily. The two couplets in the middle flow together, and they can be transferred freely. They have an momentum that cannot be restrained by rhythm, and they can The beginning and end of the circle are reflected, and the body is integrated with the five laws. This is the beauty of the composition. The names of three places are hidden in the poem so that people are not aware of it, the allusions are blurred and there is no trace, and the description of the scenery can convey emotions. Three or four sentences are both very physical and expressive. This is the wonderful syntax. "Withered", "finished", "disease", "light", "suddenly passed", "returned", the wording and wording are accurately tempered, and Xian can take care of them. This is the beauty of calligraphy. All these techniques are wonderfully able to express the vivid mood and heroic feelings of the people in the poem. Therefore, this poem is fully worthy of being praised as a masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty. Although this poem is about daily hunting activities, it vividly depicts the general's bravery and appeal. The thoughts and feelings Wang Wei wants to express in this poem are his desire to serve on the battlefield and his desire to make achievements.

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One day in winter, the weather was fine, and the general led a few followers, galloping on horseback and carrying arrows, hunting in the suburbs of Weicheng. The horses are roaring, the hoof beats are fierce, and the hunters are attentive, ready to target the prey at any time. The moment the arrow from the horn bow was shot, the sound of strings and the strong wind roared by! The yellow and low weeds cannot hide the sharp and agile eyes of the falcon, and the remaining snow has gradually melted under the sunlight. Following the falcon, the general's horse galloped freely, and the rapid hooves of the horse were more like the wind chasing the leaves. In the blink of an eye, the hunters passed through Xinfeng City, and by the time the horses came to rest, they had arrived at Xiliu Camp.

When they stepped into the military camp, the group was so excited that they couldn't help but look back at the place where the big eagle was shot down. On the vast expanse of land, dusk clouds are gradually covering the wilderness, and the lively pastures now seem silent. 5. Moral quotes, poems and simple stories

In a country of people, there must be a driving force, which is virtue.

—— Montesquieu People cannot live like animals. They should pursue knowledge and virtue. ——Dante Don't do evil because it's small, don't do good because it's small.

Only virtuous and virtuous, able to obey others. ——Liu Bei is not ashamed of his lack of respect for his position, but of his lack of respect for his virtues; he is not ashamed of his lack of companionship, but of his lack of wisdom.

——Zhang Heng The earth can support the city wall, and the accumulation of virtue can make the solid ground. ——Li Bai: If you do a good deed, you will feel at ease; if you do a bad deed, you will feel ashamed.

——The most precious revolutionary quality is that Shenhan's light can penetrate into the mud without being stained and is not corroded by the sugar-coated bullets of the bourgeoisie. ——Zhou Enlai The most sad thing for a person is the death of his conscience.

—— Guo Moruo Shyness is the emotion of fear or fear of humiliation, which can prevent people from committing certain despicable behaviors. —— Spinoza One should be zealously committed to acting morally rather than talking about morality.

—— Democritus Emotion has great inspiring power, therefore, it is an important prerequisite for all moral behavior.

——Kelov Without great character, there would be no great people, not even great artists or great actors.

—— Romain Rolland Reason is higher than the heart, and thoughts are more reliable than emotions. ——Gorky Communism is not only manifested in the fields and sweaty factories, it is also manifested in families, around the dinner table, among relatives, and in mutual relationships.

—— Mayakovsky The reason why virtuous people are virtuous is that they are not tempted enough; this is either because their lives are monotonous and rigid, or because they are single-mindedly pursuing a goal. No time to look around. ——Duncan Human beings are given a job, which is spiritual growth.

—— Leo Tolstoy People should be wise in wisdom, morally innocent, and physically clean. ——Chekhov Conscience is determined by a person’s knowledge and entire lifestyle.

—— Marx A law-abiding and conscientious person will not steal even if there is an urgent need. However, even if he gives a million gold dollars to a thief, there is no way to expect him to stop stealing from now on. . —— Krylov’s spiritual moral power exerts its potential and raises its flag, so that our patriotic enthusiasm and sense of justice have to exert their power and role in reality.

—— Hegel teaches "virtue" to your children: it is virtue, not money, that makes people happy. This is my experience.

What supported me in adversity was morality. What kept me from committing suicide was not only art but also morality. ——Beethoven If morals deteriorate, taste will inevitably deteriorate.

—— Diderot I would like to prove that anyone who behaves kindly and noblely will be able to withstand hardships. ——Beethoven Ornament is equally incompatible with virtue, for virtue is the strength and vitality of the soul.

—— Rousseau I am convinced that only a moral citizen can pay an acceptable salute to his motherland. ——Rousseau Let us make dishonor the most severe part of the punishment! ——Montesquieu Sound judgment on factual issues is the true foundation of all virtues.

——Comenius’ virtue is realized by actions, not by words. — Comenius The only work and the whole work of education may be summed up in this concept—morality.

——Herbart Virtue is like a famous incense. The fragrance becomes stronger after being burned or pressed. Good luck can best reveal bad virtues, while misfortune can best reveal virtues. ——Bacon Those who conspire to frame others will be the first to suffer misfortune.

—— Aesop A wise man would rather prevent a disease before it occurs than cure it after it has already occurred; he would rather encourage people to overcome pain than seek comfort for the sake of pain. ——Thomas More Our powerful morality is to achieve material success through struggle; this morality applies to nations as well as individuals.

—— Russell cultivated in them the physical strength to endure hard work, the pure and noble morals, and the spirit of broad freedom that can accommodate new trends, that is, the power to swim in the new trends of the world without being overwhelmed. ——Lu Xun Only at a stage of social development where class antagonism is not only eliminated but also forgotten in actual life, can truly human morality become possible that transcends class antagonism and the memory of this opposition.

——Engels We have proletarian morality, we should develop it, consolidate it, and educate the future generation with this proletarian morality. - Kalinin's current task is to excavate ore, refine pig iron, and cast pure steel for a Marxist worldview and a superstructure consistent with this worldview, even under the most difficult conditions.

——Lenin: Self-consciousness is the mother of progress, and self-abasement is the source of degradation. Therefore, self-consciousness is indispensable, and self-abasement is indispensable. ——Zou Taofen knows shame and is almost brave.

—— Confucius was humiliated by nothing more than being shameless. ——Wang Tong Revolutionary morality does not fall from the sky.

It is developed and consolidated from daily unremitting struggle and exercise, just as jade becomes brighter as it is polished, and gold becomes purer as it is refined. —— Ho Chi Minh Children need to be taught by others, and their problems need to be treated by others, even if they are teachers or doctors.

But I’m afraid you have to make your own decisions about how to behave and deal with things. Many good remedies prescribed by others are often nothing more than waste paper. ——Lu Xun is not unable to see justice, but he is afraid of seeing justice and not acting bravely.

——Xie Juezai Be careful not to say bad things or do bad things even when you are alone, but learn to be more shameful in front of yourself than in front of others. —— Democritus Calmness cultivates one’s character, frugality cultivates one’s virtue.

——Zhuge Liang A gentleman is concerned about the road but not about poverty. ——Confucius was poor without flattery, rich without arrogance.

——Zigong strengthens the foundation and uses it sparingly, then the sky will not be poor. ——Xun Kuang Those who are extravagant and lazy will be poor, while those who are strong and thrifty will be rich.

—— Han Fei The journey of a gentleman is to cultivate one’s character through tranquility, and to cultivate one’s virtue through frugality. If it is not indifferent, it will not clear its aspirations, and if it is not peaceful, it will not be far-reaching. ——Zhuge Liang: Those who are extravagant are in disarray, while those who are frugal are safe. One evil and one good are in front of you.

——Bai Juyi does not think about living in peace and is prepared for danger, and abstains from extravagance and is frugal; he cuts down the roots in order to seek luxuriant trees, and blocks the sources in order to have a long flow. ——Wei Zheng reviewed the virtuous countries and families in the past, and their success was due to diligence and frugality, but they were destroyed due to extravagance.

——The overlord Li Shangyin took Erjiang alone, and many of his descendants surrendered with hundreds of cities. After the success of Luxurious, what about peace and happiness and misfortune? ——Wang Anshi Extravagance leads to excessive desires.

A gentleman who has many desires will only seek wealth and honor, which will lead to disaster in vain. ——Sima Guang is extravagant and greedy, and his ambition is humiliating; if he is frugal, he has nothing to ask for from others and no regrets from himself, which can nourish his energy.

——. 6. Regarding the issue of Wang Anshi’s poem modification

It was Su Shi who modified Wang Anshi’s poem:

About the time when Su Shi was the Minister of Rites in the imperial court, before he was demoted, one day, He went to Wang Anshi's study room, Wuzhai, to find Wang Anshi. The king was not there. Su Shi saw an unfinished poem with only two lines on the table in Wuzhai - "The bright moon barks on the branches, and the yellow dog lies in the heart of the flower." Su Dongpo After looking at it again and again, I felt suspicious. How could the bright moon scream on the branches? How can a yellow dog lie on the flower heart? Thought it was inappropriate. So he changed his pen and changed the poem to "The bright moon shines in the sky, and the yellow dog lies in the shade of the flowers."

After Wang Anshi came back, he was extremely dissatisfied with Su Shi's modification of his poems, so he demoted him to Hepu. After Su Dongpo arrived in Hepu, he went out for a walk one day and saw a group of children gathered in front of a bunch of flowers and shouted: "Yellow dog Luoluo, black dog Luoluo, come out quickly! Luoluo, Luoluo, Luoluo." Out of curiosity, Su Dongpo walked over and asked the child what he was shouting. The child said, "Let's tell the bug to come out quickly so we can catch it." Su Dongpo walked closer to the flower and saw several small yellow and black bugs as big as sesame seeds squirming in the flower stamens. He asked the child, "What bugs are these?" The boy said, "Yellow dog bugs, black dog bugs." "Su Dongpo left the flowers and came to a banyan tree. When he heard a crisp bird singing on the tree, he asked someone else, "What kind of bird is this?" The someone else replied, "This is called the Moon Bird." At this moment, Su Dongpo heard something. Suddenly I realized that I had wrongly corrected Wang Anshi's poem.

However, later generations commented that as a prime minister, Wang Anshi was too narrow-minded. Although he understood local customs and people, he should not have established "Wu Anshi" because Su Shi mistakenly changed two lines of his poem. "Taiwan Poetry Case", sent Su to prison, and then sent him to other people at will. What is the difference between doing this and engaging in "literary inquisition"? In fact, from a historical point of view, Wang Anshi punished Su Dongpo and wrongly changed two lines of his poems. This was only a secondary reason on the surface. In fact, the main reason was Su Shi's political opposition to Wang Anshi's reform. For this reason, Su Shi was demoted to Huizhou first, and then to Danzhou again. 7. Poems describing reflection

1. Original text: Therefore, if you don’t climb a mountain, you don’t know how high the sky is; if you don’t go to a deep stream, you don’t know how thick the earth is.

Translation: So if you don’t climb mountains, you don’t know how high the sky is; if you don’t get close to deep valleys, you don’t know how deep the earth is.

Source: "Encouraging Learning" by Xunzi in the Pre-Qin Dynasty

2. Original text: A black-haired person does not know how to study diligently early, and a white-haired person regrets studying late.

Translation: When I was young, I only knew how to play and didn’t know how to study hard. When I get older, I regret why I didn’t know how to study hard when I was young.

Source: "Encouraging Learning" by Yan Zhenqing of the Tang Dynasty

3. Original text: I have to examine myself three times every day: Is it unfaithful to others? Make friends but don’t believe it?

Translation: I reflect on myself many times every day, am I doing my best for others? Have you been honest and trustworthy in your interactions with friends? Have I reviewed the studies the teacher taught me?

Source: "Ten Analects of Confucius" by Confucius in the Pre-Qin Dynasty

4. Original text: Enlightenment comes from doubt, happiness comes from suffering.

Translation: The truth is often gained from thinking about questions. Happiness is often achieved through pain.

Source: Qing Dynasty Shen Juyun's "Xiyan Tuyu"

5. Original text: What merit do I have now? I have never been engaged in farming and mulberry farming.

Translation: Now I have any merits and virtues, but I don’t have to engage in farming and sericulture.

Source: "Guan Miao Wheat" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty