friends, let's take a boat trip with me to visit the West Lake from Yuemiao Wharf. Before the boat starts, let me introduce the general situation of the West Lake. The West Lake is located in the west of Hangzhou, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and bordering the urban area on the east. It is about 3.2 kilometers long from north to south, 2.8 kilometers wide from east to west, with an area of about 5.68 square kilometers around the lake for nearly 15 kilometers, including 6.3 square kilometers of islands in the lake, with an average water depth of 1.55 meters. The shallowest part is less than 1 meter, and the storage capacity is between 8.5 million and 8.7 million cubic meters. Su Causeway and Bai Causeway divide the lake into five parts: the outer lake, Beili Lake, Xili Lake, Yuehu Lake and Xiaonanhu Lake. There are scenic spots everywhere in the West Lake. In history, besides the 18 scenic spots of Qiantang Lake, the most famous one is the 1 scenic spots of the West Lake named in the Southern Song Dynasty. Mom: Su Causeway Chunxiao Quyuan Fenghe Pinghu Qiuyue Broken Bridge Canxue Huagang Watching Fish Nanping Late Clock Twin Peaks Inserting Clouds Leifeng Sunset Three Tans Printing the Moon and Milking the Waves Smell the connotation of each word, they are: flowers in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the evening clouds and the moon and willow point out that no matter whether it is spring, summer, autumn and winter, whether it is bright or dim, the scenery of the West Lake is always there. Features everywhere In 1985, the Ten Scenes of the New West Lake were awarded. In the 6-square-kilometer garden scenic area centered on the West Lake, there were more than 4 major scenic spots and more than 3 key cultural relics. To sum up, the scenery of the West Lake was mainly based on one lake, two peaks, three springs, four temples, five mountains, six gardens, seven caves, eight tombs, nine streams and ten views. On November 8, 1982, The State Council listed the West Lake as one of the first batch of national key scenic spots. In 1985, the West Lake was rated as the third among the top ten scenic spots in China.
The West Lake is so beautiful, and it certainly breeds many wonderful and moving legends. It is said that a long time ago, Yulong and Jinfeng found a piece of white jade on the fairy island near the Milky Way. They pondered for many years, and the white jade became a radiant pearl. Where did the pearl of this treasure shine? Where the trees are evergreen and the flowers are in full bloom, the news spread to the Heavenly Palace the day after tomorrow. The Queen Mother sent heavenly soldiers and heavenly generals to snatch the pearls, and Yulong and Jinfeng rushed to seek pearls, which was rejected by the Queen Mother, so the Queen Mother was thrown to the ground, and when her hands were loosened, the pearl fell to the earth and became a crystal clear West Lake, and Yulong and Jinfeng also landed, becoming Jade Dragon Mountain, namely Jade Emperor Mountain and Phoenix Mountain. Forever guarding the shore of the West Lake
Just now, some friends asked why the water in the West Lake is so clear and pure. Let's start with the origin of the West Lake: the West Lake was a shallow bay connected with the Qiantang River 12, years ago, and Wu Shan and Baoshi Mountain, which towering in the north and south of the West Lake, were two headlands surrounding the bay. Later, due to the impact of the tide, sediment silted up and separated the bay from the Qiantang River. By the Western Han Dynasty, the shape of the West Lake had been basically fixed from 26 BC to 24 AD, and it was really fixed in the Sui Dynasty from 581 to 618. Geologically, this lake evolved from a shallow bay and was called a lagoon. Since then, the West Lake has been scoured by the flowing water of mountain springs, and has experienced five large-scale artificial dredging treatments initiated by Bai Juyi, Su Dongpo, Yang Mengying and Ruan Yuan. Finally, it has changed from a natural lake to a semi-closed shallow-water scenic lake with beautiful scenery
There are many names for the West Lake in history. It was called Wulin Water, Jinniu Lake and Mingsheng Lake in the Han Dynasty from 26 BC to 22 AD, and Shihan Lake, Qiantang Lake in the Tang Dynasty from 618 to 97. In addition, it was called Lake Longchuan Qianyuan on the Sage Lake of Gaoshi Lake in the Northern Song Dynasty from 96 to 1127. When Su Dongpo was a local official in Hangzhou, I wrote a poem praising the West Lake: the water is beautiful and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy. It is always appropriate to compare the West Lake with Xizi. The poet compares the West Lake to Xi Shi, an ancient beauty in China. Therefore, the West Lake has been nicknamed Xizi Lake. < P > As a famous scenic spot, many Chinese and foreign celebrities have a special liking for this. In Mao Zedong's life, He regarded Hangzhou as his second home. Mao Zedong often praised the beauty of the West Lake, but he never published a poem describing it formally before his death. China's great men liked the West Lake, and international friends even lingered on it. Former US President Nixon visited Hangzhou twice. He said with admiration: Beijing is the capital of China, and Hangzhou is the heart of this country. I will come to Nixon again and give the redwood trees produced in my hometown of California to Hangzhou.
Our ship has started slowly. Let me briefly introduce the whole trip around the lake: the scenic spots around the lake include a mountain and an isolated mountain with two dikes and one mountain, and there are more than 3 places of interest in the isolated mountain scenic spot. What people can enjoy along the lake are the isolated mountains such as Zhongshan Park, the outer building of Xiqiao Qiujin Tomb, Xiling Yinshe Building, and Bai Causeway. Finally, the bridge is broken and there are remnants of snow. After enjoying the scenery along the lake, we will go to the three islands in the lake, and the cruise ship will finally dock in Su Causeway.
Now the ship is sailing from west to east. What you see is the scenery of the isolated mountain, which is connected to Xiqiao Bridge in the west and Bai Causeway in the east. It is 35 meters above sea level and covers an area of 2, square meters. The isolated mountain scenery was famous in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and Lizong in the Southern Song Dynasty built its scale here. Most of the lonely mountain was designated as the imperial garden, and Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty built a palace here. yongzheng emperor changed the palace to Shengyin Temple, and it was called the four jungles of the West Lake together with Zhaoqing Temple of Lingyin Temple in Jingci Temple at that time. ""Perhaps some friends will ask: Since the lonely mountain is the largest island in the West Lake, why should it be named as the lonely mountain? This is because it has a particularly beautiful scenery in history and has always been called the possession of a lonely emperor, so it is geologically called the lonely mountain. The isolated mountain is composed of rhyolite ejected by volcano, and the whole bird is connected with the land, so the isolated mountain is not isolated, with broken bridges, and the long bridge is not long, which is called the Three Wonders of the West Lake
Let's look at the stone arch bridge around the hole in front of the isolated mountain, which is located in the west of the isolated mountain and is called Xiqiao Bridge. Together with the broken bridge long bridge, it is called the three ancient love bridges of the West Lake
After crossing the Xiqiao Bridge, the back foot of the isolated mountain. Eyes bright, head held high, as if searching for the truth of revolution. Who is she? She is the pioneer of women's liberation movement in China, and Qiu Jin, the heroine of Jianhu who died heroically to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and strive for national independence. This statue is 2.7 meters high, and the tomb is 2 meters high. On the front tablet, there should be a statue of Qiu Jin martyr with four characters of Sun Yat-sen's handwritten heroine, which gives us a revelation: the famous West Lake is not only the victory of mountains and rivers. It is even more glorious because of many historical figures. In the West Lake Scenic Area, Yue Fei, who is known as the three outstanding figures on the lake, Yu Qian, Zhang Cang Water, and Xu Xilin Tao Chengzhang, a modern revolutionary who died together with Qiu Jin for rejuvenating China, have all been buried by Xizi Lake.
Our ship continues to sail slowly eastward. You can see a white wall in front, and the courtyard is on the right side of the famous Xiling Printing House, a building combining Chinese and Western styles. The building outside the building, a century-old shop, was founded in 1848. The name of the shop was taken from the famous sentence of the building outside the Qingshan Building outside the mountain of Lin Sheng, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The building outside the building was convenient for people at the right time and place. The famous dish that once received many Chinese and foreign celebrities outside the building was the West Lake vinegar fish. It was made by selecting grass carp cultured in the West Lake within a specified range, starving in clear water for a day or two, removing the earthy smell, and then cooking it. The color was bright and the meat was tender. Sweet and sour, slightly crab-flavored, it is the most representative famous dish in Hangzhou.
Now the ship has sailed to Zhongshan Park, and the main entrance of Gushan is here. The mountain is not high, but there are immortals, so it is famous. Gushan is not only a famous scenic mountain, but also a famous cultural mountain. The reason why it is so important in the West Lake Scenic Area is because it contains rich historical and cultural connotations, and there is a famous world view of the West Lake in the scenic area. We also commemorate the crane pavilion of Lin Hejing, a recluse poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. After landing, we went to visit the Sun Yat-sen Park. This group of buildings we saw was the newly built Zhejiang Museum, which further displayed Hemudu culture as early as 7, years ago, and went down to more than 1,7 pieces of cultural relics in modern times. The ancient building behind the museum was Wenlan Pavilion, the royal library in the Qing Dynasty. It is one of the seven book pavilions built in China for the collection of Si Ku Quan Shu.
Please look at the double-eaved pavilion with a cement platform protruding from the lake in front of us. This building, built in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, is called Pinghu Qiuyue, which is the starting point of Bai Causeway and one of the three scenic spots for enjoying the moon in Hangzhou. In history, there are three places for Hangzhou people to enjoy the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival: San Tan Yin Yue, one of the three islands in the lake, and the moon rock scenic spot on the Phoenix hillside on the mountain. As for the shore, just count them.
Now, you can see that the long beach for sightseeing among willows and peaches is Bai Causeway. When our boat sails here, the most beautiful scenery of the West Lake will be presented to you. On both sides of the embankment, there is a row of willows and peaches, especially in the play, the willow line is full of green peach trees, and the scenery is pink and green. When visitors come here, it seems as if they are in a fairyland. Bai Causeway, formerly known as Baisha Dike, was famous for its beautiful scenery as early as the Tang Dynasty more than 1 years ago. Although it is not in the same direction as Bai Causeway, which was built by Baiju, the people of Hangzhou pay tribute to this old mayor who made outstanding contributions to Hangzhou. It is still named Bai Causeway, and the Su Causeway, which was built under the auspices of Su Dongpo, is like two brocade belts in the lake, which are colorful and add each other. Look again, this bridge in the middle of Bai Causeway is called brocade belt bridge. It used to be a wooden bridge, and now it is renamed as stone arch bridge. At the end of Bai Causeway, Bai Causeway, with a total length of 1 km, was broken.
The name of the broken bridge was first taken from the Tang Dynasty, and it was called Baodou Bridge in the Song Dynasty. It used to be a mossy old stone bridge. Although the bridge we see now is a very common stone arch bridge, its name is linked with the story of the White Snake, which makes it the most famous bridge in the West Lake.
Speaking of this, I see some friends are already watching it carefully. Maybe you will immediately ask: This bridge is not broken at all, why should it be named broken bridge? Let me answer this question. Broken bridge is one of the ten famous scenic spots in the West Lake. Because the broken bridge is located at the water dividing point between Beili Lake and Waihu Lake, it has a wide view, and it is the best place to watch the snow scene of the West Lake in winter. Whenever it snows in Chu Qing, the sunny side of the bridge has melted, but the shady side of the bridge is still snowy. From a distance, the bridge seems to be broken, so the broken bridge is named after the broken snow. Also, the broken bridge is the end of Bai Causeway. Maybe everyone stops here from Bai Causeway, where Pinghu is full of autumn moon. It turned out that the dike and bridge were broken constantly
Let's look at the mountain behind the broken bridge, which is called Baoshi Mountain. The rock of this mountain is 78 meters above sea level, which is different from the West Lake mountains. It is mainly composed of rhyolite and tuff in igneous rocks. Among them, a gem named Jasper is embedded in purple limestone, which is particularly dazzling under the sunlight. This is the origin of Baoshi Mountain's name. The beautiful and tall tower on the mountain, the M Tower of the mediator, Bao Tower, was first built as Jiu. Now it was rebuilt in 1933. It is a solid building. Its tower body is octagonal, 45.3 meters high, symmetrical up and down, and its lines are soft and beautiful. Among the towers on the lake, Baom Tower is the most handsome in shape and graceful in posture. There is also a Leifeng Tower corresponding to Baom Tower in history. In the landscape layout of the West Lake, it is located on a central axis, one south and one north. On the West Lake, there was a confrontation between the north and the south, and a lake reflected the twin towers. Therefore, there was a folk saying that Leifeng Tower was like an old woman and Baom Tower was like a beauty, which revealed the different charm of Leifeng Tower and Baom Tower. < P > Dear friends, the landscape along the West Lake is here, and then we will go to see the three islands in the lake. < P > First of all, let's look at the largest island in the West Lake, Santan Yinyue, which is also called Xiaoyingzhou. The lake garden with lakes on the island covers a total area of 7, square meters, of which the water surface accounts for 6% of the island's total area. It is connected with liudi in the east and west, and a curved bridge is built in the north and south. On both sides of the curved bridge, large areas of red and white water lilies are planted. In addition, Santan Qian Yue is famous for planting water shield of the West Lake in history.
Please follow me to visit the island. Santan Yinyue, a small island, was founded in 167 in the thirty-fifth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. It is piled up with dredged lake mud. Its essence lies in the three stone pagodas in the south of the island. Please see: The three pagodas stand upright on the lake, with a height of 2 meters and a spherical body, with five small round holes arranged. The top of the tower is gourd-shaped and beautifully shaped. Every moonlit night, especially during the Mid-Autumn Festival, when the bright moon is in the sky, people light candles in the pagodas, cover the mouth with thin paper, and the candlelight shines through. At this time, the shadows of the pagodas dissolve into one piece, and the candlelight shines. In the refraction of light, the lights of the three towers are projected on the water surface through 15 round holes. * * * There are 3 moons, plus one in the water in the morning, and the lake can reflect 32 small moons, showing the beautiful scenery of the moon in the sky and three shadows in the lake. It's really a lake full of gold and water, which is full of poetry and painting.
Then let's look at the pavilion with cornices and corners in the lake. It's called Huxin Pavilion, which is the largest pavilion in the West Lake and the earliest island built among the three islands of the West Lake. It was first built in 1552 in the 31st year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, and has a history of 44 years. It is one of the ten scenic spots in Qiantang. Standing at Huxin Pavilion, it overlooks the West Lake, with a panoramic view of the water and mountains.
The island northwest of Huxin Pavilion is called Ruan Gongdun, which is the smallest of the three islands of the West Lake. It covers an area of only 5,561 square meters. In 18 during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, Ruan Yuan, the governor of Zhejiang Province, used silt accumulated after dredging the West Lake. Ruan Dun fishing has become a good place for Hangzhou citizens to have a holiday and relax. Ruan Dun night tour is a special tourist project of the West Lake in summer.
After visiting the three islands in the lake, our ship has sailed to Su Causeway, which is about to dock. Please see: the front one crosses the West Lake from south to weak. The long dike in the lake with a total length of 2.8 kilometers is the Su Causeway dike. There are six stone arch bridges, namely, reflecting the waves, locking the mountains and pressing the dike, and planting peaches, willows and hibiscus across the rainbow embankment in Dongpu, forming the scenery of the West Lake. When it comes to Su Causeway, people will naturally think of Su Dongpo, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Dongpo was the local official of Hangzhou for the second time. He organized 2, migrant workers to dredge the West Lake, and then used the lake mud and grass. This long dike, which runs directly from the foot of Nanping Mountain to the foot of Qixia Mountain, was built. In order to commemorate his achievements, later generations named Su Causeway as the southern end of the current dike and built Su Dongpo Memorial Hall for people to visit and remember Su.