Einstein - God does not play dice

"God does not play dice" is a famous saying of the famous physicist Einstein. To correctly understand the true meaning of this proposition, we need to go back to the background why it was proposed. That was the birth and maturity of quantum mechanics in the first half of the twentieth century. Physicists have discovered that making a single measurement of a quantum system cannot, in principle, obtain precise results, but only the probability of obtaining a certain result. For example, if a quantum mechanical measurement is performed on an electron that is not "polarized", we can obtain that the probability of spin ±1/2 is 1/2, but we cannot accurately predict that the value of the electron's spin is +1/2. Or -1/2.

There are several different explanations for the imprecise predictability or randomness of quantum mechanical measurements. There are two main factions. One is the so-called "orthodoxy", or "Copenhagen School", held by most quantum physicists. The second is the minority of unorthodox people represented by Einstein. The "orthodox" believe that quantum mechanics (including quantum mechanical measurements) is a complete description of microphysical systems. The implication is that randomness or imprecision in predictability is a fundamental aspect of the objective physical world. Einstein refused to accept this view until his death. He believed that the description of quantum mechanics was incomplete. The implication is that randomness or imprecision in predictability is not a fundamental aspect of the objective physical world, but is simply an imperfect understanding of it. "God does not play dice" was exactly what Einstein used in religious terms to express his fundamental views on quantum mechanics and the objective physical world.

From a philosophical point of view, the focus of the dispute between Einstein and the "orthodox" is not whether there is order and regularity in the objective physical world (this is the common knowledge of almost all scientists). The key is: is this orderly objective world completely determinative, or does it leave real room for opportunity, development, novelty, human freedom and divine action? Einstein clearly belongs to the former. In this he was almost in agreement with another famous physicist, Newton, but contrary to most other quantum physicists.

Einstein’s views on quantum mechanics and the objective physical world are closely related to his view of God or religion. Einstein was a theist, but he was neither a Christian nor a Jew. This is because the God he believes in is a superb mathematician and infinite wisdom, but it is not the God revealed in the Bible or believed by Christians. Einstein's God does not eat the smoke and fire of the world, and he will not come into the world as a human being for the sins of mankind, die on the cross, and then resurrect from the dead, so that everyone who believes will not perish but have eternal life.

Hawking - completely removing God from the affairs of the universe

"Did the universe have a beginning? What happened before the beginning? Didn't the universe have a beginning? How could it No beginning?" He gave perhaps the closest answer to the truth since the beginning of mankind.

Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England. This day happens to be the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death. At a cosmology conference in the Vatican, Pope Paul II told delegates that it was okay to study the universe after it began, but not the beginning itself, because that was about God. "I'm secretly glad that he didn't know that I just published a paper at a conference proposing how the universe began." Hawking sounded a little proud, "I don't want to be sent to the Inquisition like Galileo."

Hawking was not sent to the Inquisition, but his research was enough to put him on par with Galileo in the history of science.

"Hawking is the greatest theoretical physicist in the field of gravitational physics after Einstein." Wu Zhongchao, a professor at Zhejiang University of Technology who received a doctorate from Cambridge University under the guidance of Hawking, told us that black hole theory makes quantum Theory and thermodynamics were perfectly unified in "Hawking Radiation", and the boundless quantum cosmology he proposed in the 1980s solved the "first push" problem that has troubled the scientific community for hundreds of years.

Hawking's greatness lies in his realization that time can be understood in the same way that humans understand the edges of the earth. "Where is the southernmost point of the Earth? At the South Pole. So where is the further south of the South Pole? This question is meaningless, because there is nothing 'south of Antarctica'."

Realize that this question is actually It's a very meaningful thing. "In this way, he completely removes God from the affairs of the universe."