With Vassili's fame in the Battle of Stalingrad, the Russians set up a sniper school in Lazur Chemical Plant in Stalingrad, and he was personally responsible for training. Because of the meaning of Zaitsev's surname, the students trained by the sniper school are nicknamed "Bunny" ("Zaichata"; Vasily, of course, is the "old rabbit"! )。 In "Stalingrad" written by Anthony Bevo (former officer of the British No.11Kloc-0/Light Cavalry Squadron, now a historian), Bevo thinks that the school set up in Lazur Chemical Plant is the origin of the "sniper movement" of the 62nd Army and the Soviet Union. He has held training camps in the army, publicized the rules of sniper, and used frying in a cauldron as training. It is estimated that Chai Lao Rabbit brought up Chai Xiao Rabbit with one hand, causing heavy casualties of more than 3,000 Axis officers and men. Vasily served in 1943 1 and retired due to mine injury. Later, he was taken care of by Professor Vladimir Filatov and his eyes were treated. Vassili finally returned to the battlefield and participated in the battle of Transnistria. At that time, he had paid tribute to the captain. After the war, Vassili visited Berlin and met his comrades in the army. His comrades-in-arms gave him a new sniper rifle with the inscription: "Dedicated to the Soviet hero Vasily Zaytsev who killed more than 300 fascists in Stalingrad." ("Dedicated to the Soviet hero zaitsev Vasily, who buried more than 300 fascists in Stalingrad." ; At present, this gun is kept in the Volgograd Museum. Vasily then ran a factory in Kiev and lived in Kiev until his death at the age of 76.
background
On the record, Zaitsev, the Soviet hero and meritorious sniper, was not so outstanding, and totally destroyed 250 enemies. There were more than 20 Soviet snipers who destroyed more than 300 enemies in World War II. However, Zaitsev has the highest reputation in the eyes of military historians, not only because he contributed to the development of sniper science, but also because he defeated Kangning, the most famous sniper king of the German army. 1in the autumn of 942, Soviet snipers showed their great power in the defense of Stalingrad, which made the Germans suffer enough. Military reporters even made the sniper of the 284th Infantry Division 1047 Regiment of the 62nd Army famous-he killed 42 German soldiers in ten days. Hitler's generals decided to pull out the nail, and the headquarters of the Sixth German Army demanded that the German ace sniper be transferred to the front line of Stalingrad to deal with Zaitsev. The heavy responsibility falls on the shoulders of Colonel Koenigs, the headmaster of Berlin Sniper School in Germany. Konings, who flew from Berlin to the front, took the lead. He killed two Soviet snipers, one shot each. This is the challenge book of duel. Cunningham announced his arrival with action. Next, both sides are preparing for this decisive battle. The front line was silent, except for sporadic gunfire and plane bombing. In addition, even the sniper's gunfire seems to have disappeared. During this period, Zaitsev and his partner kulikov studied the front line from Mamayev Heights to the "Red October" factory, and marked all the landforms and features: rubble-piled streets, broken walls of buildings, broken columns, burnt-out cars ... There are thousands of ambush points where German snipers can hide. Zaitsev knew that Cornings was hiding in one of the rooms.
Where is konings?
One day, German gunmen broke the optical sight on Sergeant Morozov's sniper rifle and wounded another sniper, Sergeant Shaykin. Morozov and gold placer are experienced shooters, and they often win the most difficult duels. There is no doubt that they met their strongest opponent this time. The tense confrontation has lasted for two days. The third day. Since the morning, gunfire has sounded over the city and the front has become active. Snipers have been crouching in the bunker, keeping their eyes on the optical sight and constantly monitoring what is happening ahead. Danilov, a political instructor, was unwilling to be lonely, so he got into the sniper's shelter early in the morning to watch. After the sun rose, danilov seemed to suddenly see something. He knelt down excitedly and shouted, "Here he comes!" "His voice did not fall, the German gunman responded quickly-gesturing and shooting danilov on the shoulder. Corning didn't hit danilov on the head. He hoped that Zaitsev would jump up and help his injured comrade, thus exposing himself. Danilov fell to the ground screaming. Zaitsev didn't move. He still looked ahead, wondering where the shots came from. Cornings didn't shoot again. He was silent, let the Soviet military doctor climb over the rubble on a stretcher, and hurriedly put danilov on a stretcher and carried him away.
Discover the enemy's lair
Zaitsev picked up the telescope to observe, and a steel plate leaning in the corner caught his attention. There are some broken bricks on the steel plate, which are located in front of the German defense line. From the enemy's point of view, where is the best sniper point? Steel plates have been dug into bunkers. Did the enemy gunmen come out at night? Zaitsev silently thinking. Yes, Colonel Cornings is under the steel plate. Below the steel plate is the wonderful nest of German gunmen. Zaitsev aimed his gun at the black spot under the steel plate. Because the position of the sniper was exposed by the instructor, konings judged that the Soviet sniper would change his position. In this case, the Germans will shoot at anything. Zaitsev put a glove on a board and held it over his head. Corning shot through it. "Aha, finally hooked, little man." Zaitsev examined the punctured glove: it was neither biased nor inclined, and it was a direct hit. This means that the bullet came from the front, and the German ace gunner was hidden under the steel plate. It's time to lure him out. How to quote? Change places and take care of him from another direction tomorrow. The next morning, the autumn sun shone through the ruins of the city and shone on the sniper's face from behind the Germans. Zaitsev decided to wait until dawn, because the reflection of the sight might expose the position to the Germans. In the afternoon, the Soviet sniper's rifle was in the backlit position, while konings's position was exposed to direct sunlight. Something is flashing at the edge of the steel plate. Is it a broken glass or a sight on an enemy gun? It is time to take decisive measures.
Sniper king was killed
Kulikov carefully lifted his helmet slightly upward. Zaitsev focused all his attention on the black spot under the steel plate. The plan succeeded. Konings lost his cool. He probably intends to end the duel early. With a gunshot, Kurikov leaned forward and let out a cry ... At this moment, German ace gunner konings got carried away and peeped out from under the iron plate. The long-awaited opportunity came, and Zaitsev quickly pulled the trigger. This is the only bullet he has fired in four days. The bullet hit the forehead of Germany's number one gunman and flew out of the back of the head and helmet. After dark, the troops of the Soviet 284th Infantry Division began to attack. At the height of the fighting, Zaitsev and kulikov dragged the body of the killed German gunman from under the iron plate and searched the documents of the deceased. According to the document, the man who was killed was a famous German, and he always beat the gunman Colonel konings.
On June 5438+1October 3 1 day, 2006, the body of Vasily Zaitsev was reburied with a grand military ceremony in Kurgan, Mamayev. Because Vassili's last wish was to bury his body under the Stalingrad Battle Monument, his coffin was buried next to the monument; Vasily's famous saying is written on the tablet: "We have no retreat." (Actually, this sentence comes from Khrushchev, who was the general committee and "political commissar" of the Battle of Stalingrad. )
The rifle sight of German soldier Heinz Thorvald is said to be Cheshev's most precious trophy. It is currently displayed in the Army Museum in Moscow, but the whole story has not been confirmed because all Soviet military reports have not mentioned it. In his autobiography "A Sniper's Notes", Vasily mentioned that the opponent he actually met in the Battle of Stalingrad should be Heinz Torvald, and Vasily learned it according to the identity documents found in the body. This name was later used by a writer named "David L Robbins" in the novel "The Battle of Rats" published by 1999. Robbins said that Torvald was an SS colonel and the chief instructor of the German Defence Force Sniper School in Zosen. Matth?us Hetzenauer (Matth? Hetzenauer of the United States), the champion of the Wehrmacht sniper. Historians have repeatedly questioned whether this seemingly fictional master really exists, but there are several reasons to speculate that there has never been such a person in history: there is no record that the SS participated in the Battle of Stalingrad. There are only a handful of snipers in the SS itself, and the SS does not take snipers as an important assessment, so shooting snipers is actually a rough job for the Wehrmacht. No sniper will stand in the position of Fuehrer. As a sniper, he is expected to help turn the tide. It is impossible to take the lead in commanding the forward charge and avoid shooting snipers together. Even at the end of the war, it was clearly recorded that the first German black-and-white fickle gentleman was only a 265,438+0-year-old "Gefreiter" named "Matth?us Hetzenauer? Us Hetzenauer) killed 345 people under the index finger of his right hand, far less than Koenig's record of "killing more than 400 people". The Battle of Stalingrad marked a turning point for the former Soviet Union to resist the German attack. Under extremely difficult conditions, political propagandists in the former Soviet Union will fabricate a bunch of lies to improve the morale of the troops in order to maintain the fighting spirit of the huge army, especially when the war situation is so uncertain and not optimistic.
Supplementary explanation
Fyodor OkLovkov, Soviet hero and Lenin medal winner. 1942 September 13, the 6th German Army and the 62nd Army of the former Soviet Union fought Stalin in Mamayev. The highland is only 102 meters high, but it overlooks the whole city. The fierce competition in this highland can be imagined! ! However, according to records, Mamayev's post was laid by the Russian army, and the barbed wire was mixed with mines, which was impregnable. However, under the onslaught of the Germans, it fell within a day. In fact, the "Battle of Rats" itself was not named by David Robbins, and its allusion came from German officers and men who laughed at themselves in the battle, saying it was "wir haben einen Krieg der Ratten" because the intensity of the fighting between the two armies was only separated by a wall, and even the breathing of the other side was clearly audible. German officers and men also said, "Even if the kitchen is occupied, there will still be fights in the living room" (Wir Haben Einen Anderen Krieg, Zum des Leben Denraum es Herunter Zunehmen, Sogar, Daswir Bereits die Kü che Besetzten. As far as World War II is concerned, the Soviet Union and Russia produced many well-known snipers in proportion to their population, many of whom were famous for their huge numbers of casualties. For example, the ranking champion of Soviet sniper, michel Ilyich Surkov (4th Rifleman Division), led Vasiliy Shalvovich Kvachantiradze (the second member of the 259th Infantry Regiment) with 702 men. The 259th rifle registered) 534 people, the third ivan sidorenko) 500 people) belong to1122nd Infantry Regiment. Therefore, it was pointed out that Vassili's deeds were not unique, because there were 49 other Soviet snipers ahead of zaitsev. The most special one on the list of Soviet snipers is Fyodor Okhlopkov, ranking eighth. This out-and-out Yakutia, just like his ancestor who used to bow and shoot big eagles (Yakutia and Mongolia were unified by Genghis Khan in the13rd century), is 54 1 person if his achievements in the winter war are counted together (it is also said that it is 4228). Although the Soviet sniper's record is brilliant, it is exaggerated to be used by the political propaganda war report to boost morale. More ironically, some snipers' killing confirmation is "based on theory". At present, although there is controversy on the scoring judgment of snipers, Seymour Hatch's record is still credible, and fyodor O 'Klopkov's record is not controversial; As for the owner of this article, Vasily, it is also genuine.