Note: ① Youzi: a student of Confucius in his later years, whose name is Ruo. In The Analects of Confucius, Confucius' students are generally called Zi, and only Zeng Shen, You Ruo, Ran Qiu and Min Zikai are called Zi. ② Filial piety: two basic moral norms advocated by Confucius and Confucianism. Filial piety stipulates the attitude that children should have towards their parents. Brother, like Yong, stipulates a younger brother's attitude towards his brother. Ancient note: parents who are kind are called filial piety, and brothers are called younger brothers. Criminals: kindness, love, offence and crime. 4 fresh: reading Xi m: n is risky and less. ⑤ Service book: work and concentrate. Ben. That is, the whole moral ideology with benevolence as the core and its embodiment in real life. ⑦ Benevolence is the foundation of benevolence, and benevolence is the highest moral category of Confucius. Being the foundation of benevolence means that filial piety is the foundation of benevolence. Another explanation is that benevolence means benevolence. The former is based on the content of benevolence, while the latter is based on the implementation of benevolence. It is also explained that the word "benevolence" of benevolence is "benevolence".
1.3 Confucius said: "Clever words make color ①, fresh and kind."
Note: ① Clever words mean beautiful things. Ancient note: "Speak kindly, be kind, show off what you have done, and tell everyone."
4.2 Confucius said, "A heartless person can't stay long, and can't enjoy his long life. Benevolence is benevolent, and knowledge is benevolent. " ?
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Note: ① About poverty; 2 An Ren Li Ren: An Ren, An Yu Ren. Liren believes that benevolence is beneficial to oneself before doing it, "if it is beneficial, it will do, and if it is not, it will stop."
4.3 Confucius said: "A benevolent person can be kind to others and evil to others."
Note: ① Good: disyllabic and phonetic. Love. 2 evil: disyllabic, phonetic error. Hate; Hate
Confucius said, "If you are determined to be good, there will be no evil."
Note: ① evil: there are two explanations: first, the evil of good and evil is different from the evil word in the previous chapter; Second, the likes and dislikes are synonymous with the evil words in the previous chapter.
4.5 Confucius said: "Being rich and expensive is what people want. If you can't get it, there is nowhere; Poverty and meanness are human evils. If you don't get them their way, you won't go. A gentleman goes to benevolence and fame becomes evil. What's wrong with a gentleman eating without food? (2) Must be changeable? 3 it must be. "
Note: ① evil: evil, simultaneous wu. He; How come? 2 expectation: hurry; In a hurry. 3 upset: autumn, used to describe personnel difficulties and social unrest.
5.5 or: "Brave ① is also kind and not jealous ②." Confucius said, "What's the use? The emperor's people give their mouths to ③, and they hate people repeatedly, but they don't know their nature. What's the use? "
Note: ① Yong: Confucius' student, ran yong, with the word Zhong Gong. ② Yi: Yin Ning. Be eloquent and eloquent. 3 spoken language: it is convenient to speak. 4 I don't know its benevolence. There are two explanations: First, Yi people are hated, so I don't know him (Yi people). Second, Ran Yong, I wonder if Ran Yong is kind.
Confucius said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy."
6.22 Fan Chi asked for knowledge, and Confucius said, "For the people's sake, it can be said that you know something if you stay away from ghosts and gods." Ask Ren: "A benevolent person suffers first and then is benevolent." ?
Remarks: ① The meaning of serving the people: The Analects of Confucius is devoted to humanity.
6.30 Zi Gong said, "What if you can give to the people and help them? Can you say that it is a benevolent person? " Confucius said, "What is benevolence? Will be holy! Yao Shun is still ill. He is kind, he wants to stand up and be a man, and he can reach it. If he can make a close analogy, he can be said to be kind?
Note: ① Yao Shun: It is said that two emperors in ancient times were saints worshipped by Confucius.
7.6 Confucius said: "Take Tao as the aim, virtue as the basis, benevolence as the basis, and art as the tour."
Note: ① virtue: ancient note: virtue means that a person can carry out the Tao in his heart without losing it, which is called virtue. ② Wandering in art: Art refers to the six arts taught by Confucius, namely etiquette, music, archery, bending, calligraphy and counting. Wandering has different explanations: first, art is not enough to maintain and rely on, so it is called wandering; Second, swimming has the pleasure of swimming; Third, when you have nothing to do, you can relax in the six arts, that is, you are not in a hurry.
8.7 Ceng Zi said, "A scholar cannot but strive for self-improvement. It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan. Benevolence is not important. Isn't it far after death? "
Note: ① Hongyi: HTC is resolute.
9.29 Confucius said, "The knower is not confused, the benevolent is not worried, and the brave is not afraid."
12 1 Yan Yuan asked Ren. Confucius said, "Self-denial is benevolence. One day, self-denial is benevolent, and the world is benevolent. Benevolence lies in oneself, but in people. " Yan Yuan said, "What's the purpose?" Confucius said, "see no evil, don't listen to evil, don't say evil, and don't move if you are evil." Yan Yuan said, "Although it's not sensitive, please speak for yourself."
Matters needing attention: ① Self-denial and self-reply: There are different explanations: 1. Restraint and restraint; Repeat, practice, restrain, restrain yourself from practicing etiquette. Reply, return. Overcome your words and deeds of leaving the ceremony and return to the requirements of the ceremony. These two explanations have similar meanings. (2) There are several explanations: First, reward means giving and praising. Once it is done, it will be praised by the whole world. Second, if you can do it, the whole world will surrender to this kind king. Third, once you do it, the whole world will praise you. So the world belongs to benevolence. "The third explanation is more reasonable. Here, the subject of "self-denial" seems not to refer to individuals, but to all people. That is, if everyone can do self-denial, the world will belong to benevolence.
12.2 Nakamiya asked Ren. Confucius said, "Going out to meet big guests makes people like big sacrifices." : Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you; No complaints at home, no complaints at home. "Zhong Gong said," never sensitive, so please speak English. "
Attention: ① When you are away from home, if you meet a distinguished guest, make the people like a big sacrifice: when you meet a distinguished guest, you need to be cautious and respectful. This sentence means that when you go out to work and serve the people, you should be as respectful and cautious as meeting distinguished guests and making great sacrifices, that is to say, you should be respectful. 2 There is no resentment in the country, and there is no resentment at home: in the country, it means being an official in the vassal state, and in the country, it means working in the family of Dr. Qing. There are two explanations for no resentment:
12.3 Sima Niu wenren. Confucius said, "Benevolent words are also deceptive." He said, "His words are also deceptive. What is benevolence?" Confucius said, "Why is it so difficult?"
Matters needing attention: ① Difficult and slow. According to historical records, Sima Niu is talkative and impetuous. What Confucius said was aimed at his shortcomings.
Ask Ren. Confucius said, "Love."
Ask Ren. Confucius said, "Respect for life, respect for deacons and loyalty to people. Although 2, you can't abandon it. "
Attention: ① Respect and respect: seriousness, caution and courtesy refer to external respect and internal respect.
13.27 Confucius said: "fortitude is dull and dull, close to benevolence."
14 1 constitution ① be shy. Confucius said, "The state owns the Tao, so you; It would be shameful if a country has no way. " "If there is nothing you can do, you can be kind." Confucius said, "You are embarrassed and ungrateful."
Note: ① Constitution: Yuan Xian, a student of Confucius; 2 generosity, cutting, resentment and unwillingness can be regarded as benevolence: this sentence is Yuan Xian's problem: generosity, cutting, boasting, resentment, resentment, desire and greed.
14.4 Confucius said: "Those who have virtue must have words, and those who have words need not have virtue. The benevolent must be brave, and the brave need not be benevolent. " ?
Note: ① Speech: Speech. Words are spoken, which means that some things are expressed in words.
15.9 Confucius said: "The benevolent does not live, but dies."
15.35 Confucius said: "People are more benevolent than fire and water. Fire and water kill me, not benevolence. "
15.36 Confucius said, "Do your duty as a teacher".
Note: ① Don't give in to the teacher: the word teacher has two explanations: one is the teacher; Second, talk more. When you meet what everyone should do, you should take the lead and do it, neither supercilious nor supercilious. Doing one's duty is courage.
Zhang Wenren, the son of 17.6, was in the life of Confucius. Confucius said: "It is the benevolence of the world to be able to do five things." I want to ask him, "Be respectful, tolerant, trusting, sensitive and considerate. If you are respectful, you will not be insulted. If you are tolerant, you will win many people. If you believe it, you will be responsible. Sensitivity makes merit. If you are generous, you can make people. "
19.6 Xia Zi said: "erudite and determined, ask and think, benevolence is among them."
Note: ① Virtue and wisdom: There are two interpretations of wisdom: one is that wisdom shares knowledge and is remembered in the heart; Second, ambition. ② Question: There are several explanations: first, sincerity; Second, proximity refers to matters of direct concern; Three, urgent, urgent, urgent.
In addition, please see pjhxb.blog.zhyww/archives/2008/200888232546,10, and ask someone to help me list the sentences in the Analects that express Confucius' thought of "benevolence". The more, the better.
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