When we use Hegel's dialectical thought to understand the universe, we should regard it as the unity of finite and infinite, while Einstein has dialectical thought that ordinary researchers lack. Einstein's general theory of relativity uses Riemann geometry to describe four-dimensional space-time, which is curved under the action of gravitational field. 1854, Riemann pointed out in his speech "On the Assumption of Geometric Basis": "In our understanding of the external world, space is assumed to be an unbounded three-dimensional manifold. ..... but on this basis, we can never infer the infinity of space. On the contrary, if we assume that the existence of an object has nothing to do with its position-thus giving space a constant curvature, then as long as this curvature is positive, no matter how small, space can only be limited. " From the perspective of relativity, there are no straight lines in the universe, and all lines are curves with different curvatures. As long as you keep drawing, you can finally draw a circle, so the space for anything is limited. Einstein put forward the hypothesis that the universe is finite and unbounded, and put forward that the limit of the universe is10 billion light years. The light emitted by stars will return to the starting point after10 billion years. This idea of combining finite and infinite is in line with dialectics. Dialectical rationality holds that all concrete existence is conditional, limited and temporary, which is manifested in the individuality, particularity, irregularity and contingency of things; The * * *, universality and inevitability contained in concrete things are unconditional, infinite and eternal, and they correspond to the same. Everything should be viewed from these two aspects. It is not in line with the revelation of nature to think that a thing, whether it is the universe or particles, has the infinity and absoluteness of isolated existence. Dialectics holds that the universe is both finite and infinite. Infinity refers to the continuous passage and circulation of time, and finiteness refers to the fact that every part of the universe has a clear spatial boundary. Satellites are too big to be attracted by planets, but they want to become planets. If the planet exceeds a certain limit, its mass will make it a star. Similarly, the mass of stars has a certain size, the minimum is not less than one twentieth of the mass of the sun, and the maximum is not more than 200 times the mass of the sun. There is a cubic quantity limit of 10. It doesn't glow when it's small, but it falls apart when it's big. The whole composed of limited parts is also limited.
Space is limited, and the speed of material movement is also limited. The finiteness of the universe is reflected in the finiteness of the speed of light, and the highest speed of motion is the speed of light. Einstein regards the constant speed of light as one of the two premises of the theory of relativity, and advocating superluminal speed is to deny the theory of relativity. I have stressed many times that the speed of light cannot be surpassed. Even if we want to reach the speed of light, we must first split and burn into photons. Generally speaking, the so-called "folk scientists" deny the theory of relativity. In fact, more than half of people in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine and surgery think that it can exceed the speed of light, so there is no need to talk about science! The mainstream philosophical understanding is metaphysical infinity, which goes against the laws of nature everywhere. Can you expect them to make scientific achievements? BIGBANG hypothesis has always been regarded as a reasonable inference of general relativity, which was produced by relativity, but in fact BIGBANG hypothesis betrayed relativity. Relativity has three basic principles: the relativity principle of special relativity, the invariance principle of light speed and the equivalence principle of general relativity. It holds that the laws of physics apply to all reference frames. The big bang hypothesis assumes that the universe originated from a singularity with infinite temperature and infinite pressure, and then says that all physical laws are not applicable at the singularity. At the beginning of the Big Bang, matter moved faster than the speed of light. If you don't recognize the understanding of physical laws, can you say it is scientific? Although this situation only exists for three seconds, it also sets an example for all anti-science understanding. Anyone can overthrow scientific truth with special conditions, so all kinds of bizarre theories of pseudoscience are dwarfed by the Big Bang hypothesis.
The ancient Greek philosopher Zhi Nuo once put forward four famous paradoxes. Starting from Aristotle, people thought that he opposed the movement and proved that it didn't exist, but I think Zhi Nuo intended to prove infinity. If there is infinity, there will be a paradox. For example, in the second paradox, "Achille can't catch up with the tortoise", Zhi Nuo pointed out that if we separate the process of Achille catching up with the tortoise that gives way infinitely, we will come to the conclusion that he can't catch up. This is like the proposition that "white horse is not a horse" put forward by Gong Sunlong, not to deny the existence of white horse as a horse, but to demonstrate that different levels of concepts have different application scopes, so let us pay attention to the accuracy of concepts.
Newton once said in a letter to Pastor Bentley: If the universe is finite, gravity will cause all matter to be concentrated in the center of the universe. On the other hand, if the universe is infinite, then a single substance will be attracted from all directions. If the matter in the universe is evenly distributed, these forces will cancel each other out and celestial bodies will not be attracted to a central point. It is an intellectual deficiency to think that celestial bodies are only attracted inward and will be attracted to the center because there is no reverse balance force. In fact, Newton himself gave the best rebuttal. Newton's third law points out that action and reaction exist at the same time, with the same size and opposite directions. Therefore, where there is gravity, there must be repulsion, which is as big as gravity, and both exist at the same time, and both live and die at the same time. Therefore, the objects in the universe do not rely on different directions of gravity to maintain the relative balance of spatial position, but rely on the same gravity and repulsion to maintain the relative balance of spatial position.
/kloc-In the late 7th century, Newton and Leibniz respectively invented a new mathematical calculation method-calculus, which provided an effective tool for the development of physics. Newton used calculus to solve the problem of instantaneous velocity, which was directly defined as the ratio of two infinitesimals, and deduced the elliptical orbit of the planet. Newton defined infinitesimal as "a number that can't be subdivided", and Leibniz also said: "infinitesimal should not be regarded as absolute and pure zero, but as relative zero". Newton and Leibniz's explanation accords with dialectics. Infinity is endless in intellectual view, and it is infinite deduction; In the rational view, infinity and finiteness are the same, and infinite existence and finiteness are the same, which is the limit of finiteness. Calculus is extreme mathematics, and it is talked about everywhere, so it can be popularized in quantum theory and is also very important in relativity. Because there is limit, there is infinity and infinitesimal in nature, and there is limit thought in our understanding, so it is possible to calculate infinity and infinitesimal. Otherwise calculus has no practical significance. For example, electrons are the limit of mass, volume and small charge, which is Newton's "inseparable number" and Leibniz's "relative zero". The quark hypothesis is wrong, because it holds that charges are infinitely separable. As the mainstream of modern science, quantum mechanics embodies the philosophy of finiteness, and declares to all people who love science that matter and energy (mass and energy are equivalent) cannot be infinitely divided, and quantum is a tiny limit. What goes against this scientific understanding is the real pseudoscience and pseudoscience.