(1) Unit 1

1. Polyphonetic words

(1) False: pretend, holiday

(2) Good : Say hello, curiosity

(3) Fa: discovery, white hair

(4) Shake: dazzle, shake

(5) Zhao: direction, morning glow

2. Learn to write a post-reading review

A post-reading review is an article written about the specific feelings and revelations obtained after reading a book, an article, a paragraph, or a few famous quotes. , the post-reading reflections can also be called reading notes, which is a commonly used applied style and one of the styles studied in applied writing.

3. Reading: Find the words or paragraphs described in the article

(Description is to describe, and writing is to copy. Description is to use vivid and vivid language to describe the status of characters or scenery in detail. This is a common expression method in general narrative and literary writing. The function of description is to reproduce the natural scenery and the situation of things, describe the appearance and inner world of the characters, and make the environment of the characters' activities concrete. p> For example: In the article "Our National Primary School", find the sentences that describe the quiet outside the window; in the article "The Golden Grass", find the sentences that describe the lovely grass and interesting dandelions.

4. Understand the wonderful use of words in sentences and the emotions conveyed

For example: in the article "Climbing Tiandu Peak", "Climbing and climbing... finally climbed up." (Finally: highlighting the hardship of climbing the mountain and the joy after climbing up the mountain)

5. Writing: describing extracurricular activities

The so-called narrative essay uses narration as the main method of expression. A literary style whose main content is to write about the experiences of characters and the development and changes of things.

6. Accumulation of ancient poems

"Children Fishing"

(The last two sentences of the poem describe the concentration of children when fishing, and the pictures are vivid and vivid. , vividly on the paper)

(2) Unit 2

1. Several ways to quote characters’ language.

　(1) Straight forward narrative style

The little boy fiddled with it for a long time and said: "Everything is ready."

　(2) Language comes before action

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"I will definitely fly back!" the boy said with certainty. (emphasis on words)

　(3) Discourse separation

"Yes." The little boy stood up and bowed, "Please let me in!"

(Pay attention to the different uses of punctuation marks in different ways)

2. Accumulate and tell famous stories (completeness of expression)

3. Accumulate famous quotes, Idiom stories

4. Composition training for writing about people and events

(Reflecting characters’ personalities through things)

5. Find the descriptions of the characters’ appearance, demeanor, actions, and Sentences about language, psychological activities, etc., and a simple analysis of character

(3) The third unit

1. Accumulation and translation of ancient poems

(1) Zhiyou Children pick and knit, and a lamp falls on the fence late at night.

(2) Being a stranger in a foreign land, I miss my family even more during festive seasons.

2. Understanding ancient poems

"What I saw in the Night Book"

(1) What kinds of scenery are described in the poem? We can tell what time it is. ?

　①Wuye, river, fence

　②Autumn leaves

　(2) What kind of atmosphere is shrouded in the poem? It expresses the author What kind of thoughts and feelings?

① Silence and desolation

② Homesickness; loneliness and loneliness of living as a guest, wandering, and having no fixed place; childhood nostalgia and nostalgia

　(3) Techniques of expression

　①Use scenes to express emotions, blend scenes

　②Combine movement and stillness, use movement to set off stillness

③Contrast joy and sorrow, use joy Contrasting sadness

④ Combining virtuality with reality, using reality to reflect virtuality

⑤ Conveying emotions and expressing ideas, using allusions in secret

⑥ Personification and synaesthesia, adding splendor and color

⑦ Carefully consider the words and sentences, "cold" and "pick" are expressive

(4) List other poems and poems describing autumn

3. Grasp the emotion of the article: "Kite" < /p>

(1) Grasp the changing process of emotions in the article "Kite", and make a brief summary based on relevant words and sentences

(2) Accumulate words and sentences that express the character's mood or feelings

(3) Writing: Write a narrative with substantial content to express the emotional and psychological changes of the characters (or words)

4. Understand the words and sentences in the text

Based on the descriptions or narratives in the text, understand the words and sentences in the text, or infer the meaning of unfamiliar words and sentences.

For example: In the article "Autumn Rain", based on the description in the second paragraph, understand the meaning of "colorful"

6. Description: multi-angle and multi-faceted description

　(1) Reading

For example, in the article "Autumn Rain", grasp the aspects of describing autumn rain in the text

(2) Writing

Multi-angle and multi-faceted description, such as describing the four seasons

7. Rhetorical method - analogy

(1) Concept

Analogy is to compare a thing To describe and explain something as another thing.

(2) Function

It can inspire readers’ imagination and make the article more vivid.

　(3) Examples

　①The yellow leaves are like small fans, fanning them wherever they go, fanning away the heat of summer. ("Autumn Rain")

②The red maple leaves are like stamps, fluttering and fluttering, bringing the coolness of autumn. ("Autumn Rain")

(4) Unit 4

1. Identify different rhetorical techniques; find relevant words and phrases in the text and realize the benefits of their usage

Example: The words and sentences describing morning glories, roses, water lilies, marigolds, tobacco flowers, moonflowers and epiphyllums in the article "Flower Clock"

2. Writing

　(1) Use your own feelings, inspirations, and gains in life as material to write, so that you can be clear and understandable

(2) Observe things in life, record them in diary form or composition, and make sure that Detailed, comprehensive, and smooth writing

3. Accumulation of proverbs - peasant proverbs

(5) Unit 5

1. Literary common sense

(1) Laozi

Laozi, a native of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period, was a great philosopher and thinker in ancient my country and the founder of the (Taoist) school. It exists in the world ("Tao Te Ching"), also known as ("Laozi").

(2) Confucius

Confucius, whose name is Qiu and whose courtesy name is Zhongni. A native of the (Lu) country during the (Spring and Autumn) period. Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient my country. He is also the founder of the (Confucian) school and one of the world's most cultural celebrities. Confucius compiled my country's first chronological history book (Spring and Autumn Annals). Confucius' words and deeds are mainly recorded in quotation-style prose collections ("The Analects") and ("Historical Records: Confucius' Family"). It is said that he had three thousand disciples, of whom (seventy-two) were very famous.

　(3) Myth

　① Concept

Stories about gods or deified ancient heroes are a kind of naivety of ancient people about natural phenomena and social life. explanation and beautiful yearning.

　③ Examples of traditional Chinese myths

Chang'e flies to the moon, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Houyi shoots the sun, Jingwei fills the sea, Pangu opens the sky, Nuwa mends the sky, Dayu controls the floods, Kuafu Chasing the sun...

　(4) Spring couplets

　①Concept

Spring couplets are a type of couplets and are a unique literary form.

　② Concept

It uses neat, dual, concise and exquisite words to describe the background of the times and express good wishes. It is a Chinese literary form.

　③Examples of famous couplets

Spring is always present all year round—all kinds of purples and reds bloom forever—horizontal comment: Welcome the New Year

Spring fills the world with hundreds of flowers blooming— — Fulin Xiaoyuan is always safe in the four seasons - Hengpi: Celebrating the Spring Festival

A hundred generations of contemporary times are good - the country of the past is new today - Hengpi: Everything is renewed

Happy to live in a treasured land that will be prosperous for thousands of years - Blessings shine on the family and everything is prosperous - Hengpi: Welcome the New Year

　(5) Famous Sentences

　①Learn the new by reviewing the past

　②When three people are walking together, there must be my teacher Yan

③It is not necessary to learn and practice it from time to time

④Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, this is knowing

2. Oral communication

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(1) Retell the content of the text in your own words

For example: Tell the story of "Pangu Opens the World" in your own words

(2) Talk about the ancient history of your hometown Architecture

3. Accumulation of four-character words

(1) "AB" formula (A and B are antonyms)

Well-known far and near, black and white, inversion of importance

(2) "XAXB" formula (A and B are antonyms)

Seeking the far ahead at the expense of the near, top-heavy, and adding up to a little makes more

(3) "AXBX" formula (A and B are antonyms)

Speaking in unison, speaking in unison, speaking in unison, being in harmony with each other

4. Writing

Collect information and use words to introduce an object. Or a certain scenery

(6) Unit 6

1. Word accumulation

(1) "AABB" style

Strict and solid, coming and going, comfortable and sure

　(2) "A and B" style

It is loose and soft, fragrant and crispy, and Sing, dance, talk and laugh

　(3) "No A, no B" style

Unhurried, unhurried, unknowing, indifferent

2. Sentence accumulation

(1) Proverb - Scenery of the motherland

① There is heaven above, and Suzhou and Hangzhou below

② Emei is beautiful in the world, and Three Gorges is the most majestic in the world

④Don’t look at the mountains when you come back from the Five Sacred Mountains, and don’t look at the mountains when you come back from Huangshan

⑤The landscapes of Guilin are the best in the world, and the landscapes of Yangshuo are the best in Guilin

(2) Poetry-Natural Scenery

① The green mountains on both sides of the strait face each other, and the lone sail is approaching the sun. ——Li Bai's "Looking at Tianmen Mountain"

②The clear water is beautiful when the water is shining, but the mountain is also strange when it is empty and rainy. ——Su Shi "Drinking from the First Sunny and Later Rain on the Lake"

③The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows up the stone. ——Wang Wei

④The blue birds in the river are more than white, and the blue flowers in the mountains are about to burn. ——Du Fu

⑤Thousands of miles away, the oriole crows, the green reflects the red, and the water village, mountain and Guo wine flag wind. ——Du Mu

⑥There is no way out despite the mountains and rivers, and there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers. ——Lu You

⑥There are many willows in the south and north of the water, and plum blossoms are everywhere behind the mountains and in front of the mountains.

——Wang Anshi

3. Rhetoric - Hyperbole

(1) Concept

Exaggeration is the use of rich imagination and purpose based on objective reality. A rhetorical technique that magnifies or shrinks the image characteristics of things to enhance the effect of expression

(2) Function

The function of exaggeration is to use exaggeration to highlight the essence of things, or to Strengthen the author's certain feelings, heighten the atmosphere, and arouse the reader's association.

① Exaggeration can arouse rich imagination and strong excitement in readers.

②In literature, exaggeration is the use of imagination and deformation to exaggerate certain characteristics of things and write unusual words.

4. Sort out the structural levels of the article and find the central sentence and central paragraph of the article

5. Understand the benefits of using certain words and sentences

For example In the article "Beautiful Xiaoxing'anling", the benefits of using the word "draw out" in "trees pull out new branches"

6. Understand the thoughts and feelings in the article

For example, "Beautiful Xiaoxing'anling" "The article expresses the author's love for Xiaoxing'anling.

7. Composition: Write about a scene in your hometown or something you are familiar with

(7) Unit 7

1. Use different examples to reason

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2. Connect the context and understand the meaning of the words

(1) In "Collia's Wooden Box", understand the meaning of "Sure enough"

( 2) Understand the meaning of "ridicule" in "Clay Pots and Iron Pots"

3. Understand action descriptions and expression descriptions

4. Accumulate fairy tales and idiom stories; try Making up fairy tales

5. Antonyms

Arrogant - humble; cowardly - brave; ugly - beautiful; stupid - smart

6. Accumulation of famous quotes< /p>

A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step

A hundred-foot pole leads to a further step

Hearing is false, seeing is believing

People No one is perfect, no gold is perfect

(8) Unit 8

1. Accumulation of words and sentences

(1) Three-character sentence "ABB style"

Round, chubby, flushed, smiling, happy, happy, quiet, foggy, rainy, green, black, white flowers

　(2) Four-character words

Dining and sleeping in the open air, traveling day and night, returning home with a full load, fulfilling one's wish, listless, silent, staring, suddenly enlightened, all over the world, world-famous, high-rise buildings, everything you want

　(3) Three-Character Sentences from "The Three-Character Sutra"< /p>

Human beings are inherently good by nature. Similar in nature, but far apart in habits.

It is not appropriate for a child not to learn. If you don't learn when you are young, what will you do when you are old?

If jade is not polished, it will not become a useful tool. If a person does not learn, he does not know righteousness.

As the son of man, Fang Shaoshi was born. Close friends and teachers, learn etiquette.

2. Word guessing

3. Composition: write about people, events, scenes, and express your own ideas